999:"There are considered to be four basic ancestry groups into which an individual can be placed by physical appearance, not accounting for admixture: the sub-Saharan African group ("Negroid"), the European group ("Caucasoid"), the Central Asian group ("Mongoloid"), and the Australasian group ("Australoid"). The rather outdated names of all but one of these groups were originally derived from geography"
287:
593:
The suggested
Australo-Melanesian ancestry of the original South Asian populations has long remained an open question. It was embraced by Indian anthropologists as emphasising the deep antiquity of Indian prehistory. Australo-Melanesian hunter-gatherer and fisherman tribes of the interior of India
262:
expounded his system of five races (Australoid, Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Congoid and Capoid) with separate origins. Based on such evidence as claiming
Australoids had the largest, megadont teeth, this group was assessed by Coon as being the most archaic and therefore the most primitive and backward.
716:
The Pan-Asian genome project concluded that
Negrito populations in Malaysia and the Negrito populations in the Philippines were more closely related to non-Negrito local populations, rather than to each other, highlighting the non-existence of a distinct Australo-Melanesian grouping.
143:
stated: "The belief in âracesâ as natural aspects of human biology, and the structures of inequality (racism) that emerge from such beliefs, are among the most damaging elements in the human experience both today and in the past."
2233:
2185:
152:
The term "Australoid" was coined in ethnology in the mid 19th century, describing tribes or populations "of the type of native
Australians". The term "Australioid race" was introduced by
1367:
2201:
140:
1256:
2145:
1360:
2137:
2161:
700:
1591:
274:
Terms associated with outdated notions of racial types, such as those ending in "-oid" have come to be seen as potentially offensive and related to
2331:
1618:
1353:
220:
under the
Australoid category, specifically "in a well-marked form" among the hill tribes of the Deccan Plateau. Huxley further classified the
1753:
1580:
775:
ancestry are certain Munda-speaking groups (Munda, Bonda, Gadaba, Santals) and certain
Dravidian-speaking groups (Maria, Muria, Gond, Oroan).
1181:
2305:
1596:
1206:
Wagner, Jennifer K.; Yu, Joon-Ho; Ifekwunigwe, Jayne O.; Harrell, Tanya M.; Bamshad, Michael J.; Royal, Charmaine D. (February 2017).
513:
1009:
2209:
2153:
985:
958:
880:
764:
2336:
2177:
553:
771:
names the tribes of Chota Nagpur, the Baiga, Gond, Bhil, Santal and Oroan tribes; counted as of partial
Australoid and partial
2169:
2033:
1983:
1968:
1606:
1406:
579:) were also suggested by some to belong to the Australo-Melanesian group, but there were controversies about this inclusion.
2193:
1411:
582:
The inclusion of Indian tribes in the group was not well-defined, and was closely related to the question of the original
263:
Coon's methods and conclusions were later discredited and show either a "poor understanding of human cultural history and
2093:
1758:
1013:
292:
1808:
1773:
1723:
1260:
827:
2225:
2119:
1938:
1393:
127:, and Australoid) was introduced in the 18th century and further developed by Western scholars in the context of "
1903:
1853:
1625:
2275:
2043:
1868:
1556:
1436:
1376:
50:
913:
Huxley, Thomas. On the
Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind. 1870. 14 August 2006.
1733:
903:
Huxley, Thomas On the
Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind. 1870. August 14, 2006
573:
429:
713:
concludes in 2016: "he answer to the question whether races exist in humans is clear and unambiguous: no."
2326:
2078:
1833:
1693:
177:
77:
2217:
2073:
2053:
1998:
1630:
1053:
794:
587:
169:
1858:
2270:
1988:
1953:
1768:
1298:
726:
247:
100:), there was controversy about the inclusion of the various Southeast Asian populations grouped as "
1978:
1933:
1883:
1828:
1713:
1708:
924:
569:
565:
109:
683:
In 1953, the
Australoid race were believed to be part of the "Archaic Caucasoid race", along with
2098:
2028:
1888:
1843:
1743:
1519:
1332:
1187:
618:
529:
225:
221:
624:
South Indian tribes specifically described as having Australo-Melanesian affinities include the
1057:
2241:
2129:
2088:
2013:
1928:
1898:
1813:
1798:
1667:
1640:
1613:
1514:
1385:
1324:
1316:
1245:
1227:
1177:
1162:
Templeton, A. (2016). "Evolution and Notions of Human Race". In Losos, J.; Lenski, R. (eds.).
