1120:
1234:
170:
51:
824:, which dealt with the political aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, agreed to abolish the Grand Duchies created by Bonaparte and to create a group of monarchies of intermediate importance with that title. Thus the 19th century saw a new group of monarchs titled grand duke in central Europe, especially in present-day Germany. The title was also used for the part of Poland granted to
1202:
1078:, bestowed by the king to highest military commanders, usually reserved for most influential and most capable among highest Bosnian nobility. To interpret it as an office post rather than a court rank could be even more accurate. Unlike usage in Western Europe, Central Europe, or in various Slavic lands from Central to North-East Europe, where analogy between
780:(literally "grand prince"), the monarchic title of the rulers of Lithuania as well as of (western) Russia, Prussia, Mazovia, Samogithia, Kiev, Volhynia, Podolia, Podlachia, Livonia, Smolensk, Severia and Chernigov (including hollow claims nurtured by ambition), were used as part of their full official monarchic titles by the Kings (Polish:
724:
in the 15th century, when they ruled most of present-day northeastern France as well as almost the entire Low
Countries. They tried—ultimately without success—to create from these territories under their control a new unified country between the Kingdom of France in the west and the Holy Roman Empire
819:
vassals) were allowed to assume the title of grand duke, usually at the same time as their inherited fiefs (or fiefs granted by
Napoleon) were enlarged by annexed territories previously belonging to enemies defeated on the battlefield. After Napoleon's downfall, the victorious powers who met at the
1439:" (abbreviated "HRH"), possibly because of the connection of many grand-ducal houses to royal ones or as the highest style beneath that of a king (sometimes styled "Royal Highness"). The heir to the throne (a hereditary grand duke) was sometimes styled as "Royal Highness", otherwise as "
1272:. Thereafter the title was given to sons and grandsons (through male lines) of the Tsars and Emperors of Russia. The daughters and paternal granddaughters of Russian emperors, as well as the consorts of Russian grand dukes, were generally called "grand duchesses" in English.
844:
1412:
In the late Middle Ages, the title "grand prince/grand duke" became increasingly a purely ceremonial courtesy title for close relatives of ruling monarchs, such as the Tsar of Russia, who granted his brothers the title
532:
1681:
A history of the
Croatian people from their arrival on the shores of the Adriatic to the present day: with some account of the Gothic, Roman, Greek, Illyrian, and prehistoric periods of the ancient Illyricum and
1155:
was usually given by a father to his eldest son, and with his death passed to the next oldest sibling. This system didn’t last very long, and in 12th century multiple northern princes of the
851:
In the same century, the purely ceremonial version of the title grand duke in Russia (in fact the western translation of the
Russian title "grand prince" granted to the siblings of the
525:
1329:). However, grand princes did not have the same monarchic precedence as later Western European kings, and thus they were considered lower in rank, particularly in later literature.
1443:" (HGDH). Junior members of the family also generally bore the lower title of prince or princess with the style of "Grand Ducal Highness". However, in other grand duchies (e.g.,
518:
1933:
1098:. It is possible to register some similarities with equivalent titles in neighboring Slavic lands, such as Serbia; however, in neighboring countries, the title
951:
804:
1119:
670:) to denote either a particularly mighty duke or a monarchy playing an important political, military and/or economic role, but not large enough to be a
1846:"Viteske svecanosti u Budimu 1412. godine i ucesce bosanskih predstavnika (Festivities held in Buda in 1412 and the participation of Bosnian magnates)"
729:(reigned 1419–67) assumed the subsidiary, legally void style and title of "Grand Duke of the West" in 1435, having previously brought the duchies of
1405:) used the title of grand prince; this title was later assumed by the Habsburgs after their conquest of Hungary. The Polish kings of the Swedish
1645:
1166:
While this term is a more precise translation, it is neither standard nor widely used in
English. In German, however, grand duke was known as a
1795:
1782:
1239:
1233:
1040:. As such, it was an actual office rather than a court rank (although it also became a grade in the court order of precedence under the
626:
622:
785:
1159:
could compete for their dominance in Kiev. Some of them would prefer to establish themselves as grand dukes independently from Kiev.
894:) and a non-sovereign, purely ceremonial grand duke of either the Russian imperial family or other non-sovereign territories that are
1715:
1655:
1508:
134:
882:), there is also a clear linguistic difference between a sovereign grand duke reigning over a state of central and western Europe (
1451:
1938:
1193:
into
Ukrainian lands, Lithuanian princes would take the title of Grand Dukes of Ruthenia, until their unification with Poland.
