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unemployment benefits. These policies coincided with a catastrophic economic contraction. According to Angus
Maddison's estimates, unemployment peaked at 26% in 1933, failing to fall under 20% until 1937. This can be contrasted with German unemployment, which peaked at 30% in 1932 and had fallen to less than 5% by 1937. Additionally, real GDP collapsed, not returning to pre-1929 levels until 1937.
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Whether the
Federal State could be considered genuinely fascist is debatable. Although it was authoritarian and used fascist-like symbols, it never achieved broad support among Austrians. Its most prominent policy was an embrace of Catholicism, and its economic and social policies bear only a passing
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But—and it was an important "but"—the terror never reached anything like the repressive force of the Nazi terror. Most of those arrested promptly got out of jail again. Even at its most extreme phase, it was difficult to take the
Schuschnigg dictatorship completely seriously, although Schutzbunders
1633:
on 3 March 1938 had stated that the German claims to
Austria were justified, Schuschnigg started a last attempt to retain Austrian autonomy by scheduling a nationwide referendum on 13 March. As part of his effort to ensure victory, he released the Social Democratic leaders from prison and gained
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played a large role in the nation's definition of
Austrian history and identity, alienating German culture. Unlike Hitler's comparatively secular regime, the Catholic Church was given a prominent voice in a variety of issues. The state de-secularized schools in education, requiring religious
1493:
One of the reasons for the failure of the putsch was
Italian intervention: Mussolini assembled an army corps of four divisions on the Austrian border and threatened Hitler with a war with Italy in the event of a German invasion of Austria as originally planned, should the coup have been more
1634:
their support in return for dismantling the one-party state and legalizing the socialist trade unions. Hitler reacted with the mobilization of
Wehrmacht troops at the Austrian border and demanded the appointment of Seyss-Inquart as Austrian chancellor. On 11 March Austrian Nazis stormed the
1551:
The
Federal State pursued harsh deflationary policies to balance the currency. It also cut spending drastically, and high interest rates were the norm. The budget deficit was slashed from over 200 million shillings to less than 50 million. By 1936, only 50% of the unemployed were receiving
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of 1935–36, when
Mussolini, internationally isolated, approached Hitler. Though Schuschnigg tried to improve relations with Nazi Germany by amnestying several Austrian Nazis and accepting them in the Fatherland's Front, he had no chance to prevail against the
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wrote in 1940 that the state "assaulted the rights of citizens in a fantastic manner", noting that in 1934 the police raided 106,000 homes in Vienna and made 38,141 arrests of Nazis, social democrats, liberals and communists. He added, however:
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was recast into a severely authoritarian and corporatist document by a rump
National Council. Direct parliamentary elections were abolished. Instead, deputies were nominated by four non-elective, corporatist-styled councils – the State Council
225:
1651:, though President Miklas avoided signing the law by resigning immediately, only for Seyss-Inquart to take over as acting President and sign the Anschluss bill into law. Two days later in his speech at the Vienna
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and had the following meeting on 15 March forcibly prorogued by the forces of the Vienna police department. From then onward, Dollfuss governed by emergency decree. His fellow CS party member, President
1614:, only to be confronted with an ultimatum to readmit the Nazi Party and to appoint Seyss-Inquart and Glaise-Horstenau ministers of the Austrian cabinet. Schuschnigg, impressed by the presence of
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Hitler had originally intended to retain Austria as a puppet state headed by Seyss-Inquart. However, the enthusiastic support for Hitler led him to change his stance and support a full
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tried in 1935 got mercilessly severe sentences. This was because of Austrian gentleness, Austrian genius for compromise, Austrian love for cloudy legal abstractions, and Austrian
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views, though primarily from an economic perspective considering the pauperization of the proletariat and the lower middle class. Strongly referring to the doctrine of
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as a unity party of "an autonomous, Christian, German, corporative Federal State of Austria". On 12 February 1934 the government's attempts to enforce the ban of the
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and forced Schuschnigg to resign. Seyss-Inquart was sworn in as his successor by Miklas and the next day Wehrmacht troops crossed the border meeting no resistance.
