728:
899:
962:
375:
998:
643:
501:
1081:
1039:
941:
1060:
1018:
920:
878:
614:
822:
29:
2418:
2428:
1254:
2438:
2433:
1882:
1134:
1681:
515:
511:
504:
130:
712:
obliged
Oldenburg to have a constitution, following the advice of his Russian relatives, the Grand Duke again and again postponed the promise of a constitution given in 1830.
2423:
719:
did the Grand Duke reluctantly give in under pressure from his advisers. On 18 February 1849, he signed the
Oldenburg constitution which had already been revised by 1852.
1490:
1192:
624:
617:
155:
2289:
1027:
727:
634:, who was born in 1827 and would later succeed Augustus as Grand Duke. Just like her sister, however, Princess Ida died after three years of marriage, in 1828.
2316:
2182:
1396:
356:
741:
731:
180:
1516:
1428:
716:
546:
2299:
1160:
1370:
2321:
2201:
1863:
665:
As Grand Duke, Augustus was employed in reforming the administration of his small state and showed himself a patriarchal ruler who cared for
409:
From 1788 to 1803, the two princes were educated at home under the supervision of their father. Together with his brother, he studied at the
2337:
1548:
1454:
1090:
352:
2342:
2413:
2262:
2152:
1669:
950:
783:
631:
374:
220:
64:
2225:
2175:
2135:
1218:
348:
280:
54:
658:
on 21 May 1829. Unlike his father, Augustus assumed the title of Grand Duke, and
Augustus was thus the first to use the title
2081:
557:
984:
366:, who was a year younger than him. In 1785, his mother died in childbirth at the age of twenty. His father never remarried.
844:
391:
2358:
2408:
2294:
2168:
36:
290:
2061:
2220:
1069:
642:
572:
403:
2098:
1086:
908:
745:
270:
2267:
2246:
2066:
1715:
1023:
1006:
752:
500:
379:
363:
328:
231:
1917:
2273:
1639:
974:
659:
462:
432:
477:
1048:
887:
864:
655:
439:
410:
1940:
1936:
2403:
2398:
1657:
967:
929:
904:
709:
553:
492:, he returned to Russia to finish his work as governor of Estonia. He returned to Oldenburg in 1816.
2142:
1619:
854:
834:
526:
454:
212:
2205:
2191:
2106:
2031:
1955:
1044:
1002:
925:
591:
465:. This annexation was one of the causes for the diplomatic rift between former allies France and
425:
399:
795:
748:. He had become Grand Duke two years earlier, making her the first Grand Duchess of Oldenburg.
2016:
1859:
1838:
1661:
595:
560:
542:
481:
204:
2010:
1900:
1834:
1830:
1826:
2372:
1995:
1989:
1894:
779:
698:
344:
103:
1921:
946:
519:
489:
485:
443:
340:
316:
250:
594:, his father chose to continue the use of the lesser title of Duke, making Augustus the
2076:
1727:
1635:
1631:
827:
674:
654:
Augustus succeeded his father, Grand Duke Peter I, to the throne of
Oldenburg, and the
534:
530:
2392:
576:
545:; and Frederica, who was born in 1820 and later married Baron Maximilian Emanuel von
538:
387:
1974:
803:
705:
694:
582:
Although
Oldenburg, like many other German duchies, had been elevated from a mere
469:, a dispute that would lead to war in 1812 and eventually to Napoleon's downfall.