981:
975:
954:
948:
876:
760:
710:
704:
669:
645:
583:
275:
139:, the concept of distinct human races in a biological sense has become obsolete. In 2019, the
1134:
856:
754:
2068:
2063:
2038:
2018:
1783:
1494:
1306:
1235:
1219:
1169:
1126:
1039:
402:
398:
259:
2103:
2058:
1948:
1918:
1793:
1778:
1718:
1655:
1551:
1017:
807:
603:
595:
442:
236:
93:
617:
themselves have been claimed as originally of Australo-Melanesian stock, a view held by
482:
1302:
2048:
2008:
1958:
1943:
1923:
1873:
1838:
1823:
1803:
1788:
1660:
1601:
1454:
1240:
1207:
677:
451:
425:
326:
307:
161:
62:
2320:
2280:
2083:
2023:
1993:
1973:
1913:
1878:
1863:
1848:
1818:
1763:
1688:
1499:
1479:
1469:
1049:
1043:
665:
661:
576:
197:
153:
89:
73:
1336:
2260:
1963:
1748:
1534:
1489:
1484:
1426:
1401:
1204:
That this view reflects the consensus among American anthropologists is stated in:
653:
641:
629:
625:
541:
537:
455:
239:; their hair as usually silky, black and wavy or curly, with large, heavy jaws and
1672:
928:
914:
902:
1345:
1085:
870:
709:
After discussing various criteria used in biology to define subspecies or races,
2300:
2290:
1893:
1703:
1650:
1524:
1464:
1459:
599:
545:
473:
369:
297:
240:
229:
176:
is used for morphological features characteristic of Aboriginal Australians by
132:
81:
204:(1870), in which he divided humanity into four principal groups (Xanthochroic,
115:
The concept of dividing humankind into three, four or five races (often called
2295:
2285:
2003:
1908:
1738:
1728:
1698:
1541:
1509:
1474:
1416:
1311:
1286:
1191:
1163:
731:
614:
606:(1923) following Vincenzo Giuffrida-Ruggeri (1913) recognises a Pre-Dravidian
549:
491:
464:
317:
157:
66:
1320:
1231:
243:, with skin the color of chocolate and irises which are dark brown or black.
1546:
772:
561:
409:
268:
264:
205:
120:
116:
105:
58:
54:
17:
1328:
1249:
1173:
756:
Ethnobotany of India, Volume 5: The Indo-Gangetic Region and Central India
212:, and Australioid). His original model included the native inhabitants of
2265:
1645:
673:
657:
360:
136:
1568:
1563:
1529:
1504:
1421:
1223:
525:
438:
378:
341:
335:
286:
209:
165:
124:
101:
97:
929:
On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind
202:
On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind
1635:
1449:
787:"Cranial Morphology of the Vedda people - the indigenes of Sri Lanka"
649:
633:
533:
500:
213:
128:
1287:"The Human Genetic History of East Asia: Weaving a Complex Tapestry"
1168:. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 346â361.
786:
586:, and the possible shared ancestry between Indian, Andamanese, and
826:
American Association of Physical Anthropologists (27 March 2019).
688:
684:
557:
504:
351:
217:
2235:
An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus
637:
85:
1349:
1165:
How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society
953:. Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 131â133.
2121:
An Essay upon the Causes of the Different Colours of People
1208:"Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics"
1285:
Stoneking, Mark; Delfin, Frederick (23 February 2010).
1121:
Mhaiske, Vinod M., Patil, Vinayak K., Narkhede, S. S.,
2203:
The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy
853:
The Journal of the Indian archipelago and eastern Asia
875:. Krieger Publishing Company. pp. 20, 128, 267.
753:
Pullaiah, T; Krishnamurthy, KV; Bahadur, Bir (2017).
532:(from the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean), the
2253:
2112:
1681:
1579:
1435:
1392:
942:
940:
156:in 1870 to refer to certain peoples indigenous to
141:American Association of Biological Anthropologists
61:. Controversially, some groups found in parts of
1265:American Association of Physical Anthropologists
1257:American Association of Physical Anthropologists
832:American Association of Physical Anthropologists
1110:Anthropology of B.S. Guha: a centenary tribute
2147:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races
1361:
933:Journal of the Ethnological Society of London
8:
2139:Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question
1368:
1354:
1346:
821:
819:
817:
564:tribal populations in the interior of the
2163:The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century
1310:
1239:
1212:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
980:. Taylor and Francis Group. p. 127.