883:
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1519:". In keeping with the regime's Catholicism, the regime elevated the non-communist and non-capitalist teachings of Papal Encyclicals, most prominently
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60:
1898:
Hakenkreuz und rote Fahne. Die verdrängte Kooperation von Nationalsozialisten und Linken im illegalen Kampf gegen die Diktatur des 'Austrofaschismus'
2004:
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Chaloupek, Günther; "Conservative and Liberal Catholic Though in Austria", in Chaloupek, Günther, Backhaus, Jürgen and Framback, Hans A. (editors);
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Despite its nominal embrace of corporatism and shunning of liberal capitalism, the Federal State pursued a fiscal conservative monetary policy.
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1977:
1940:
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Constructing and Deconstructing National Identity: Dramatic Discourse in Tom Murphy's The Patriot Game and Felix Mitterer's In Der Löwengrube
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1548:, and with the guidance of Mises and other economists, the Federal State pursued a policy of austerity in reaction to the Great Depression.
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successful. Support for the Nazi movement in Austria was surpassed only by that in Germany, allegedly amounting to 75% in some areas.
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Dollfuss continued to rule under what amounted to martial law until his assassination on 25 July 1934 during the Nazi
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This article is about the sovereign state between 1934 and 1938. For the federated states of current Austria, see
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Zwischen Russischer Revolution und Erster Republik. Die Tiroler Arbeiterbewegung gegen Ende des "Großen Krieges".
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1469:. In turn Austria under Schuschnigg sought the backing of its southern neighbour, the fascist Italian dictator
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resemblance to those of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany and more of a resemblance to Portugal under Salazar.
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The League of Nations and Interwar Austria: Critical Assessment of a Partnership in Economic Reconstruction
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initially had the encouragement of Hitler, it was quickly suppressed and Dollfuss's education minister,
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annexation of Austria). Austria would not become an independent country again until 1955, when the
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Period of the First Austrian Republic under one-party austrofascist dictatorship (1934–1938)
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1893:. Die unbekannte Geschichte des NS-Putsches im Juli 1934. Czernin Publishers, Vienna 2006.
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On the Economic Significance of the Catholic Social Doctrine. 125 Years of Rerum Novarum
1598:, Hitler in November 1937 declared his plans for an Austrian campaign in a meeting with
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1506:. The Habsburg Monarchy was elevated as a time of greatness in Austrian history. The
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in 1932, on 4 March 1933 saw an opportunity in the resignation of Social Democrat
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between Austria and Nazi Germany. On 13 March Seyss-Inquart formally decreed the
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1933:
Der Weg zum Heldenplatz. Eine Geschichte der österreichischen Diktatur 1933–1938
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1863:“Wir werden ganze Arbeit leisten“- Der austrofaschistische Staatsstreich 1934
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Der Austrofaschismus – Das Ende der ersten Republik und ihr letzter Kanzler
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1442:). In practice, however, all governing power was now in Dollfuss' hands.
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graduation exams. According to this ideology, Austrians were "better
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1982:
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Chancellor Dollfuss then governed by emergency decree, banning the
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Bochumer Archiv für die Geschichte des Widerstandes und der Arbeit
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Salzburg hört Hitler atmen: Die Salzburger Festspiele 1933–1944.
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In the 1890s, the founding members of the conservative-clerical
1986:
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The path to dictatorship was completed on 1 May 1934, when the
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form of government modelled on Italian fascism and Portugal's
36:
1911:(in Kalis, Aristotle A.: The Fascism Reader. London/New York)
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commanders. Under the mediation of the German ambassador
1935:. Publishing House Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 2005,
1187:"), was advocated by leading regime politicians such as
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Austria: Heimwehr, NSDAP and the Christian Social State
1606:, Schuschnigg on 12 February 1938 traveled to Hitler's
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Austrofaschismus. Politik, Ökonomie, Kultur. 1933–1938
1809:. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. p. 90.