1968:
1853:
571:
In 1823, his father succeeded as Duke of
Oldenburg after the death of his cousin
413:
from 1803 to 1805. From 1805 to 1807 he and his brother travelled extensively in
1954:(1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter"
666:
587:
300:
775:
704:
The Grand Duke however was reluctant to follow popular demands to introduce a
613:
602:
450:
324:
799:
771:
670:
1952:
Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom
Schwarzen Adler
2085:(in German), vol. 1, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 667–669
623:
On 24 June 1825, after five years as a widower, Augustus married secondly
2070:(in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 446–447
550:
473:
418:
1065:
883:
807:
682:
429:
414:
265:
87:
1879:
Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum
Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
28:
2160:
767:
738:
647:
466:
458:
395:
1308:
11. Burgravine and
Countess Ursula Anna of Dohna-Schlodien-Carwinden
708:
for the Grand Duchy. Although article 13 of the constitution of the
323:) (13 July 1783 – 27 February 1853) was the reigning
1970:
1913:
1279:
5. Princess Sophie Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
766:
Grand Duke Augustus died on 27 February 1853 in Oldenburg. He was
726:
690:
686:
641:
612:
583:
499:
373:
1660:, a distant relative of the first President of the United States
1255:
Frederick William II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
436:
2164:
701:
developed into one of Northwestern Germany's cultural centres.
678:
2419:
Burials at the Ducal Mausoleum, Gertrudenfriedhof (Oldenburg)
2033:
Königlich-Württembergisches Hof- und Staats-Handbuch: 1847/50
758:
Grand Duchess Cecilia died on 27 January 1844 in Oldenburg.
386:
In 1785, when Augustus was two years old, his father became
782:. Augustus was succeeded as Grand Duke by his eldest son,
2429:
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree
2012:
Le livre d'or de l'ordre de Léopold et de la croix de fer
1680:
succeeded his father as Grand Duke of Oldenburg; married
601:
As Hereditary Prince, he participated extensively in the
751:
Augustus and Cecilia had three sons, of which just one,
1858:(in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 467.
2439:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
2053:
The Great European Treaties of the Nineteenth Century
1135:
Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin
1991:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern: 1847
1896:
Hof- und Staats-Handbuch für das Königreich Hannover
598:
rather than the Hereditary Grand Duke of Oldenburg.
563:. However, Princess Adelheid died suddenly in 1820.
516:
Victor II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
512:
Princess Adelheid of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
510:
On 24 July 1817, at the age of 34, Augustus married
505:
Princess Adelheid of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
131:
Princess Adelheid of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
2351:
2330:
2309:
2282:
2255:
2234:
2213:
2200:The generations are numbered from the ascension of
442:. Between 1810 and 1814, Oldenburg was occupied by
296:
286:
276:
264:
244:
203:
119:
109:
93:
74:
70:
60:
50:
42:
35:
21:
2434:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class
2379:may have lost his title due to an unequal marriage
1491:Margrave Frederick William of Brandenburg-Schwedt
2077:Paul Friedrich August (Großherzog von Oldenburg)
1933:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden
349:Prince Peter Frederick Louis of Holstein-Gottorp
1825:. l'Académie Imp. des Sciences. 1817. pp.
1193:Margravine Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach
625:Princess Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
618:Princess Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
156:Princess Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
1110:Ancestors of Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
1028:House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis
2176:
518:, and his wife, Princess Amalie Charlotte of
449:In December 1810, the Duchy of Oldenburg was
114:Ducal Mausoleum, Gertrudenfriedhof, Oldenburg
8:
737:On 5 May 1831, Augustus married thirdly his
461:to stay in exile with their relatives, the
2183:
2169:
2161:
2089:
1823:Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1817
1601:
1517:Friederike Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt
1115:
1106:
424:In 1808, he accompanied his father to the
217:Duchess Frederica, Baroness von Washington
27:
18:
2424:Russian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
1429:Princess Maria Augusta of Thurn and Taxis
529:, who was born in 1818 and later married
525:Augustus and Adelheid had two daughters;
2371:All Dukes were also by right Princes of
1397:Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg
488:from 1812 to 1814. After the end of the
457:and Augustus and his father traveled to
357:Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg
1742:
1658:Baron Maximilian Emanuel von Washington
1161:Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp
195: 1831; died 1844)
170: 1825; died 1828)
145: 1817; died 1820)
1730:Baroness Natalie Vogel von Friesenhof
1470:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1234:
1124:
1120:
627:, a younger sister of his first wife.