701:Genetic studies on Indigenous Australians
1084:Sarat Chandra Roy (Ral Bahadur) (2000).
285:
246:The term "Proto-Australoid" was used by
235:Huxley (1870) described Australioids as
1147:Beals, Ralph L.; Hoijer, Harry (1953).
1010:"Ask Oxford â Definition of Australoid"
748:
746:
742:
232:(northern Europeans) and Australioids.
1754:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
950:Race and racism : an Introduction
803:
792:
590:populations of the Upper Paleolithic.
974:Black, Sue; Ferguson, Eilidh (2011).
196:) racial group was first proposed by
7:
2306:Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness
1261:"AAPA Statement on Race and Racism"
977:Forensic Anthropology: 2000 to 2010
828:"AAPA Statement on Race and Racism"
1151:. New York: The Macmillan Company.
695:Criticism based on modern genetics
25:
2211:The Myth of the Twentieth Century
2131:The Outline of History of Mankind
1123:Forest Tribology And Anthropology
1108:R. R. Bhattacharya et al. (eds.,
27:Outdated grouping of human beings
2179:Heredity in Relation to Eugenics
554:ethnic groups in the Philippines
53:of various people indigenous to
1149:An Introduction to Anthropology
2332:Historical definitions of race
2171:Race Life of the Aryan Peoples
1377:Historical definitions of race
69:were also sometimes included.
1:
2195:The Passing of the Great Race
560:of Sri Lanka and a number of
540:peoples (from Malaysia), the
2094:Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer
1014:Oxford Dictionary of English
524:The populations grouped as "
293:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
72:While most authors included
1809:Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt
1774:Houston Stewart Chamberlain
1724:Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
2353:
947:Fluehr-Lobban, C. (2005).
698:
135:. With the rise of modern
108:tribal populations of the
1904:Georges Vacher de Lapouge
1383:
1312:10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.052
759:. CRC Press. p. 26.
594:were identified with the
271:for a racialist agenda."
2276:History of anthropometry
2044:Charles Gabriel Seligman
1869:Frederick Ludwig Hoffman
1557:Sinodonty and Sundadonty
1090:. A. K. Bose. p. 59
1087:Man in India - Volume 80
872:Anthropological Glossary
2337:Biological anthropology
1734:Daniel Garrison Brinton
869:Pearson, Roger (1985).
2079:Thomas Griffith Taylor
1834:Reginald Ruggles Gates
1174:10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26
1040:Coon, Carleton Stevens
1016:. 2018. Archived from
802:Cite journal requires
574:Austroasiatic-speaking
521:
228:) as a mixture of the
178:Daniel John Cunningham
148:Terminological history
78:Aboriginal Australians
2219:Annihilation of Caste
2123:in Different Climates
2074:William Graham Sumner
2054:Samuel Stanhope Smith
1999:James Cowles Prichard
1631:Racial discrimination
1054:The Macmillan Company
785:Kulatilake, Samanti.
544:(from Thailand), the
289:
252:Racial History of Man
192:, with an additional
170:physical anthropology
2271:Great chain of being
1989:Ludwig Hermann Plate
1954:Samuel George Morton
1769:Samuel A. Cartwright
1619:in the United States
1131:The Peoples of Assam
1129:. Bhuban Mohan Das,
727:Austronesian peoples
552:, and certain other
248:Roland Burrage Dixon
182:Text-book of Anatomy
131:" during the age of
31:Australo-Melanesians
2227:The Races of Europe
2155:The Races of Europe
1934:Dominick McCausland
1884:Thomas Henry Huxley
1829:Stanley Marion Garn
1709:Robert Bennett Bean
1437:Historical concepts
1303:2010CBio...20.R188S
1045:The Races of Europe
613:Alternatively, the
566:Indian subcontinent
256:The Origin of Races
110:Indian subcontinent
51:historical grouping
2099:Alexander Winchell
2029:Henric Sanielevici
1889:Calvin Ira Kephart
1859:Hans F. K. GĂŒnther
1844:Arthur de Gobineau
1744:Alice Mossie Brues
1641:Racial stereotypes
1224:10.1002/ajpa.23120
851:J.R. Logan (ed.),
619:Biraja Sankar Guha
610:stratum in India.