159:
1283:, which he held as an autonomous state. Before the Russian conquest Finland had been held by the Kings of Sweden, first as a
72:
666:
as a monarch reigning over an independent state was a later invention (in
Western Europe at first in 1569 for the ruler of
1618:
1513:
1459:
858:
In the German and Dutch languages, which have separate words for a prince as the issue (child) of a monarch (respectively
1705:
115:
1086:
was significant, with both titles corresponding to sovereign lower than king but higher than duke. In Bosnia, the title
726:
87:
1903:
1470:
1386:("emperor") and based on the claim to be the legitimate successors of the Byzantine-East Roman Emperors. Grand Prince
1189:
to show succession between Kiev and
Galicia, while keeping the title of Grand Duke of Kiev. With the expansion of the
68:
997:(δούξ) in Greek, was a common title for imperial generals in the Late Roman Empires (west and east), but note it was
928:
After the
Russian conquests, the title continued to be used by the Russian emperors in their role as rulers of both (
737:
as well as the counties of
Holland, Zeeland, Friesland, Hainaut and Namur into his possession. His son and successor
1106:, also had military significance, but in that sense "grand duke" was specifically, even exclusively, Bosnian title.
1466:
1015:
94:
61:
1432:
855:) expanded massively because of the large number of progeny of the ruling House of Romanov during those decades.
1740:"The Header to the Ten Commandments in the Hval Codex: a Contribution to the Semantics of Medieval Illumination"
1378:
With the growing importance and size of their countries, those monarchs claimed a higher title, such as king or
1444:
1190:
763:
645:
618:
961:
701:(in northwest Portugal and considered as that country's original nucleus) took, in 987, the personal title of
1918:
1481:
1218:
1059:
633:(officially simply the Grand Duchy of Saxony) – grand duchies from 1815 to 1918, and all now part of Germany
101:
169:
1455:
937:
796:
667:
641:
603:
1739:
1569:
1923:
1523:
1280:
1257:
918:
717:(Grand Duke), leading ultimately to Portuguese independence from the Spanish kingdom of Castille-León.
708:
83:
1447:), junior members of the family bore the title of duke or duchess, with the style of "Highness" (HH).
1440:
1414:
1214:
1053:
829:
630:
614:
610:
459:
1454:
styles all its members as "Royal Highness" since 1919, due to their being also cadet members of the
1390:
was the last monarch to reign without claiming any higher title, until he finally assumed the style
694:
561:
1831:
The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
1679:
1206:
1152:
1033:
914:
825:
821:
698:
1801:
1606:
592:. The title is used in some current and former independent monarchies in Europe, particularly:
1791:
1711:
1651:
1581:
1477:
1387:
1261:
1182:
1075:
941:
933:
837:
771:
721:
506:
151:
1747:
1246:
1186:
1124:
921:" to the subsidiary titles of the Swedish kings, but without any political consequences, as
738:
734:
730:
560:
or by members of certain monarchs' families. In status, a grand duke traditionally ranks in
553:
418:
282:
1875:
711:. He was defeated by the royal armies but nevertheless obtained a remarkable autonomy as a
1610:
1398:
1332:
Grand princes reigned in Central and Eastern Europe, notably among Slavs and Lithuanians.
1322:
1156:
1041:
922:
637:
475:
184:
1469:
grand dukes of Tuscany, being members of the imperial family of Austria, were styled as "
1790:(in Bosnian) (Historijske monografije; knj. 4 ed.). Institut za istoriju Sarajevo.
1287:, since 1581 with the King assuming the secondary title Grand Duke of Finland (Finnish:
108:
1928:
1614:
1493:
1436:
1391:
1222:
1148:
1067:
1037:
843:
833:
335:
309:
270:
31:
1912:
1406:
1133:
581:
501:
237:
232:
227:
37:
1304:
1137:(Великий Князь), which from the 11th century was at first the title of the leading
573:
330:
294:
242:
217:
212:
1313:) were medieval monarchs who usually ruled over several tribes and/or were feudal
1543:
1284:
800:
679:
657:
50:
1544:"Cosimo I | Duke of Florence & Tuscany, Grand Duke of Tuscany | Britannica"
720:
Another example was the line of self-proclaimed grand dukes (legally dukes) of
1265:
1093:
978:
810:
687:
597:
1898:
1853:
Spomenica Akademika Marka Šunjića (1927-1998), Filozofski Fakultet U Sarajevu
1585:
1024:
707:("Grand Duke of the Portuguese") and rebelled against his feudal lord, King
496:
392:
387:
377:
361:
196:
1201:
813:
awarded the title extensively: during his era, several of his allies (and
799:, starting from the late 16th century. This official title was granted by
17:
1764:
1518:
1503:
1498:
1314:
815:
577:
480:
423:
402:
382:
372:
325:
320:
277:
254:
602:
historically by the sovereigns of former independent countries, such as
1358:
1318:
767:
565:
557:
491:
454:
449:
340:
179:
1752:
1409:
also used the grand-princely title for their non-Polish territories.
