Knowledge (XXG)

Australo-Melanesian

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999:"There are considered to be four basic ancestry groups into which an individual can be placed by physical appearance, not accounting for admixture: the sub-Saharan African group ("Negroid"), the European group ("Caucasoid"), the Central Asian group ("Mongoloid"), and the Australasian group ("Australoid"). The rather outdated names of all but one of these groups were originally derived from geography" 287: 593:
The suggested Australo-Melanesian ancestry of the original South Asian populations has long remained an open question. It was embraced by Indian anthropologists as emphasising the deep antiquity of Indian prehistory. Australo-Melanesian hunter-gatherer and fisherman tribes of the interior of India
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expounded his system of five races (Australoid, Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Congoid and Capoid) with separate origins. Based on such evidence as claiming Australoids had the largest, megadont teeth, this group was assessed by Coon as being the most archaic and therefore the most primitive and backward.
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The Pan-Asian genome project concluded that Negrito populations in Malaysia and the Negrito populations in the Philippines were more closely related to non-Negrito local populations, rather than to each other, highlighting the non-existence of a distinct Australo-Melanesian grouping.
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stated: "The belief in “races” as natural aspects of human biology, and the structures of inequality (racism) that emerge from such beliefs, are among the most damaging elements in the human experience both today and in the past."
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The term "Australoid" was coined in ethnology in the mid 19th century, describing tribes or populations "of the type of native Australians". The term "Australioid race" was introduced by
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Terms associated with outdated notions of racial types, such as those ending in "-oid" have come to be seen as potentially offensive and related to
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under the Australoid category, specifically "in a well-marked form" among the hill tribes of the Deccan Plateau. Huxley further classified the
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ancestry are certain Munda-speaking groups (Munda, Bonda, Gadaba, Santals) and certain Dravidian-speaking groups (Maria, Muria, Gond, Oroan).
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Wagner, Jennifer K.; Yu, Joon-Ho; Ifekwunigwe, Jayne O.; Harrell, Tanya M.; Bamshad, Michael J.; Royal, Charmaine D. (February 2017).
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names the tribes of Chota Nagpur, the Baiga, Gond, Bhil, Santal and Oroan tribes; counted as of partial Australoid and partial
2169: 2033: 1983: 1968: 1606: 1406: 579:) were also suggested by some to belong to the Australo-Melanesian group, but there were controversies about this inclusion. 2193: 1411: 582:
The inclusion of Indian tribes in the group was not well-defined, and was closely related to the question of the original
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Coon's methods and conclusions were later discredited and show either a "poor understanding of human cultural history and
2093: 1758: 1013: 292: 1808: 1773: 1723: 1260: 827: 2225: 2119: 1938: 1393: 127:, and Australoid) was introduced in the 18th century and further developed by Western scholars in the context of " 1903: 1853: 1625: 2275: 2043: 1868: 1556: 1436: 1376: 50: 913:
Huxley, Thomas. On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind. 1870. 14 August 2006.
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Huxley, Thomas On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind. 1870. August 14, 2006
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concludes in 2016: "he answer to the question whether races exist in humans is clear and unambiguous: no."
2326: 2078: 1833: 1693: 177: 77: 2217: 2073: 2053: 1998: 1630: 1053: 794: 587: 169: 1858: 2270: 1988: 1953: 1768: 1298: 726: 247: 100:), there was controversy about the inclusion of the various Southeast Asian populations grouped as " 1978: 1933: 1883: 1828: 1713: 1708: 924: 569: 565: 109: 683:
In 1953, the Australoid race were believed to be part of the "Archaic Caucasoid race", along with
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South Indian tribes specifically described as having Australo-Melanesian affinities include the
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Templeton, A. (2016). "Evolution and Notions of Human Race". In Losos, J.; Lenski, R. (eds.).