570:Dravidian-speaking
522:
418: North Mongol
226:Mediterranean race
104:", or a number of
39:Australomelanesoid
2314:
2313:
2243:The Race Question
2089:John H. Van Evrie
2014:William Z. Ripley
1984:Charles Pickering
1929:Felix von Luschan
1899:Robert E. Kuttner
1799:Charles Davenport
1668:Whiteness studies
1394:Color terminology
1386:Scientific racism
1259:(27 March 2019).
1183:978-1-4008-8138-3
1072:Prehistoric India
711:Alan R. Templeton
705:Race and genetics
687:, Dravidians and
598:described in the
584:peopling of India
520:
519:
276:scientific racism
129:racist ideologies
49:) is an outdated
16:(Redirected from
2344:
2122:
2069:Lothrop Stoddard
2064:Morris Steggerda
2039:Ilse Schwidetzky
2034:Heinrich Schmidt
2019:Alfred Rosenberg
1979:Isaac La PeyrĂšre
1784:Carleton S. Coon
1759:Charles Caldwell
1714:François Bernier
1597:in Latin America
1370:
1363:
1356:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1314:
1297:(4): R188âR193.
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1253:
1243:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1144:
1138:
1119:
1113:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1081:
1075:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1006:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
971:
965:
964:
944:
935:
922:
916:
911:
905:
900:
894:
893:
891:
889:
866:
860:
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
823:
812:
811:
805:
800:
798:
790:
782:
776:
770:
750:
664:of Malabar, the
608:Australo-Veddaic
511:
498:
489:
480:
471:
462:
449:
436:
423:
417:
396:
385:
376:
367:
358:
349:
333:
324:
315:
303:
302:
224:(Peoples of the
47:Australioid race
21:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2249:
2187:Castes in India
2108:
2104:Ludwig Woltmann
2059:Herbert Spencer
1949:Lewis H. Morgan
1919:Cesare Lombroso
1794:Jan Czekanowski
1779:Sonia Mary Cole
1719:Renato Biasutti
1677:
1656:Nazism and race
1575:
1552:Proto-Mongoloid
1431:
1388:
1379:
1374:
1344:
1291:Current Biology
1284:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1255:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1184:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1120:
1116:
1107:
1103:
1093:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1069:
1065:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1020:on 27 June 2018
1008:
1007:
1003:
992:
990:
988:
973:
972:
968:
961:
946:
945:
938:
923:
919:
912:
908:
901:
897:
887:
885:
883:
868:
867:
863:
850:
846:
836:
834:
825:
824:
815:
801:
791:
784:
783:
779:
767:
752:
751:
744:
740:
723:
707:
697:
648:of Kerala, the
604:Panchanan Mitra
596:Nishada Kingdom
528:", such as the
516:
509:
507:
496:
494:
487:
485:
478:
476:
469:
467:
460:
458:
447:
445:
434:
432:
421:
419:
415:
405:
394:
391:
390:
383:
381:
374:
372:
365:
363:
356:
354:
347:
339:
338:
331:
329:
322:
320:
313:
301:
284:
237:dolichocephalic
150:
94:Solomon Islands
33:(also known as
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2350:
2348:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2319:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2157:(Ripley, 1899)
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2049:Giuseppe Sergi
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2009:Gustaf Retzius
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1959:Josiah C. Nott
1956:
1951:
1946:
1944:Ashley Montagu
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1924:Bertil Lundman
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1874:Earnest Hooton
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1839:George Gliddon
1836:
1831:
1826:
1824:Francis Galton
1821:
1816:
1814:Anténor Firmin
1811:
1806:
1804:Joseph Deniker
1801:
1796:
1791:
1789:Georges Cuvier
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1661:Racial hygiene
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1594:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1350:
1343:
1342:
1277:
1218:(2): 318â327.
1197:
1192:j.ctv7h0s6j.26
1182:
1154:
1139:
1114:
1112:(1996), p. 50.
1101:
1076:
1074:(1923), p. 48.
1063:
1031:
1001:
986:
966:
959:
936:
917:
906:
895:
881:
861:
844:
813:
804:|journal=
777:
765:
741:
739:
736:
735:
734:
729:
722:
719:
696:
693:
621:among others.
