542:. The kit was scheduled to go on sale in the second half of 2021. The Bolt motor is modified by removing the differential and reduction gear unit, then fitting an adapter plate and crank flange, allowing it to bolt to a conventional transmission. Together with the controller and inverter, the motor occupies approximately the same space as a small-block V8; the 900 lb (410 kg) battery presents a greater challenge for packaging, which is why the initial development has focused on trucks. As of July 2022, it was still being explored as a "future business opportunity", according to Chevrolet Vice President Scott Bell.
326:
229:
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equal time for parts, then to begin a rebuild. Installers often opt for the crate engine because of the cost and ease of replacement. Crate engines are typically a bolt-in replacement with no internal work being performed to the engine compared to a complete overhaul that requires internal part replacement by trained mechanics. Hot Rod and other custom street applications also often choose a crate engine because of the higher value when compared to a custom built engine.
344:, which can include short or long block configurations. For this article, a crate engine is defined as a fully-assembled engine that includes more than what is typically installed on a long block; the exact configuration will vary by vendor. It is also sometimes known as a "deluxe long block", which usually includes the fuel and intake system, distributor, oil pan, and ignition system. In some cases, exhaust manifold(s) and the water pump are included.
433:(EV) drivetrain conversion also requires installation of a storage battery, inverter, reduction gear, and controller. Most of these separate components can be packaged with the motor in a unit that is dimensionally compatible with the existing engine compartment, but the battery is usually the bulkiest, heaviest component of an EV powertrain and can create a significant challenge for fitment. In recent years, the restoration and EV conversion of a
140:
581:
460:
415:
487:(Brant, 1994). Many recent non-factory electromods are implemented by extracting and adapting the complete drivetrain (traction motor(s), battery, controller, and inverter) from an existing mass-produced EV, such as Tesla. East Coast Defender demonstrated a Tesla EV-sourced powertrain conversion of a 1969–96
497:
in 2021. In
October 2019 there were no purpose-built crate engine EV kits available commercially, but such projects were in development. For example, EV West announced their Revolt Tesla Crate Motor in 2020, which married an electric traction motor from Tesla with a gear reduction unit and ended in a
399:
In motorsports, the crate engine option has become very popular for various reasons. Crate engines are often a more affordable option when compared to a purpose-built race engine so budget racers often go this route. The crate engine also has developed a large fan base in many different racing series
190:
A short block is the preferred replacement component for a worn-out engine that requires major servicing beyond the capabilities of a local repair garage, when instead a machine shop may be needed. The short block represents the major wear items of an engine: piston rings, and potentially a rebore of
212:
A short block has advantages over dismantling the engine and sending the crankshaft and other related automotive parts away for rework. It is usually quicker to obtain, requiring only a single shipment, rather than having to ship parts to and from the machine shop and the interim time spent at the
395:
Crate engines are often seen as an economical choice no matter what the application is. In general automobile engine replacement, a crate engine is often very competitively priced when compared to the cost of a full rebuild of a faulty engine. It is also quicker to ship from stock than to wait an
203:
The third item sometimes requiring machining, the re-cutting of valve seats in the cylinder head, was less frequently needed. Grinding of valves to fit was once a regular garage task, as was light re-cutting with hand tools, when cast iron seats were common. Once steel seat inserts came into use,
347:
Crate engines are manufactured by many different companies, but they all share the same characteristics of being complete engines nearly ready to install once removed from the crate. Generally a crate engine still will require additional parts to be fitted, which can range from minor (engine oil
199:
was at one time considered typical garage work, the need for a boring or crank grinding machine now exceed the capabilities of a standard automotive repair garage. A short block includes the preassembled set of major parts needed that generally exceed the capability of the garage, in one item.
42:
Replacement engines are used to replace classic car engines that are in poor condition or broken, or to install a more powerful or more fuel efficient engine in a vehicle. Replacement engines are often used to make old cars more reliable for daily driving. Classic car hobbyists may also install
352:
builds, and motorsports competition. Crate engines are often seen as an economical and more reliable solution as opposed to engine overhauls or custom builds. Such engines are built by specialist engine builders, working in clean and well-equipped workshops, rather than general purpose repair
182:
engines don't include those parts. Short block engines became popular after World War II, when mass production led to great consistency between individual engines; before then, most engines were hand-built and had idiosyncratic variations. Short blocks became less popular after the 1970s when
597:
The
Chevrolet engine debuted in 2002 with part number 1958602 and sold for a little under $ 4000 in 2012. It has 350 cubic inch displacement via a 4.000 inch bore and 3.480 inch stroke. The 602 engine is equipped with iron heads, a cast-iron block, and aluminum pistons. It produces about 350
630:
The
Chevrolet engine debuted in 2002 with part number 88958604 and sold for about $ 5000 in 2012. The 604 engine is equipped with aluminum heads, forged steel crankshaft, and an aluminum intake. It produces about 400 horsepower and 400 foot-pounds of torque with a 9.6:1 compression.