241:
1546:
1536:
1532:
1520:
1514:
1504:
1488:
1478:
1474:
1458:
1452:
1442:
1426:
1416:
1412:
1400:
1394:
1384:
1368:
1358:
1354:
1330:
1320:
1307:
1297:
1293:
1281:
1278:
1268:
1252:
1242:
1238:
1222:
1216:
1206:
1190:
1180:
1176:
1164:
1158:
1148:
1132:
1128:
480:where he led the work to prepare the
339:Augustus was born on 13 July 1783 at
7:
1881:(1851), "Großherzogliche Hausorden"
1855:Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009
1682:Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg
810:is named after Grand Duke Augustus.
46:21 May 1829 – 27 February 1853
1549:Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia
1371:Karl Alexander, Duke of Württemberg
321:Paul Friedrich August von Oldenburg
2094:Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
2055:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
556:, a distant relative of the first
362:Augustus had one younger brother,
14:
1333:Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
744:, a daughter of the deposed King
2338:Anton-Günther, Duke of Oldenburg
1935:(1834), "Großherzogliche Orden"
1455:Duchess Frederica of Württemberg
1219:Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
1079:
1058:
1037:
1016:
996:
960:
939:
918:
897:
876:
820:
353:Duchess Frederica of Württemberg
192:
167:
142:
2317:Hereditary Grand Duke Nikolaus
2082:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
2051:Oakes, Augustus Henry (1921).
1091:Order of the Württemberg Crown
630:Augustus and Ida had one son,
558:President of the United States
394:and was furthermore appointed
1:
845:Order of St. Alexander Nevsky
715:Only as a consequence of the
402:for his incapacitated cousin
2359:Christian, Duke of Oldenburg
2009:Ferdinand Veldekens (1858).
1914:"A Szent István Rend tagjai"
1899:. Berenberg. 1851. p.
985:Order of the Zähringer Lion
689:flourished along the lower
2455:
2300:Duke Constantine Petrovich
2075:Theodor Merzdorf (1875), "
1464:
1348:
1228:
1122:
742:Princess Cecilia of Sweden
739:second cousin once removed
732:Princess Cecilia of Sweden
656:Principality of Birkenfeld
573:William, Duke of Oldenburg
404:William, Duke of Oldenburg
378:Augustus with his brother
181:Princess Cecilia of Sweden
2367:
2198:
2149:
2140:
2132:
2127:
2099:House of Holstein-Gottorp
2092:
2036:. Guttenberg. p. 10.
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1534:
1526:
1498:
1476:
1472:
1436:
1414:
1406:
1378:
1356:
1352:
1314:
1295:
1287:
1262:
1240:
1236:
1200:
1178:
1170:
1142:
1126:
909:Order of the White Falcon
755:, survived to adulthood.
746:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
646:Grand Duke Augustus on a
484:. He participated in the
472:From 1811 to 1816 he was
249:
240:
26:
2414:Grand dukes of Oldenburg
2322:Duke Peter Alexandrovich
2295:Duke Alexander Petrovich
2067:Neue Deutsche Biographie
2060:Hermann Lübbing (1953),
1967:Staat Oldenburg (1852).
1920:22 December 2010 at the
1852:Jørgen Pedersen (2009).
1007:Order of the Black Eagle
514:. She was a daughter of
364:Duke George of Oldenburg
291:Frederica of Württemberg
2143:Grand Duke of Oldenburg
1640:Queen consort of Greece
975:House Order of Fidelity
660:Grand Duke of Oldenburg
463:Russian imperial family
313:Paul Frederick Augustus
213:Amalia, Queen of Greece
37:Grand Duke of Oldenburg
16:Grand Duke of Oldenburg
2274:Duke Peter Georgievich
1068:: Grand Cordon of the
734:
651:
620:
531:Prince Otto of Bavaria
507:
428:, the meeting between
383:
320:
254:
2343:Duke Friedrich August
2290:Frederick Augustus II
2242:Grand Duke Augustus I
1994:. Landesamt. p.