1276:
1138:
792:
585:
470:
444:
428:
397:
299:
265:
1317:
of other princes. At the time, the title was usually translated as "
690:
or even national territories to which the title was once attached.
1845:
1382:(also spelled "czar" in English) which was derived from the Latin
1232:
1200:
1171:
1143:
1118:
1008:
1003:
842:
671:
433:
413:
351:
1365:
in its original meaning of "ruler". Thus, the literal meaning of
1707:
The Poetics of Slavdom: The Mythopoeic Foundations of Yugoslavia
1379:
1269:
1181:
With the decline of Kiev under the Mongols in the 13th century,
990:
852:
683:
675:
589:
569:
356:
304:
289:
207:
191:
1072:
Bosne supremus voivoda / Sicut supremus voivoda regni Bosniae
985:
791:
The first monarchs ever officially titled grand duke were the
774:. From 1573, both the Latin version and its Polish equivalent
44:
741:(reigned 1467–77) continued to use the same style and title.
1476:
Grand dukes and grand duchesses from Russia were styled as "
1217:
from 1230s to 1795, most of its leaders were referred to as
1572:[Coins minted by Duke Hrvoja Vukčića Hrvatinića].
1151:, then of several other East Slavic princes. The title of
1131:"Grand duke" is the traditional translation of the title
1855:(in Bosnian and English). Filozofski fakultet u Sarajevu
1397:
The rulers of the Turkish vassal state of Transylvania (
1127:, King of Ruthenia and Grand Duke of Kiev (18 century)
1418:
1366:
1336:
1260:
appeared as the grand duke for "all of Russia" until
1036:
and was conferred upon the commanding admiral of the
1028:
from the 10th century on. The title of "Grand Duke" (
682:
by having been granted to rulers of relatively small
1321:", sometimes also as "minor king" or "little king" (
678:
had gradually lost status and precedence during the
75:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1090:corresponded more to the Byzantine military title
1619:"Missale Glagoliticum Hervoiae ducis Spalatensis"
30:For the comic opera by Gilbert and Sullivan, see
1352:
847:1860 postage stamp of the Grand Duchy of Finland
757:
751:
1375:was more like "great ruler" than "grand duke".
836:with Prussia (and so nominally separate) until
1018:, the commander of a theme was often styled a
762:in Lithuanian) has been used by the rulers of
693:One of the first examples occurred when Count
1784:Veliki vojvoda bosanski Sandalj Hranić Kosača
1685:. Philosophical Library. pp. 98, 99, 100
1342:
526:
8:
1347:) in Ukrainian and Russian. The Slavic word
955:
945:
944:also instituted the similarly non-sovereign
936:(1793–1917) and the (equally non-sovereign)
899:
883:
871:
859:
775:
1650:. Cambridge University Press. p. 481.
1162:Another translation of this title would be
905:
889:
877:
865:
745:
712:
702:
1776:
1774:
1044:), and was always held by one individual.
725:(mainly present-day Germany) in the east.
533:
519:
146:
1751:
1738:Cvetković, Branislav (19 December 2014).
925:was already a part of the Swedish realm.
135:Learn how and when to remove this message
1746:(in Croatian and English) (4): 155–172.
1221:, even when they jointly held the title
1014:Under the latter, exclusively Byzantine
1934:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
1568:Sulejmanagić, Amer (30 November 2012).