981: 975: 954: 948: 876: 760: 710: 704: 669: 645: 583: 275: 139:, the concept of distinct human races in a biological sense has become obsolete. In 2019, the 1134: 856: 754: 2068: 2063: 2038: 2018: 1783: 1494: 1306: 1235: 1219: 1169: 1126: 1039: 402: 398: 259: 2103: 2058: 1948: 1918: 1793: 1778: 1718: 1655: 1551: 1017: 807: 603: 595: 442: 236: 93: 617:
themselves have been claimed as originally of Australo-Melanesian stock, a view held by
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That this view reflects the consensus among American anthropologists is stated in:
653: 641: 629: 625: 541: 537: 455: 239:; their hair as usually silky, black and wavy or curly, with large, heavy jaws and 1672: 928: 914: 902: 1345: 1085: 870: 709:
After discussing various criteria used in biology to define subspecies or races,
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is used for morphological features characteristic of Aboriginal Australians by
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The concept of dividing humankind into three, four or five races (often called
17: 2295: 2285: 2003: 1908: 1738: 1728: 1698: 1541: 1509: 1474: 1416: 1311: 1286: 1191: 1163: 731: 614: 606:(1923) following Vincenzo Giuffrida-Ruggeri (1913) recognises a Pre-Dravidian 549: 491: 464: 317: 157: 66: 1320: 1231: 243:, with skin the color of chocolate and irises which are dark brown or black. 1546: 772: 561: 409: 268: 264: 205: 120: 116: 105: 58: 54: 1328: 1249: 1173: 756:
Ethnobotany of India, Volume 5: The Indo-Gangetic Region and Central India
212:, and Australioid). His original model included the native inhabitants of 2265: 1645: 673: 657: 360: 136: 1568: 1563: 1529: 1504: 1421: 1223: 525: 438: 378: 341: 335: 286: 209: 165: 124: 101: 97: 929:
On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind
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On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind
1635: 1449: 787:"Cranial Morphology of the Vedda people - the indigenes of Sri Lanka" 649: 633: 533: 500: 213: 128: 1287:"The Human Genetic History of East Asia: Weaving a Complex Tapestry" 1168:. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 346–361. 786: 586:, and the possible shared ancestry between Indian, Andamanese, and 826:
American Association of Physical Anthropologists (27 March 2019).
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An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus
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How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society
953:. Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 131–133. 2121:
An Essay upon the Causes of the Different Colours of People
1208:"Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics" 1285:
Stoneking, Mark; Delfin, Frederick (23 February 2010).
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Mhaiske, Vinod M., Patil, Vinayak K., Narkhede, S. S.,
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The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy
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The Journal of the Indian archipelago and eastern Asia
875:. Krieger Publishing Company. pp. 20, 128, 267. 753:
Pullaiah, T; Krishnamurthy, KV; Bahadur, Bir (2017).
532:(from the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean), the 2253: 2112: 1681: 1579: 1435: 1392: 942: 940: 156:in 1870 to refer to certain peoples indigenous to 141:American Association of Biological Anthropologists 61:. Controversially, some groups found in parts of 1265:American Association of Physical Anthropologists 1257:American Association of Physical Anthropologists 832:American Association of Physical Anthropologists 1110:Anthropology of B.S. Guha: a centenary tribute 2147:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races 1361: 933:Journal of the Ethnological Society of London 8: 2139:Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question 1368: 1354: 1346: 821: 819: 817: 564:tribal populations in the interior of the 2163:The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century 1310: 1239: 1212:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 980:. Taylor and Francis Group. p. 127. 701:Genetic studies on Indigenous Australians 1084:Sarat Chandra Roy (Ral Bahadur) (2000). 