1089:: Grand Cross of the
1049:Order of Saint Hubert
949:: Grand Cross of the
928:: Grand Cross of the
907:: Grand Cross of the
888:Order of the Elephant
865:Order of St. Vladimir
778:of Saint Gertrude in
730:
645:
616:
549:(1829–1903) a son of
503:
440:Alexander I of Russia
411:University of Leipzig
377:
255:Paul Friedrich August
2104:Cadet branch of the
2030:Württemberg (1847).
1097:Ancestry and descent
951:Order of St. Stephen
930:Royal Guelphic Order
905:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
762:Death and succession
710:German Confederation
575:and Augustus became
554:Jakob von Washington
482:abolition of serfdom
433:Napoléon I of France
2263:Grand Duke Peter II
1973:. Schulze. p.
983:Grand Cross of the
973:Grand Cross of the
855:Order of St. George
835:Order of St. Andrew
717:Revolutions of 1848
331:from 1829 to 1853.
2409:Dukes of Oldenburg
2226:Grand Duke Peter I
2202:Frederick August I
2192:Dukes of Oldenburg
2107:House of Oldenburg
2015:. lelong. p.
1638:, and thus became
1045:Kingdom of Bavaria
1003:Kingdom of Prussia
926:Kingdom of Hanover
735:
652:
621:
592:Congress of Vienna
537:, and thus became
508:
426:Congress of Erfurt
400:Duchy of Oldenburg
384:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2206:Duke of Oldenburg
2159:
2158:
2150:Succeeded by
1865:978-87-7674-434-2
1734:
1733:
1662:George Washington
1647:Duchess Frederica
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1026:: Founder of the
859:16 September 1812
699:city of Oldenburg
596:Hereditary Prince
567:Hereditary Prince
561:George Washington
444:Napoleonic France
306:
305:
260:
259:
97:February 27, 1853
2446:
2373:Holstein-Gottorp
2369:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2162:
2133:Preceded by
2123:
2122:27 February 1853
2116:
2090:
2086:
2071:
2056:
2038:
2037:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1964:
1958:
1949:
1943:
1930:
1924:
1916:(in Hungarian),
1911:
1905:
1904:
1891:
1885:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1705:15 February 1836
1624:21 December 1818
1602:
1116:
1107:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1070:Order of Leopold
1064:
1062:
1061:
1047:: Knight of the
1043:
1041:
1040:
1032:27 November 1838
1022:
1020:
1019:
1005:: Knight of the
1001:
1000:
999:
966:
964:
963:
945:
943:
942:
924:
922:
921:
903:
901:
900:
886:: Knight of the
882:
880:
879:
826:
824:
823:
355:, a daughter of
335:Birth and family
271:Holstein-Gottorp
242:
196:
194:
171:
169:
146:
144:
100:
84:
82:
31:
19:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2363:
2347:
2326:
2305:
2278:
2251:
2230:
2209:
2194:
2189:
2155:
2146:
2138:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2102:
2095:
2074:
2059:
2050:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1988:Bayern (1847).
1987:
1986:
1982:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1950:
1946:
1931:
1927:
1922:Wayback Machine
1912:
1908:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1749:ADB, p. 667-68.