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1384:on 19 June. On 20 May 1933 he had established the
1340:. The CS politician Engelbert Dollfuss, appointed
1404:. The revolt was suppressed with support by the
1848:. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 416.
1570:
1318:of the early 1930s, the CS on the basis of the
1926:Der Februar 1934 und die Folgen für Österreich
1657:"accession of my homeland to the German Reich"
1367:did not take any action to restore democracy.
2663:States and territories disestablished in 1938
1998:
1744:on November 6, 2012 – via www.time.com.
1091:
884:History of Austria-Hungary during World War I
8:
1490:proclaimed by Mussolini on 1 November 1936.
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1502:The Federal State of Austria glorified the
2658:States and territories established in 1934
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2005:
1991:
1983:
1544:before the coup, was made chairman of the
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127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1629:After the British ambassador to Berlin,
1380:paramilitary organization on 30 May and
2683:Former countries of the interwar period
1879:. 5th Edition, Münster, Austria, 2005,
1675:
1272:, the CS agitated against the Austrian
644:
633:
1374:on 26 May 1933, the Social Democratic
1875:Emmerich Tálos, Wolfgang Neugebauer:
1689:Dollfuss / Schuschnigg Era in Austria
1667:with an implausible 99,73% of votes.
1382:the Austrian branch of the Nazi Party
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1663:was held on 10 April, ratifying the
1173:concept, derived from the notion of
1148:between 1934 and 1938 when it was a
252:The Federal State of Austria in 1938
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1918:. Amalthea, Vienna and Munich, 1992
1740:. 25 September 1933. Archived from
2257:Western European broadleaf forests
1755:Ryschka, Birgit (1 January 2008).
1278:Social Democratic Party of Austria
25:
2653:1938 disestablishments in Austria
1788:"The Meaning of the Mises Papers"
1964:Grin Verlag, Ravensburg (2007).
1822:Phases of Capitalist Development
1210:It ended in March 1938 with the
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879:Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
808:Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg
655:
603:
578:
222:
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1928:. Picus Publishers, Vienna 1994
1904:, No.9 (1988), pp. 7 – 45.
52:needs additional citations for
2648:1934 establishments in Austria
2212:Alps conifer and mixed forests
1244:Fatherland Front rally in 1936
1:
1686:; Lassner, Alexander (2003).
1434:), Federal Economic Council (
1348:as president of the Austrian
1199:government based on a mix of
1144:") was a continuation of the
1891:Sommerfest mit Preisschießen
1786:Hoppe, Hans-Hermann (1997).
1546:Austrian Chamber of Commerce
1540:, who had collaborated with
1438:), and the States' Council (
1430:), Federal Culture Council (
1224:Allied occupation of Austria
2185:Military history of Austria
2175:Allied-administered Austria
1475:Second Italo-Abyssinian War
1377:Republikanischer Schutzbund
1332:by the implementation of a
1264:had already developed anti-
2704:
1692:. Transaction Publishers.
1587:
1511:education to complete the
1473:. Tables turned after the
1233:
902:Republic of German-Austria
710:Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy
76:"Federal State of Austria"
29:
2592:
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1734:"AUSTRIA: Eve of Renewal"
1661:highly dubious referendum
1416:Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg
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2207:Administrative divisions
2155:Federal State of Austria
1820:Maddison, Angus (1982).
1655:, Hitler proclaimed the
1270:Catholic social teaching
1124:Federal State of Austria
973:Second Austrian Republic
922:Federal State of Austria
219:"Be Blessed Without End"
143:Federal State of Austria
2242:Pannonian mixed forests
2145:First Austrian Republic
1826:Oxford University Press
1467:Edmund Glaise-Horstenau
1423:Constitution of Austria
1316:First Austrian Republic
1146:First Austrian Republic
968:Allied-occupied Austria
907:First Austrian Republic
586:First Austrian Republic
506:Berchtesgaden Agreement
419:• 1934–1938
377:• 1934–1938
2115:Siege of Vienna (1529)
2095:Margraviate of Austria
1805:Berger, Peter (2003).