518:
517:
508:
495:
486:
477:
468:
459:
446:
433:
420:
414:
406:
393:
382:
373:
364:
355:
346:
330:
321:
312:
290:
283:
280:
267:or his use of
162:Southeast Asia
149:
146:
63:Southeast Asia
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2349:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:Pseudoscience
2325:
2324:
2322:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2281:Miscegenation
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:Paul Topinard
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:Benjamin Rush
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:Alfred Ploetz
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1974:Oscar Peschel
1972:
1970:
1969:Roger Pearson
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:John Mitchell
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:Carl Linnaeus
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:Julian Huxley
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:Ernst Haeckel
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1849:Madison Grant
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:Eugen Fischer
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1764:Petrus Camper
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1689:Louis Agassiz
1687:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:Mediterranean
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1002:
989:
987:9781439845899
983:
979:
978:
970:
967:
962:
960:9780759107953
956:
952:
951:
943:
941:
937:
934:
930:
926:
925:Huxley, T. H.
921:
918:
915:
910:
907:
904:
899:
896:
884:
882:9780898745108
878:
874:
873:
865:
862:
858:
854:
848:
845:
833:
829:
822:
820:
818:
814:
809:
796:
788:
781:
778:
774:
768:
766:9781351741316
762:
758:
757:
749:
747:
743:
737:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
720:
718:
714:
712:
706:
702:
694:
692:
690:
686:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
591:
589:
585:
580:
578:
577:Munda peoples
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
515:
506:
502:
493:
484:
475:
466:
457:
453:
444:
440:
431:
427:
412:
411:
407:
404:
400:
389:
380:
371:
362:
353:
352:African Negro
344:
343:
337:
328:
319:
310:
309:
305:
304:
299:
295:
294:
288:
282:Controversies
281:
279:
277:
272:
270:
266:
261:
260:Carleton Coon
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:Thomas Huxley
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
154:Thomas Huxley
147:
145:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
90:New Caledonia
87:
84:(mainly from
83:
79:
75:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
35:Australasians
32:
19:
2261:Ethnogenesis
2242:
2234:
2229:(Coon, 1939)
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2120:
2113:Publications
1964:Karl Pearson
1854:John Grattan
1749:Halfdan Bryn
1614:in Singapore
1581:Sociological
1444:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1268:. Retrieved
1264:
1215:
1211:
1200:
1164:
1157:
1148:
1142:
1130:
1122:
1117:
1109:
1104:
1092:. Retrieved
1086:
1079:
1071:
1066:
1044:
1034:
1022:. Retrieved
1018:the original
1004:
991:. Retrieved
976:
969:
949:
932:
920:
909:
898:
886:. Retrieved
871:
864:
852:
847:
835:. Retrieved
831:
795:cite journal
780:
755:
715:
708:
682:
623:
612:
607:
592:
581:
562:dark-skinned
558:Vedda people
542:Maniq people
523:
408:
387:
340:
306:
298:ethnographic
296:(1885â1890)
291:
273:
255:
251:
245:
234:
201:
200:in an essay
193:
189:
185:
181:
173:
151:
114:
106:dark-skinned
71:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
29:
18:Austric race
2301:Pre-Adamite
2291:Multiracial
1894:Robert Knox
1704:John Beddoe
1651:Master race
1607:in Colombia
1495:East Baltic
1056:. pp.
600:Mahabharata
572:tribes and
546:Aeta people
492:Micronesian
430:Indochinese
254:(1923). In
241:prognathism
230:Xanthochroi
222:Melanochroi
186:Australioid
184:(1902). An
133:colonialism
82:Melanesians
2321:Categories
2296:Polygenism
2286:Monogenism
2004:Otto Reche
1909:Fritz Lenz
1739:Paul Broca
1729:Franz Boas
1699:Erwin Baur
1694:John Baker
1588:By region
1445:Australoid
1254:See also:
1070:P. Mitra,
888:2 February
738:References
732:Orang Asli
699:See also:
615:Dravidians
550:Ati people
530:Andamanese
474:Polynesian
392:Uncertain:
388:Australoid
370:Melanesian
174:Australoid
67:South Asia
43:Australoid
1673:NĂ©gritude
1602:in Brazil
1547:Mongoloid
1455:Caucasoid
1321:0960-9822
1232:0002-9483
931:" (1870)
773:Mongoloid
670:Kannikars
410:Mongoloid
403:Sinhalese
308:Caucasoid
269:ethnology
265:evolution
206:Mongoloid
121:Mongoloid
117:Caucasoid
59:Australia
55:Melanesia
2266:Eugenics
1646:Colorism
1592:in India
1500:Ethiopid
1480:Atlantid
1470:Armenoid
1337:18777315
1329:20178766
1250:27874171
1133:(1987),
1125:(2016),
1050:New York
1042:(1939).