285: 246:The term "Proto-Australoid" was used by 235:Huxley (1870) described Australioids as 1147:Beals, Ralph L.; Hoijer, Harry (1953). 1010:"Ask Oxford – Definition of Australoid" 748: 746: 742: 232:(northern Europeans) and Australioids. 1754:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon 950:Race and racism : an Introduction 803: 792: 590:populations of the Upper Paleolithic. 974:Black, Sue; Ferguson, Eilidh (2011). 196:) racial group was first proposed by 7: 2306:Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness 1261:"AAPA Statement on Race and Racism" 977:Forensic Anthropology: 2000 to 2010 828:"AAPA Statement on Race and Racism" 1151:. New York: The Macmillan Company. 695:Criticism based on modern genetics 25: 2211:The Myth of the Twentieth Century 2131:The Outline of History of Mankind 1123:Forest Tribology And Anthropology 1108:R. R. Bhattacharya et al. (eds., 27:Outdated grouping of human beings 2179:Heredity in Relation to Eugenics 554:ethnic groups in the Philippines 53:of various people indigenous to 1149:An Introduction to Anthropology 2332:Historical definitions of race 2171:Race Life of the Aryan Peoples 1377:Historical definitions of race 69:were also sometimes included. 1: 2195:The Passing of the Great Race 560:of Sri Lanka and a number of 540:peoples (from Malaysia), the 2094:Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer 1014:Oxford Dictionary of English 524:The populations grouped as " 293:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon 72:While most authors included 1809:Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt 1774:Houston Stewart Chamberlain 1724:Johann Friedrich Blumenbach 2353: 947:Fluehr-Lobban, C. (2005). 698: 135:. With the rise of modern 108:tribal populations of the 1904:Georges Vacher de Lapouge 1383: 1312:10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.052 759:. CRC Press. p. 26. 594:were identified with the 271:for a racialist agenda." 2276:History of anthropometry 2044:Charles Gabriel Seligman 1869:Frederick Ludwig Hoffman 1557:Sinodonty and Sundadonty 1090:. A. K. Bose. p. 59 1087:Man in India - Volume 80 872:Anthropological Glossary 2337:Biological anthropology 1734:Daniel Garrison Brinton 869:Pearson, Roger (1985). 2079:Thomas Griffith Taylor 1834:Reginald Ruggles Gates 1174:10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26 1040:Coon, Carleton Stevens 1016:. 2018. Archived from 802:Cite journal requires 574:Austroasiatic-speaking 521: 228:) as a mixture of the 178:Daniel John Cunningham 148:Terminological history 78:Aboriginal Australians 2219:Annihilation of Caste 2123:in Different Climates 2074:William Graham Sumner 2054:Samuel Stanhope Smith 1999:James Cowles Prichard 1631:Racial discrimination 1054:The Macmillan Company 785:Kulatilake, Samanti. 544:(from Thailand), the 289: 252:Racial History of Man 192:, with an additional 170:physical anthropology 2271:Great chain of being 1989:Ludwig Hermann Plate 1954:Samuel George Morton 1769:Samuel A. Cartwright 1619:in the United States 1131:The Peoples of Assam 1129:. Bhuban Mohan Das, 727:Austronesian peoples 552:, and certain other 248:Roland Burrage Dixon 182:Text-book of Anatomy 131:" during the age of 31:Australo-Melanesians 2227:The Races of Europe 2155:The Races of Europe 1934:Dominick McCausland 1884:Thomas Henry Huxley 1829:Stanley Marion Garn 1709:Robert Bennett Bean 1437:Historical concepts 1303:2010CBio...20.R188S 1045:The Races of Europe 613:Alternatively, the 566:Indian subcontinent 256:The Origin of Races 110:Indian subcontinent 51:historical grouping 2099:Alexander Winchell 2029:Henric Sanielevici 1889:Calvin Ira Kephart 1859:Hans F. K. GĂŒnther 1844:Arthur de Gobineau 1744:Alice Mossie Brues 1641:Racial stereotypes 1224:10.1002/ajpa.23120 851:J.R. Logan (ed.), 619:Biraja Sankar Guha 610:stratum in India. 570:Dravidian-speaking 522: 418: North Mongol 226:Mediterranean race 104:", or a number of 39:Australomelanesoid 2314: 2313: 2243:The Race Question 2089:John H. Van Evrie 2014:William Z. Ripley 1984:Charles Pickering 1929:Felix von Luschan 1899:Robert E. Kuttner 1799:Charles Davenport 1668:Whiteness studies 1394:Color terminology 1386:Scientific racism 1259:(27 March 2019). 