1581:
1307:
1296:
1250:Christian Social Party
1245:
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1132:Bundesstaat Österreich
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770:Margraviate of Austria
212:Sei gesegnet ohne Ende
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149:Bundesstaat Österreich
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1949:DVA, Stuttgart 2005,
1342:Chancellor of Austria
1324:encyclical issued by
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1220:Austrian State Treaty
1113:
268:Common languages
2262:World Heritage Sites
2105:Archduchy of Austria
1463:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
1436:Bundeswirtschaftsrat
1356:"self-elimination" (
1195:. The result was an
856:German Confederation
841:Archduchy of Austria
437:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
61:improve this article
2496:freedom of religion
2083:Ostrogothic Kingdom
1914:Lucian O. Meysels:
1861:Stephan Neuhäuser:
1636:Federal Chancellery
1596:Hossbach Memorandum
1360:) of the parliament
835:Early modern period
715:Ostrogothic Kingdom
2406:Telecommunications
2150:Austrian Civil War
2130:Congress of Vienna
2125:March Constitution
2044:Kingdom of Noricum
1504:history of Austria
1402:Austrian Civil War
1386:Fatherland's Front
1358:Selbstausschaltung
1308:
1297:
1254:Karl von Vogelsang
1246:
1236:History of Austria
1189:Engelbert Dollfuss
1120:
1074:Austria portal
950:National Socialism
823:Duchy of Carinthia
775:House of Babenberg
681:Kingdom of Noricum
540:Austrian schilling
412:Engelbert Dollfuss
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2350:Political parties
2303:Foreign relations
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2180:History of Vienna
2110:Habsburg monarchy
2034:Hallstatt culture
1978:978-3-638-74233-7
1960:David Schnaiter:
1941:978-3-218-00734-4
1931:Manfred Scheuch:
1896:Hans Schafranek:
1889:Hans Schafranek:
1699:978-0-7658-0970-4
1624:interior ministry
1594:According to the
1522:Quadragesimo anno
1321:Quadragesimo anno
1203:and conservative
1108:
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932:Ostmark (Austria)
803:Holy Roman Empire
798:House of Habsburg
780:Privilegium Minus
727:Early Middle Ages
672:Hallstatt culture
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1293:Kurt Schuschnigg
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2135:Austria-Hungary
2120:Austrian Empire
2073:Germanic tribes
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1945:Andreas Novak:
1922:Erika Weinzierl
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1856:Further reading
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1449:. Although the
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1372:Communist Party
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1274:labour movement
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1201:Italian Fascist
1150:one-party state
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846:Habsburg empire
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2288:Climate change
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2142:
2140:German Austria
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2085:
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2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1958:
1943:
1929:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1894:
1887:
1873:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1831:
1828:. p. 206.
1812:
1797:
1778:
1767:
1761:. Peter Lang.