1748:
1744:
1739:
1723:17 October 1895
1720:23 January 1844
1632:Otto of Bavaria
1600:
1595:
1104:
1099:
1080:
1078:
1074:30 January 1841
1059:
1057:
1038:
1036:
1017:
1015:
1011:21 October 1834
997:
995:
961:
959:
947:Austrian Empire
940:
938:
919:
917:
898:
896:
877:
875:
821:
819:
816:
794:The settlement
792:
764:
725:
640:
611:
609:Second marriage
590:in 1815 at the
569:
520:Nassau-Weilburg
498:
490:Napoleonic Wars
486:Napoleonic Wars
372:
341:Schloss Rastede
337:
236:
199:
198:
190:
186:
183:
173:
165:
161:
158:
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115:
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86:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
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2401:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2352:7th Generation
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2331:6th Generation
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2310:5th Generation
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2283:4th Generation
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2256:3rd Generation
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2235:2nd Generation
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2221:Duke Wilhelm I
2217:
2215:
2214:1st Generation
2211:
2210:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2128:Regnal titles
2125:
2124:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2072:
2057:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2022:
2001:
1980:
1959:
1944:
1925:
1906:
1886:
1871:
1864:
1844:
1814:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1728:morganatically
1724:
1721:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1689:Duke Alexander
1686:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1636:King of Greece
1634:, the elected
1628:
1625:
1622:
1620:Duchess Amalia
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
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1565:
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1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1076:
1055:
1034:
1013:
993:
992:
991:
981:
957:
936:
915:
894:
873:
872:
871:
863:Knight of the
861:
853:Knight of the
851:
843:Knight of the
841:
833:Knight of the
828:Russian Empire
815:
812:
791:
788:
763:
760:
724:
723:Third marriage
721:
675:social welfare
639:
636:
610:
607:
605:of the duchy.
568:
565:
535:King of Greece
533:, the elected
497:
496:First marriage
494:
371:
368:
347:, to the then
336:
333:
304:
303:
298:
294:
293:
288:
284:
283:
278:
274:
273:
268:
262:
261:
258:
257:
247:
246:
238:
237:
235:
234:
229:
226:
225:Duke Alexander
223:
218:
215:
209:
207:
201:
200:
188:
184:
179:
178:
177:
176:
163:
159:
154:
153:
152:
151:
138:
134:
129:
128:
127:
126:
123:
121:
117:
116:
113:
111:
107:
106:
101:(aged 69)
95:
91:
90:
76:
72:
71:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2451:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2100:
2091:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1867:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1785:Oakes, p. 57.
1782:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1708:30 April 1837
1707:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1653:20 March 1891
1652:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1603:
1597:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
994:
990:
986:
982:
980:
976:
972:
971:
969:
958:
956:
952:
948:
937:
935:
931:
927:
916:
914:
913:22 April 1830
910:
906:
895:
893:
889:
885:
874:
870:
867:, 1st Class,
866:
862:
860:
857:, 3rd Class,
856:
852:
850:
846:
842:
840:
836:
832:
831:
829:
818:
817:
813:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
789:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
770:in the Ducal
769:
761:
759:
756:
754:
749:
747:
743:
740:
733:
729:
722:
720:
718:
713:
711:
707:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
663:
661:
657:
649:
644:
637:
635:
633:
628:
626:
619:
615:
608:
606:
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
577:Heir apparent
574:
566:
564:
562:
559:
555:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:Queen consort
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
506:
502:
495:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
455:French Empire
452:
447:
445:
441:
438:
434:
431:
427:
422:
420:
416:
412:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:Prince-Bishop
381:
376:
369:
367:
365:
360:
358:
354:
351:and his wife
350:
346:
342:
334:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
302:
299:
295:
292:
289:
285:
282:
279:
275:
272:
269:
267:
263:
256:
252:
248:
243:
239:
233:
230:
227:
224:
222:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
208:
206:
202:
182:
175:
174:
157:
150:
149:
132:
125:
124:
122:
118:
112:
108:
105:
96:
92:
89:
85:July 13, 1783
77:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2378:
2370:
2241:
2141:
2119:
2115:13 July 1783
2112:
2105:
2097:
2080:
2065:
2052:
2032:
2025:
2011:
2004:
1990:
1983:
1969:
1962:
1951:
1947:
1932:
1928:
1909:
1895:
1889:
1878:
1874:
1854:
1847:
1822:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1794:NDB, p. 447.
1790:
1781:
1772:
1767:ADB, p. 668.