538:. The following year for SEMA, Chevrolet showcased the "Electric Connect and Cruise" eCrate package in October 2020, which included the main drivetrain components of a single Bolt (motor, battery, controller, and inverter), and was demonstrated as a retrofit to a restored
208:
in the 1970s or fitted into high-performance aluminium heads, machining of heads and the replacement of seats became equally commonly required. Aluminium cylinder heads could also be damaged by warping after overheating, often requiring machining to re-flatten them.
658:
New castings of some engines are sometimes produced by independent companies. These blocks commonly replace rare or popular designs for aftermarket rebuilding, especially when the original is no longer produced. They are sometimes available in
530:, so the car retained the same transmission, driveshaft, and axles as the conventional COPO Camaro. At the 2019 SEMA show, Chevrolet continued to develop the concept, following up with the E-10 Concept, which used the powertrains from two
767:
A crate engine is a new or remanufactured engine that is built with fresh components, such as bearings, rings, and lifters. You can purchase crate engines with or without cylinder heads. When an engine is mounted perpendicular to the
130:- a new or remanufactured engine, considered to be equivalent to a new engine. Parts include more than a long block, including intake manifold, and carburetor or fuel injection system, oil pan, valve covers, and perhaps an alternator
617:
The
Chevrolet engine has part number 88959603. It has 355 cubic inch displacement and 405 foot pounds of torque at 10.1:1 compression. The 603 engine is equipped with aluminum heads, steel crank, and high silicon pistons. The
356:
Crate engines may be either brand new, or substantially rebuilt. If rebuilt, they will have been rebuilt to an extent such that they are considered to be of equal quality, reliability and expected lifetime as a new engine.
400:
because of the competitive racing. As all racers in the field have identical engines, the races are won by driver's talent and chassis setup, and not the amount of horsepower a team can afford to build into their engine.
348:
dipstick) to major (intake manifold and fuel injection system), depending on the engine package purchased and the targeted vehicle application. This type of engine has various applications including general replacement,
498:
universal joint yoke, a suitable interface for a driveshaft. Mechanically, the motor is fitted with mounts compatible with
Chevrolet small-block engines to take advantage of numerous small-block repower kits.
267:. A long block does not include the fuel system, electrical, intake, and exhaust components, as well as other components. A long block may include the balancer/damper, timing cover, oil pan and valve covers.
588:
General Motors began developing several small block crate race car engines in 2001 and they were released into production in 2002. The engines are sealed and repairs being done by certified rebuilders.
166:
but above the oil pan, which usually includes the assembled engine block, crankshaft, connecting rods, and pistons with piston rings properly installed. An in-block cam engine short block includes the
463:
Engine compartment of a converted EV, showing the adapter plate used to couple the traction motor and transmission. Note the multiple horns toward the upper left, which are not part of the motor
213:
shop to re-machine those parts. The short block would also have been built in a workshop that was hopefully cleaner and more organised for the specialism of engine building.
1326:
667:, or in stronger alloys. Often they imitate the larger available displacements that were produced in small numbers or allow for displacements never available.
1251:
522:
HVH250-150 motor assemblies instead of the conventional piston engine. The electric traction motor essentially served as a drop-in replacement with the same
1662:
220:
engines. Sidevalves were pre-eminent before the short block appeared as a common item, and they also offered little saving by omitting the (simple) head.
527:
1226:
602:
1377:
270:
A long block engine replacement typically requires swapping out parts from the original engine to the long block. These parts can include the
902:
753:
1549:
1352:
981:
187:(OHC) engines became the norm, as the rational unit of replacement was the long block, which includes the head, camshaft and valve gear.
1472:
515:
642:
All Stars Tour (allowed but not required), United Crate Racing
Alliance, Big 8 Series, RUSH Late Models, Crate Racing USA, and others.