1747:
1725:
1705:
1698:
1684:Pelinka, Anton
1674:
1672:
1669:
1620:Wilhelm Keitel
1618:chief General
1588:Main article:
1585:
1582:
1561:
1558:
1499:
1496:
1365:Wilhelm Miklas
1330:class struggle
1285:
1282:
1231:
1228:
1138:known as the "
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1021:Rail transport
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458:Historical era
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382:Wilhelm Miklas
379:
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359:
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334:
328:
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168:
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145:
142:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
18:Austro-fascism
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2700:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:Austrofascism
2641:
2640:
2638:
2631:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2596:
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2467:Ethnic groups
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2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2160:Austrofascism
2158:
2156:
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2148:
2146:
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2141:
2138:
2136:
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2128:
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2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1970:3-638-74233-4
1967:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1955:3-421-05883-0
1952:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1885:3-8258-7712-4
1882:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1871:3-8334-0873-1
1868:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1846:
1845:Inside Europe
1841:
1840:Gunther, John
1835:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1779:
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1770:
1768:9783631581117
1764:
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1621:
1617:
1613:
1612:Berchtesgaden
1610:residence in
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1569:
1566:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1534:Vienna School
1530:
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1524:
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1518:
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1509:
1505:
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1495:
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1456:
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1437:
1433:
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1424:
1419:
1417:
1414:troops under
1413:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
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1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
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1242:
1237:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1197:authoritarian
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
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1022:
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982:
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951:
948:
947:
941:
940:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
917:Austrofascism
915:
913:
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908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
893:
892:
885:
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880:
877:
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831:
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766:
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724:
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708:
706:
703:
700:
696:
692:
688:
685:
682:
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673:
670:
669:
666:Early history
663:
662:
658:
654:
653:
650:
643:
638:
632:
625:
622:
620:Today part of
618:
602:
600:
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593:
587:
584:
577:
576:
573:
572:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
556:
553:
550:
548:
547:ISO 3166 code
544:
541:
538:
534:
530:
527:13 March 1938
526:
523:
522:
511:
507:
496:
493:
489:
488:Assassination
479:
476:
463:
460:
456:
453:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
425:
422:
413:
410:
396:
394:
386:
383:
380:
366:
364:
357:
354:
353:authoritarian
350:
347:
346:parliamentary
344:
343:austrofascist
341:
338:
335:
333:
329:
326:
323:
321:
317:
311:
308:
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131:
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109:
106:
102:
99:
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92:
88:
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81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2630:
2530:Coat of arms
2520:Architecture
2487:Prostitution
2457:Demographics
2335:Legal system
2313:Human rights
2293:Constitution
2154:
2088:East Francia
1961:
1946:
1932:
1925:
1915:
1908:
1907:Jill Lewis:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1876:
1862:
1844:
1834:
1821:
1815:
1806:
1800:
1791:
1781:
1773:Google Books
1771:– via
1757:
1750:
1742:the original
1737:
1728:
1716:; pp. 73-75
1713:
1708:
1688:
1678:
1664:
1648:
1642:
1640:
1628:
1593:
1574:
1571:
1565:John Gunther
1563:
1560:Civil rights
1554:
1550:
1531:
1527:Pope Pius XI
1520:
1512:
1501:
1492:
1458:
1450:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1409:
1400:sparked the
1394:Hotel Schiff
1389:
1375:
1369:
1357:
1349:
1326:Pope Pius XI
1319:
1309:
1303:Flag of the
1247:
1209:
1207:influences.
1185:corporations
1154:conservative
1136:colloquially
1123:
1121:
1114:Flag of the
1061:
944:World War II
921:
765:East Francia
568:Succeeded by
567:
562:
519:
497:25 July 1934
431:• 1938
407:• 1934
356:dictatorship
290:Christianity
205:
196:Coat of arms
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2482:Pornography
2472:Health care
2376:Agriculture
2330:LGBT rights
2323:enforcement
1653:Heldenplatz
1576:Schlamperei
1451:coup d'état
1447:July Putsch
1351:Nationalrat
1346:Karl Renner
1338:Estado Novo
1334:corporative
1310:During the
1276:led by the
1262:Karl Lueger
1170:Ständestaat
1162:corporatist
1158:nationalist
1152:led by the
1141:Ständestaat
873:World War I
792:Middle Ages
646:History of
563:Preceded by
452:Nationalrat
448:Legislature
117:August 2024
2637:Categories
2550:Literature
2345:Parliament
2308:Government
2227:Ecoregions
1824:. Oxford:
1722:3319525441
1671:References
1536:economist
1406:Bundesheer
1390:Schutzbund
1252:(CS) like
1234:See also:
1222:ended the
1031:Liberalism
755:Carantania
733:Marcomanni
480:1 May 1934
393:Chancellor
332:Government
320:Demonym(s)
304:Protestant
217:(English:
87:newspapers
2477:Languages
2462:Education
2416:Transport
2386:Companies
2298:Elections
2237:Mountains
2222:Districts
2195:Geography
2165:Anschluss
2051:Roman Era
1792:mises.org
1665:Anschluss
1649:Anschluss
1644:Anschluss
1600:Wehrmacht
1590:Anschluss
1584:Anschluss
1440:Länderrat
1428:Staatsrat
1284:Self-coup
1212:Anschluss
927:Anschluss
912:Civil War
741:Baiuvarii
687:Roman Era
521:Anschluss
363:President
351:under an
340:one-party
283:Religion
166:1934–1938
2615:Category
2492:Religion
2442:Abortion
2401:Taxation
2340:Military
2276:Politics
2078:Rugiland
2061:Pannonia
2018:articles
1842:(1940).