1183:978-1-4008-8138-3 1072:Prehistoric India 711:Alan R. Templeton 705:Race and genetics 687:, Dravidians and 598:described in the 584:peopling of India 520: 519: 276:scientific racism 129:racist ideologies 49:) is an outdated 16:(Redirected from 2344: 2122: 2069:Lothrop Stoddard 2064:Morris Steggerda 2039:Ilse Schwidetzky 2034:Heinrich Schmidt 2019:Alfred Rosenberg 1979:Isaac La PeyrĂšre 1784:Carleton S. Coon 1759:Charles Caldwell 1714:François Bernier 1597:in Latin America 1370: 1363: 1356: 1347: 1341: 1340: 1314: 1297:(4): R188–R193. 1282: 1276: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1253: 1243: 1202: 1196: 1195: 1159: 1153: 1152: 1144: 1138: 1119: 1113: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1097: 1095: 1081: 1075: 1068: 1062: 1061: 1036: 1030: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1006: 1000: 998: 996: 994: 971: 965: 964: 944: 935: 922: 916: 911: 905: 900: 894: 893: 891: 889: 866: 860: 849: 843: 842: 840: 838: 823: 812: 811: 805: 800: 798: 790: 782: 776: 770: 750: 664:of Malabar, the 608:Australo-Veddaic 511: 498: 489: 480: 471: 462: 449: 436: 423: 417: 396: 385: 376: 367: 358: 349: 333: 324: 315: 303: 302: 224:(Peoples of the 47:Australioid race 21: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2343: 2342: 2341: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2310: 2249: 2187:Castes in India 2108: 2104:Ludwig Woltmann 2059:Herbert Spencer 1949:Lewis H. Morgan 1919:Cesare Lombroso 1794:Jan Czekanowski 1779:Sonia Mary Cole 1719:Renato Biasutti 1677: 1656:Nazism and race 1575: 1552:Proto-Mongoloid 1431: 1388: 1379: 1374: 1344: 1291:Current Biology 1284: 1283: 1279: 1269: 1267: 1255: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1184: 1161: 1160: 1156: 1146: 1145: 1141: 1120: 1116: 1107: 1103: 1093: 1091: 1083: 1082: 1078: 1069: 1065: 1038: 1037: 1033: 1023: 1021: 1020:on 27 June 2018 1008: 1007: 1003: 992: 990: 988: 973: 972: 968: 961: 946: 945: 938: 923: 919: 912: 908: 901: 897: 887: 885: 883: 868: 867: 863: 850: 846: 836: 834: 825: 824: 815: 801: 791: 784: 783: 779: 767: 752: 751: 744: 740: 723: 707: 697: 648:of Kerala, the 604:Panchanan Mitra 596:Nishada Kingdom 528:", such as the 516: 509: 507: 496: 494: 487: 485: 478: 476: 469: 467: 460: 458: 447: 445: 434: 432: 421: 419: 415: 405: 394: 391: 390: 383: 381: 374: 372: 365: 363: 356: 354: 347: 339: 338: 331: 329: 322: 320: 313: 301: 284: 237:dolichocephalic 150: 94:Solomon Islands 33:(also known as 28: 23: 22: 18:Australoid race 15: 12: 11: 5: 2350: 2348: 2340: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2319: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2309: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2248: 2247: 2239: 2231: 2223: 2215: 2207: 2199: 2191: 2183: 2175: 2167: 2159: 2157:(Ripley, 1899) 2151: 2143: 2135: 2127: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2109: 2107: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2049:Giuseppe Sergi 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2009:Gustaf Retzius 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1959:Josiah C. Nott 1956: 1951: 1946: 1944:Ashley Montagu 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1924:Bertil Lundman 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1874:Earnest Hooton 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1839:George Gliddon 1836: 1831: 1826: 1824:Francis Galton 1821: 1816: 1814:AntĂ©nor Firmin 1811: 1806: 1804:Joseph Deniker 1801: 1796: 1791: 1789:Georges Cuvier 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1678: 1676: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1664: 1663: 1661:Racial hygiene 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1628: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1604: 1594: 1585: 1583: 1577: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1554: 1544: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1452: 1447: 1441: 1439: 1433: 1432: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1398: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1373: 1372: 1365: 1358: 1350: 1343: 1342: 1277: 1218:(2): 318–327. 1197: 1192:j.ctv7h0s6j.26 1182: 1154: 1139: 1114: 1112:(1996), p. 50. 1101: 1076: 1074:(1923), p. 48. 