1535:
1431:Most often, a sovereign grand duke was
1335:The title "grand prince" translates to
158:
1824:
1822:
1456:Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma
606:(from 1569 to 1860, now part of Italy)
686:(feudal territories), instead of the
7:
954:) in 1765, and the (purely nominal)
162:gentry and chivalric ranks in Europe
73:adding citations to reliable sources
36:. For the grand duke butterfly, see
1357:(today translated as "priest") are
993:), which was phonetically rendered
636:formerly also in some countries in
952:Grand Principality of Transylvania
596:in the present-day Grand Duchy of
25:
1570:"Novac Hrvoja Vukčića Hrvatinića"
1509:List of grand duchesses of Russia
1275:From 1809 to 1917 the Emperor of
1678:Preveden, Francis Ralph (1962).
1452:Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg
674:. It arose because the title of
310:Prince-elector, Princess-elector
168:
49:
1833:. University of Michigan Press.
1829:Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994).
1115:Ruthenian/Ukrainian grand dukes
898:dependencies of a major power (
832:– which was formally held in a
60:needs additional citations for
1480:" (HIH), being members of the
870:) and for a sovereign prince (
786:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
1514:List of grand dukes of Russia
1460:Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma
1243:by Heinrich von Angeli (1874)
1458:as male-line descendants of
1309:Grand princes (or sometimes
727:Philip III, Duke of Burgundy
652:Western and Central European
295:Crown prince, Crown princess
1844:Filipović, Emir O. (2010).
1710:. Peter Lang. p. 544.
1471:Imperial and Royal Highness
1427:Styles and forms of address
1419:
1367:
1337:
1074:) was a court title in the
1063:
947:Großfürstentum Siebenbürgen
1955:
1647:Essays on the Latin Orient
1302:
1238:Portrait of Grand Duchess
1051:
1007:(the etymological root of
989:(the etymological root of
976:
655:
29:
1343:
1209:, Grand Duke of Lithuania
704:Magnus Dux Portucalensium
556:, used either by certain
250:Grand duke, Grand duchess
1904:Duke or Dux in Byzantium
1899:WorldStatesmen - Finland
1644:Miller, William (2014).
1191:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
646:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
584:, and above a sovereign
1781:Kurtović, Esad (2009).
1704:Zlatar, Zdenko (2007).
1482:Russian Imperial Family
1219:Grand Duke of Lithuania
1064:Veliki Vojvoda Bosanski
1022:instead of the earlier
784:) of Poland during the
160:Imperial, royal, noble,
1876:"Didysis kunigaikštis"
1874:Gudavičius, Edvardas.
1402:
1353:
1326:
1249:
1210:
1197:Lithuanian grand dukes
1128:
1071:
1058:Grand Duke of Bosnia (
956:
946:
906:
900:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
848:
781:
776:
758:
752:
746:
713:
703:
642:Grand Duchy of Finland
497:Gentleman, Gentlewoman
1576:(in Serbo-Croatian).
1524:Royal and noble ranks
1293:Storfurste av Finland
1281:Grand Duke of Finland
1236:
1204:
1122:
1052:Further information:
977:Further information:
973:Byzantine grand dukes
962:Grand Duchy of Kraków
919:Grand Duke of Finland
846:
770:also became kings of
373:Viscount, Viscountess
321:Marquess, Marchioness
255:Archduke, Archduchess
197:High king, High queen
1574:Numizmatičke Vijesti
1441:Grand Ducal Highness
1415:Grand Duke of Russia
1373:Didysis kunigaikštis
1289:Suomen suuriruhtinas
1215:history of Lithuania
1185:would be crowned as
1054:Grand Duke of Bosnia
1042:Palaiologan emperors
957:Großherzogtum Krakau
830:Grand Duchy of Posen
759:Didysis kunigaikštis
688:large tribal regions
631:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
627:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
623:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
383:Burgrave, Burgravine
326:Margrave, Margravine
69:improve this article
1939:Men's social titles
1351:and the Lithuanian
1229:Russian grand dukes
1048:Bosnian grand dukes
805:Cosimo I de' Medici
562:order of precedence
450:Baronet, Baronetess
1548:www.britannica.com
1388:Ivan IV of Muscovy
1250:
1245:Saint Petersburg,
1225:and other titles.