1542:Dollfuss
1498:Ideology
1411:Heimwehr
1256:and the
1205:Catholic
1063:Timeline
1046:Hinduism
1006:Football
737:Lombards
705:Rugiland
695:Pannonia
637:a series
635:Part of
536:Currency
492:Dollfuss
349:republic
325:Austrian
294:Catholic
2599:Outline
2560:Museums
2535:Cuisine
2512:Culture
2430:Society
2411:Tourism
2381:Banking
2364:Economy
2170:Ostmark
2056:Noricum
2026:History
2014:Austria
1608:Berghof
1517:Germans
1392:at the
1314:in the
1295:in 1936
1266:liberal
1230:History
1181:estates
1011:Cricket
691:Noricum
648:Austria
624:Austria
518:•
503:•
486:•
473:•
337:Federal
310:Judaism
258:Capital
206:Anthem:
101:scholar
2620:Portal
2525:Cinema
2396:Mining
2391:Energy
2252:States
2247:Rivers
2217:Cities
2066:Raetia
2016:
1976:
1968:
1953:
1939:
1900:. In:
1883:
1869:
1765:
1720:
1696:
1513:Matura
1484:Berlin
1260:mayor
1258:Vienna
1216:German
1183:" or "
1176:Stände
1167:. The
1160:, and
1041:Cinema
995:Vienna
985:Topics
699:Raetia
639:on the
397:
367:
272:German
262:Vienna
208:
156:German
152:
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2606:Index
2580:Sport
2565:Music
2555:Media
2502:Women
2452:Crime
2232:Lakes
2039:Celts
1482:" of
1214:(the
1051:Islam
1036:Music
1026:Radio
750:Avars
745:Suebi
677:Celts
108:JSTOR
94:books
2545:Flag
2539:wine
1974:ISBN
1966:ISBN
1951:ISBN
1937:ISBN
1881:ISBN
1867:ISBN
1763:ISBN
1738:Time
1718:ISBN
1694:ISBN
1659:. A
1488:Rome
1486:and
1480:axis
1465:and
1459:coup
1398:Linz
1191:and
1122:The
991:Jews
182:Flag
80:news
2318:Law
1616:OKW
1525:of
1396:in
490:of
63:by
2639::
1972:,
1924::
1865:,
1790:.
1736:.
1626:.
1529:.
1280:.
1226:.
1179:("
1156:,
1134:;
1130::
743:-
739:-
735:-
697:-
693:-
552:AT
2541:)
2537:(
2498:)
2494:(
2006:e
1999:t
1992:v
1957:.
1794:.
1775:.
1702:.
1579:.
1478:"
1426:(
1126:(
1118:.
1099:e
1092:t
1085:v
997:)
993:(
701:)
689:(
683:)
679:(
306:)
292:(
278:)
274:(
221:)
158:)
154:(
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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