1063: 1031: 1001: 986: 966: 959: 936: 917: 906: 895: 881: 861: 844: 813: 804:|journal= 777: 765: 741: 739: 736: 735: 734: 729: 722: 719: 696: 693: 621:among others. 518: 517: 508: 495: 486: 477: 468: 459: 446: 433: 420: 414: 406: 393: 382: 373: 364: 355: 346: 330: 321: 312: 290: 283: 280: 267:or his use of 162:Southeast Asia 149: 146: 63:Southeast Asia 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2349: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2327:Pseudoscience 2325: 2324: 2322: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2281:Miscegenation 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2118: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2084:Paul Topinard 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2024:Benjamin Rush 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1994:Alfred Ploetz 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1974:Oscar Peschel 1972: 1970: 1969:Roger Pearson 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1939:John Mitchell 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1914:Carl Linnaeus 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1879:Julian Huxley 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1864:Ernst Haeckel 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1849:Madison Grant 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1819:Eugen Fischer 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1764:Petrus Camper 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1689:Louis Agassiz 1687: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1587: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1520:Mediterranean 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1382: 1378: 1371: 1366: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1281: 1278: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1201: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1158: 1155: 1150: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1118: 1115: 1111: 1105: 1102: 1089: 1088: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1067: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1041: 1035: 1032: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1005: 1002: 989: 987:9781439845899 983: 979: 978: 970: 967: 962: 960:9780759107953 956: 952: 951: 943: 941: 937: 934: 930: 926: 925:Huxley, T. H. 921: 918: 915: 910: 907: 904: 899: 896: 884: 882:9780898745108 878: 874: 873: 865: 862: 858: 854: 848: 845: 833: 829: 822: 820: 818: 814: 809: 796: 788: 781: 778: 774: 768: 766:9781351741316 762: 758: 757: 749: 747: 743: 737: 733: 730: 728: 725: 724: 720: 718: 714: 712: 706: 702: 694: 692: 690: 686: 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 622: 620: 616: 611: 609: 605: 601: 597: 591: 589: 585: 580: 578: 577:Munda peoples 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 515: 506: 502: 493: 484: 475: 466: 457: 453: 444: 440: 431: 427: 412: 411: 407: 404: 400: 389: 380: 371: 362: 353: 352:African Negro 344: 343: 337: 328: 319: 310: 309: 305: 304: 299: 295: 294: 288: 282:Controversies 281: 279: 277: 272: 270: 266: 261: 260:Carleton Coon 257: 253: 249: 244: 242: 238: 233: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 198:Thomas Huxley 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 154:Thomas Huxley 147: 145: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 113: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 90:New Caledonia 87: 84:(mainly from 83: 79: 75: 70: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 36: 35:Australasians 32: 19: 2261:Ethnogenesis 2242: 2234: 2229:(Coon, 1939) 2226: 2218: 2210: 2202: 2194: 2186: 2178: 2170: 2162: 2154: 2146: 2138: 2130: 2120: 2113:Publications 1964:Karl Pearson 1854:John Grattan 1749:Halfdan Bryn 1614:in Singapore 1581:Sociological 1444: 1294: 1290: 1280: 1268:. Retrieved 1264: 1215: 1211: 1200: 1164: 1157: 1148: 1142: 1130: 1122: 1117: 1109: 1104: 1092:. Retrieved 1086: 1079: 1071: 1066: 1044: 1034: 1022:. Retrieved 1018:the original 1004: 991:. Retrieved 976: 969: 949: 932: 920: 909: 898: 886:. Retrieved 871: 864: 852: 847: 835:. Retrieved 831: 795:cite journal 780: 755: 715: 708: 682: 623: 612: 607: 592: 581: 562:dark-skinned 558:Vedda people 542:Maniq people 523: 408: 387: 340: 306: 298:ethnographic 296:(1885–1890) 291: 273: 255: 251: 245: 234: 201: 