1211:
1207:Vytautas the Great
1153:Grand Duke of Kiev
1129:
1034:Alexios I Komnenos
938:autonomous Finland
915:John III of Sweden
849:
822:Congress of Vienna
709:Bermudo II of León
1797:978-9958-649-01-1
1478:Imperial Highness
1262:Ivan IV of Russia
1183:Danylo of Galicia
1076:Kingdom of Bosnia
1032:) was created by
942:Habsburg monarchy
940:(1809–1917). The
838:its incorporation
582:prince-archbishop
543:
542:
507:Lord of the Manor
471:Knight, Chevalier
145:
144:
137:
119:
16:(Redirected from
1946:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1850:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1800:. Archived from
1789:
1778:
1769:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1753:10.15291/ars.493
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1540:
1422:
1370:
1356:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1247:Hermitage Museum
1240:Maria Fiodorovna
1187:king of Ruthenia
1110:Eastern European
983:The Latin title
959:
949:
909:
903:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
779:
761:
755:
749:
739:Charles the Bold
716:
706:
695:Gonçalo I Mendes
554:hereditary title
552:) is a European
535:
528:
521:
180:Emperor, Empress
172:
147:
140:
133:
129:
126:
120:
118:
77:
53:
45:
21:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1909:
1908:
1895:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1807:on 5 March 2016
1804:
1798:
1787:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1758:
1756:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1611:Lajos Thalloczy
1607:Vatroslav Jagić
1605:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1553:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1490:
1473:" (HI&RH).
1429:
1307:
1301:
1244:
1231:
1213:Throughout the
1199:
1176:magnus princeps
1157:Rurikid Dynasty
1117:
1112:
1056:
1050:
981:
975:
970:
932:non-sovereign)
750:or grand duke (
660:
654:
638:Northern Europe
539:
476:Imperial Knight
414:Baron, Baroness
352:Count, Countess
161:
141:
130:
124:
121:
78:
76:
66:
54:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1952:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1919:Heads of state
1911:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1893:
1892:
1866:
1836:
1818:
1796:
1770:
1730:
1716:
1696:
1670:
1656:
1636:
1615:Franz Wickhoff
1598:
1560:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1494:Veliki vojvoda
1489:
1486:
1437:Royal Highness
1428:
1425:
1392:Tsar of Russia
1303:Main article:
1300:
1297:
1252:From 1328 the
1230:
1227:
1223:King of Poland
1198:
1195:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1060:Serbo-Croatian
1049:
1046:
1038:Byzantine navy
974:
971:
969:
966:
913:In 1582, King
834:personal union
795:sovereigns of
753:Kunigų kunigas
653:
650:
649:
648:
640:, such as the
634:
607:
600:
541:
540:
538:
537:
530:
523:
515:
512:
511:
510:
509:
504:
499:
494:
486:
485:
484:
483:
478:
473:
465:
464:
463:
462:
457:
452:
447:
439:
438:
437:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
408:
407:
406:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
367:
366:
365:
364:
359:
354:
346:
345:
344:
343:
338:
336:Count palatine
333:
328:
323:
315:
314:
313:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
286:
285:
275:
274:
273:
260:
259:
258:
257:
252:
247:
246:
245:
240:
235:
230:
222:
221:
220:
215:
202:
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33:The Grand Duke
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1344:Великий князь
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1338:velikiy knjaz
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777:wielki książę
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125:November 2016
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86: –
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80:Find sources:
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58:This article
56:
52:
47:
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41:
40:
39:Bassarona iva
35:
34:
19:
1924:Royal titles
1883:. Retrieved
1879:
1869:
1857:. Retrieved
1852:
1849:(.pdf/.html)
1839:
1830:
1809:. Retrieved
1802:the original
1783:
1763:– via
1757:. Retrieved
1743:
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1706:
1699:
1687:. Retrieved
1680:
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1646:
1639:
1627:. Retrieved
1622:
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1577:
1573:
1563:
1552:. Retrieved
1550:. 2023-06-08
1547:
1538:
1475:
1464:
1449:
1430:
1420:veliki knjaz
1411:
1403:Siebenbürgen
1396:
1383:
1377:
1372:
1368:Veliki Knjaz
1362:
1361:of the word
1348:
1334:
1331:
1310:
1308:
1305:Grand prince
1299:Grand prince
1292:
1288:
1274:
1264:in 1547 was
1253:
1251:
1237:
1212:
1205:Painting of
1180:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1142:
1134:Velyky Knyaz
1132:
1130:
1123:Portrait of
1103:
1102:, in Slavic
1099:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1084:grand prince
1083:
1079:
1057:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1016:theme system
1013:
1002:
998:
994:
984:
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927:
912:
895:
857:
850:
814:
809:
790:
766:, who after
743:
719:
692:
663:
661:
574:grand prince
549:
545:
544:
331:Marcher lord
249:
131:
122:
112:
105:
98:
91:
84:"Grand duke"
79:
67:Please help
62:verification
59:
38:
32:
1759:16 February
1723:16 February
1689:16 February
1663:16 February
1623:archive.org
1291:, Swedish:
1285:royal duchy
1149:Kievan Rus'
964:) in 1846.