1763:
1754:
1745:
1692:16 June 1834
1684:; had issue
1677:13 June 1900
1332:
1073:
1052:
1031:
1010:
988:
978:
954:
933:
912:
892:29 July 1829
891:
868:
858:
849:26 July 1801
848:
839:26 July 1801
838:
804:Lower Saxony
793:
765:
757:
750:
736:
714:
706:constitution
703:
664:
653:
629:
622:
600:
581:
570:
524:
509:
471:
448:
423:
408:
385:
382:in the 1790s
361:
338:
312:
308:
307:
99:(1853-02-27)
2404:1853 deaths
2399:1783 births
2268:Duke Elimar
2247:Duke George
2062:"August I."
1812:NDB, p. 447
1803:NDB, p. 447
1776:ADB, p. 668
1758:ADB, p. 668
1716:Duke Elimar
1702:Duke August
1695:6 June 1835
1674:8 July 1827
1650:8 June 1820
1627:20 May 1875
1087:Württemberg
869:26 May 1816
667:agriculture
648:Thaler coin
588:grand duchy
301:Lutheranism
232:Duke Elimar
228:Duke August
51:Predecessor
2393:Categories
2147:1829–1853
1737:References
1670:Duke Peter
796:Augustfehn
776:Churchyard
697:, and the
603:government
547:Washington
370:Early life
325:Grand Duke
309:Augustus I
81:1783-07-13
22:Augustus I
1024:Oldenburg
800:Ammerland
780:Oldenburg
772:Mausoleum
671:transport
650:from 1846
345:Oldenburg
329:Oldenburg
104:Oldenburg
61:Successor
2208:in 1774.
2153:Peter II
1918:Archived
1726:married
1656:married
1630:married
1102:Ancestry
474:Governor
419:Scotland
297:Religion
221:Peter II
65:Peter II
2136:Peter I
2045:Sources
1066:Belgium
884:Denmark
814:Honours
808:Germany
774:in the
683:science
478:Estonia
453:by the
451:annexed
430:Emperor
415:England
398:of the
281:Peter I
197:
189:
185:
172:
164:
160:
147:
139:
135:
88:Rastede
55:Peter I
2118:
1937:pp. 32
1862:
1614:Notes
1084:
1063:
1042:
1021:
965:
944:
923:
902:
881:
825:
790:Legacy
768:buried
753:Elimar
543:Greece
527:Amalia
467:Russia
459:Russia
396:regent
392:Lübeck
380:George
317:German
287:Mother
277:Father
251:German
120:Spouse
110:Burial
2120:Died:
2113:Born:
1956:p. 20
1611:Death
1608:Birth
1598:Issue
968:Baden
784:Peter
691:Weser
687:Trade
638:Reign
632:Peter
586:to a
584:duchy
551:Baron
343:near
266:House
245:Names
205:Issue
191:(
187:
166:(
162:
141:(
137:
43:Reign
1883:p. 8
1860:ISBN
1605:Name
1547:15.
1489:14.
1427:13.
1369:12.
1253:10.
1053:1839
989:1831
979:1831
955:1831
934:1830
695:Jade
693:and
681:and
437:Tsar
435:and
417:and
94:Died
75:Born
2204:as
2079:",
2017:202
1839:149
1515:7.
1453:3.
1395:6.
1331:1.
1217:2.
1191:9.
1159:4.
1133:8.
802:in
798:in
679:art
541:of
476:of
390:of
327:of
311:or
2395::
2377:*
2064:,
1975:22
1941:50
1939:,
1901:58
1837:,
1835:95
1833:,
1831:77
1829:,
1827:62
1664:.
1642:.
1072:,
1051:,
1030:,
1009:,
987:,
977:,
970::
953:,
932:,
911:,
890:,
847:,
837:,
830::
806:,
786:.
685:.
677:,
673:,
669:,
662:.
579:.
522:.
446:.
421:.
406:.
359:.
319::
253::
193:m.
168:m.
143:m.
2302:*
2270:*
2184:e
2177:t
2170:v
2019:.
1998:.
1996:7
1977:.
1903:.
1868:.
1841:.
315:(
83:)
79:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