200:in an essay 193: 189: 185: 181: 173: 151: 114: 106:dark-skinned 71: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 29: 2301:Pre-Adamite 2291:Multiracial 1894:Robert Knox 1704:John Beddoe 1651:Master race 1607:in Colombia 1495:East Baltic 1056:. pp.  600:Mahabharata 572:tribes and 546:Aeta people 492:Micronesian 430:Indochinese 254:(1923). In 241:prognathism 230:Xanthochroi 222:Melanochroi 186:Australioid 184:(1902). An 133:colonialism 82:Melanesians 2321:Categories 2296:Polygenism 2286:Monogenism 2004:Otto Reche 1909:Fritz Lenz 1739:Paul Broca 1729:Franz Boas 1699:Erwin Baur 1694:John Baker 1588:By region 1445:Australoid 1254:See also: 1070:P. Mitra, 888:2 February 738:References 732:Orang Asli 699:See also: 615:Dravidians 550:Ati people 530:Andamanese 474:Polynesian 392:Uncertain: 388:Australoid 370:Melanesian 174:Australoid 67:South Asia 43:Australoid 1673:NĂ©gritude 1602:in Brazil 1547:Mongoloid 1455:Caucasoid 1321:0960-9822 1232:0002-9483 931:" (1870) 773:Mongoloid 670:Kannikars 410:Mongoloid 403:Sinhalese 308:Caucasoid 269:ethnology 265:evolution 206:Mongoloid 121:Mongoloid 117:Caucasoid 59:Australia 55:Melanesia 2266:Eugenics 1646:Colorism 1592:in India 1500:Ethiopid 1480:Atlantid 1470:Armenoid 1337:18777315 1329:20178766 1250:27874171 1133:(1987), 1125:(2016), 1050:New York 1042:(1939). 855:(1859), 721:See also 678:Chenchus 674:Muthuvan 662:Paniyans 658:Nilgiris 588:Sahulian 514:American 443:Japanese 361:Khoikhoi 258:(1962), 137:genetics 2254:Related 1682:Writers 1626:Passing 1569:Negrito 1564:Negroid 1535:Turanid 1530:Semites 1505:Hamites 1490:Dinaric 1485:Caspian 1299:Bibcode 1270:19 June 1241:5299519 1024:28 June 837:19 June 656:of the 650:Kurumba 526:Negrito 456:Burmese 452:Tibetan 426:Chinese 399:Dravida 379:Negrito 342:Negroid 336:Hamitic 327:Semitic 250:in his 210:Negroid 180:in his 166:Oceania 125:Negroid 102:Negrito 98:Vanuatu 74:Papuans 37:or the 2245:(1950) 2237:(1943) 2221:(1936) 2213:(1930) 2205:(1920) 2197:(1916) 2189:(1916) 2181:(1911) 2173:(1907) 2165:(1899) 2149:(1855) 2141:(1849) 2133:(1785) 2125:(1744) 1636:Racism 1525:Nordic 1515:Iranid 1465:Arabid 1460:Alpine 1450:Capoid 1407:Bronze 1335:  1327:  1319:  1248:  1238:  1230:  1190:  1180:  1094:21 May 993:3 July 984:  957:  879:  763:  689:Veddas 666:Uralis 660:, the 646:Kadars 644:, the 634:Santal 568:(some 556:, the 548:, the 534:Semang 512:  510:  503:& 501:Eskimo 499:  497:  490:  488:  481:  479:  472:  470:  463:  461:  454:& 450:  448:  441:& 439:Korean 437:  435:  428:& 424:  422:  416:  401:& 397:  395:  386:  384:  377:  375:  368:  366:  359:  357:  350:  348:  334:  332:  325:  323:  318:Aryans 316:  314:  214:Deccan 1542:Malay 1510:Indid 1475:Aryan 1427:White 1417:Olive 1412:Brown 1402:Black 1333:S2CID 1188:JSTOR 1135:p. 78 1060:–431. 857:p. 68 685:Ainus 654:Irula 642:Gondi 630:Munda 626:Oraon 538:Batek 505:Inuit 483:Maori 465:Malay 218:India 168:. In 158:South 1325:PMID 1317:ISSN 1272:2020 1246:PMID 1228:ISSN 1178:ISBN 1127:p. 5 1096:2018 1026:2018 995:2018 982:ISBN 955:ISBN 890:2018 877:ISBN 839:2020 808:help 761:ISBN 703:and 676:and 652:and 638:Bhil 536:and 164:and 160:and 96:and 86:Fiji 80:and 65:and 57:and 1422:Red 1307:doi 1236:PMC 1220:doi 1216:162 1170:doi 1058:425 602:. 300:map 216:in 194:-i- 190:sic 45:or 2323:: 1331:. 1323:. 1315:. 1305:. 1295:20 1293:. 1289:. 1263:. 1244:. 1234:. 1226:. 1214:. 1210:. 1186:. 1176:. 1052:: 1048:. 1012:. 939:^ 830:. 816:^ 799:: 797:}} 793:{{ 745:^ 691:. 680:. 672:, 668:, 640:, 636:, 632:, 628:, 278:. 208:, 172:, 123:, 119:, 112:. 92:, 88:, 76:, 41:, 1369:e 1362:t 1355:v 1339:. 1309:: 1301:: 1274:. 1252:. 1222:: 1194:. 1172:: 1137:. 1098:. 1028:. 997:. 963:. 927:" 892:. 859:. 841:. 810:) 806:( 789:. 769:. 413:: 345:: 311:: 188:( 20:)

Index

Australoid race
historical grouping
Melanesia
Australia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Papuans
Aboriginal Australians
Melanesians
Fiji
New Caledonia
Solomon Islands
Vanuatu
Negrito
dark-skinned
Indian subcontinent
Caucasoid
Mongoloid
Negroid
racist ideologies
colonialism
genetics
American Association of Biological Anthropologists
Thomas Huxley
South
Southeast Asia
Oceania
physical anthropology
Daniel John Cunningham
Thomas Huxley

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