891:Groothertog
803:in 1569 to
801:Pope Pius V
680:Middle Ages
658:Grand duchy
548:(feminine:
27:Royal title
1913:Categories
1885:15 January
1859:10 January
1811:10 January
1625:(in Latin)
1554:2023-07-04
1530:References
1327:Kleinkönig
1168:Großfürst,
1094:megas doux
1088:grand duke
1080:grand duke
1030:megas doux
979:megas doux
907:Grootvorst
885:Großherzog
811:Napoleon I
747:magnus dux
744:The title
714:Magnus Dux
664:grand duke
656:See also:
598:Luxembourg
546:Grand duke
481:Druzhinnik
95:newspapers
18:Grand Duke
1586:0546-9422
1445:Oldenburg
1394:in 1547.
1315:overlords
1025:strategos
934:Lithuania
901:Großfürst
840:in 1848.
764:Lithuania
699:Portucale
662:The term
619:Oldenburg
564:below an
393:Advocatus
388:Landgrave
378:Castellan
362:Ealdorman
1682:Pannonia
1617:(1899).
1519:Nobility
1499:Archduke
1488:See also
1467:Habsburg
1359:cognates
930:de facto
896:de facto
816:de facto
722:Burgundy
578:archduke
558:monarchs
424:Lendmann
403:Starosta
278:Princess
152:a series
150:Part of
1354:kunigas
1266:crowned
1258:Muscovy
1170:and in
1104:vojvoda
968:Balkans
923:Finland
917:added "
826:Prussia
797:Tuscany
768:Jogaila
735:Limburg
731:Brabant
672:kingdom
668:Tuscany
644:or the
604:Tuscany
566:emperor
492:Esquire
455:Fidalgo
341:Voivode
283:consort
271:consort
238:dowager
233:consort
228:regnant
218:dowager
213:consort
185:dowager
109:scholar
1880:vle.lt
1805:(.pdf)
1794:
1714:
1654:
1629:10 May
1584:
1433:styled
1399:German
1384:caesar
1323:German
1277:Russia
1139:prince
828:– the
793:Medici
772:Poland
586:prince
460:Nobile
445:Ritter
429:Primor
398:Vidame
300:Herzog
266:Prince
243:mother
224:Queen
111:
104:
97:
90:
82:
1929:Dukes
1788:(PDF)
1765:Hrčak
1591:8 May
1504:Fürst
1349:knjaz
1172:Latin
1147:) of
1144:Kniaz
1125:Leo I
1068:Latin
1009:count
1004:comes
999:lower
879:Vorst
873:Fürst
867:Prins
861:Prinz
684:fiefs
615:Hesse
611:Baden
580:, or
434:Boyar
419:Thane
116:JSTOR
102:books
1887:2020
1861:2016
1813:2016
1792:ISBN
1761:2019
1725:2019
1712:ISBN
1691:2019
1665:2019
1652:ISBN
1631:2020
1593:2020
1582:ISSN
1465:The
1450:The
1435:as "
1380:tsar
1371:and
1363:king
1319:king
1270:tsar
1100:duke
1082:and
1020:doux
995:doux
991:duke
853:tsar
782:król
733:and
676:duke
629:and
590:duke
570:king
357:Earl
305:Jarl
208:King
88:news
1748:doi
1423:).
1295:).
1268:as
1256:of
1174:as
1011:).
986:dux
910:).
697:of
609:in
71:by
1915::
1878:.
1851:.
1821:^
1773:^
1742:.
1621:.
1613:;
1609:;
1578:54
1546:.
1484:.
1462:.
1401::
1325::
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1070::
1066:;
1062::
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888:,
876:,
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788:.
756:,
625:,
621:,
617:,
613:,
576:,
572:,
568:,
154:on
1889:.
1863:.
1815:.
1767:.
1750::
1727:.
1693:.
1667:.
1633:.
1595:.
1557:.
1417:(
1341:(
1141:(
960:(
950:(
534:e
527:t
520:v
138:)
132:(
127:)
123:(
113:·
106:·
99:·
92:·
65:.
42:.
20:)
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