855:(1859),
721:See also
678:Chenchus
674:Muthuvan
662:Paniyans
658:Nilgiris
588:Sahulian
514:American
443:Japanese
361:Khoikhoi
258:(1962),
137:genetics
2254:Related
1682:Writers
1626:Passing
1569:Negrito
1564:Negroid
1535:Turanid
1530:Semites
1505:Hamites
1490:Dinaric
1485:Caspian
1299:Bibcode
1270:19 June
1241:5299519
1024:28 June
837:19 June
656:of the
650:Kurumba
526:Negrito
456:Burmese
452:Tibetan
426:Chinese
399:Dravida
379:Negrito
342:Negroid
336:Hamitic
327:Semitic
250:in his
210:Negroid
180:in his
166:Oceania
125:Negroid
102:Negrito
98:Vanuatu
74:Papuans
37:or the
2245:(1950)
2237:(1943)
2221:(1936)
2213:(1930)
2205:(1920)
2197:(1916)
2189:(1916)
2181:(1911)
2173:(1907)
2165:(1899)
2149:(1855)
2141:(1849)
2133:(1785)
2125:(1744)
1636:Racism
1525:Nordic
1515:Iranid
1465:Arabid
1460:Alpine
1450:Capoid
1407:Bronze
1335:
1327:
1319:
1248:
1238:
1230:
1190:
1180:
1094:21 May
993:3 July
984:
957:
879:
763:
689:Veddas
666:Uralis
660:, the
646:Kadars
644:, the
634:Santal
568:(some
556:, the
548:, the
534:Semang
512:
510:
503:&
501:Eskimo
499:
497:
490:
488:
481:
479:
472:
470:
463:
461:
454:&
450:
448:
441:&
439:Korean
437:
435:
428:&
424:
422:
416:
401:&
397:
395:
386:
384:
377:
375:
368:
366:
359:
357:
350:
348:
334:
332:
325:
323:
318:Aryans
316:
314:
214:Deccan
1542:Malay
1510:Indid
1475:Aryan
1427:White
1417:Olive
1412:Brown
1402:Black
1333:S2CID
1188:JSTOR
1135:p. 78
1060:â431.
857:p. 68
685:Ainus
654:Irula
642:Gondi
630:Munda
626:Oraon
538:Batek
505:Inuit
483:Maori
465:Malay
218:India
168:. In
158:South
1325:PMID
1317:ISSN
1272:2020
1246:PMID
1228:ISSN
1178:ISBN
1127:p. 5
1096:2018
1026:2018
995:2018
982:ISBN
955:ISBN
890:2018
877:ISBN
839:2020
808:help
761:ISBN
703:and
676:and
652:and
638:Bhil
536:and
164:and
160:and
96:and
86:Fiji
80:and
65:and
57:and
1422:Red
1307:doi
1236:PMC
1220:doi
1216:162
1170:doi
1058:425
602:.
300:map
216:in
194:-i-
190:sic
45:or
2323::
1331:.
1323:.
1315:.
1305:.
1295:20
1293:.
1289:.
1263:.
1244:.
1234:.
1226:.
1214:.
1210:.
1186:.
1176:.
1052::
1048:.
1012:.
939:^
830:.
816:^
799::
797:}}
793:{{
745:^
691:.
680:.
672:,
668:,
640:,
636:,
632:,
628:,
278:.
208:,
172:,
123:,
119:,
112:.
92:,
88:,
76:,
41:,
1369:e
1362:t
1355:v
1339:.
1309::
1301::
1274:.
1252:.
1222::
1194:.
1172::
1137:.
1098:.
1028:.
997:.
963:.
927:"
892:.
859:.
841:.
810:)
806:(
789:.
769:.
413::
345::
311::
188:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.