1814:
1688:
1130:
1101:
1045:
791:
1774:
1274:
1378:"The future of custom vehicles: Ford unveils all-electric F-100 Eluminator Concept with new EV crate motor customers can now buy"
1074:
535:
1147:
841:
1609:
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26:
or a major part of one that is sold individually without any other parts required to make a functional car (for example a
1744:"Sweeney RUSH Racing Series Offering a Viable Option With Crate Engine Racing to Veteran Racers Throughout the Northeast"
365:
Crate engines are well suited in many different vehicle platforms. Engines are often used in the following applications:
1829:
639:
409:
325:
745:
Today's
Technician: Automotive Engine Repair & Rebuilding, Classroom Manual and Shop Manual, Spiral bound Version
727:
707:
1809:
1200:
955:
564:
released the "Eluminator" 210 kW (281 hp) crate EV motor, which was the same traction motor used in the
1713:
894:
Chevy Big-Block Engine Parts
Interchange: The Ultimate Guide to Sourcing and Selecting Compatible Factory Parts
31:
815:
69:" many of which are made by independent firms. This ensures that drivers all have similarly powered racecars.
606:
471:
and lead-acid batteries; several books have been written to document and guide these conversions, including
467:
Hobbyists have been converting cars to EVs since at least the 1960s. Historically, these have used aircraft
619:
228:
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545:
507:
217:
74:
866:
1300:
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329:
232:
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572:
restomod pickup truck. As of 3 November 2021, it was available for pre-order but not yet shipping.
565:
539:
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279:
275:
511:
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advanced an "electric crate motor" concept with the unveiling of the eCOPO Camaro at that year's
70:
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781:
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184:
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1327:"The Chevrolet Performance eCrate Is Here to Make Electric Drivetrain Swaps Easier Than Ever"
892:
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311:
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89:
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195:, together with reground bearings on the crankshaft. Although replacing the rings or
175:
235:
as a long block with crankshaft, cylinder head, camshaft, and valve train installed.
179:
1301:"Chevy's 450-HP E-10 Pickup Concept Seeks to Electrify Gearhead Hearts and Minds"
681:
523:
493:
459:
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418:
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383:
264:
248:
171:
163:
115:
47:
43:
reproductions of a rare powerplant in a classic car (this is most often seen in
1227:"The new crate motor by EV West and Revolt fits just like a small-block Chevy"
519:
439:
287:
252:
121:
118:- everything between the cylinder head and the oil pan (excluding those items)
62:
58:
27:
1804:
124:- a short block, with mounted and gasketed cylinder head, valves and camshaft
1689:"How much "cheating" is actually taking place in Crate Late Model racing?"
1201:"Scrap the Small-Block V-8 Swap and sub in This Literal Tesla Crate Motor"
425:
In general, simply swapping an internal combustion engine for an electric
660:
605:
Hobby Stock, IMCA Northern Sport
Modified, IMCA Southern Sport Modified,
448:
260:
167:
51:
92:
engines (also known as "re-manned," "reconditioned," or "re-engineered")
34:
parts or as reproductions of an engine that has gone out of production.
1380:(Press release). Las Vegas, Nevada: Ford Motor Company. 2 November 2021
1148:"ECD Electric Land Rover Range Rover Classic First Drive: Electro-Luxe"
609:. Northeastern (United States) Sportman, Crate Racing USA, and others.
584:
Open Wheel
Modifieds are a common type of application for crate engines
349:
271:
244:
155:
23:
1353:"Chevrolet to offer kit to convert gasoline classic cars into EVs"
579:
544:
458:
413:
341:
324:
227:
138:
44:
728:
The Most Common Types of Replacement Engines, Engine Compare Blog
332:
assembled with accessories, similar to the state of a crate motor
664:
1275:"Chevrolet eCOPO Camro Concept is a 700-HP Electric Drag Racer"
1006:
842:"We List the Small Parts Needed to Perform a Crate Engine Swap"
598:
horsepower and 390 foot-pounds of torque at 9.1:1 compression.
982:"Open Diff: Which vehicles make the most sense to electromod?"
650:
Ford Performance 347 Cubic Inches 415 HP Sealed Racing Engine
748:. MindTap Course List Series. Cengage Learning. p. 185.
1663:"GM 604 Crate Engine Becomes IMCA Modified Option In 2013"
1498:"New part numbers announced for GM 602, 604 crate engines"
927:"Short Block vs. Long Block Engines: Know the Differences"
1252:"eCOPO Camaro race car concept electrifies drag racing"
85:
The four most common types of replacement engines are:
816:"What's the Difference Between Long and Short blocks?"
737:
735:
336:
Technically, a "crate engine" or "crate motor" is any
1492:
1490:
1254:(Press release). Chevrolet Pressroom. 29 October 2018
897:. S-A design. CarTech, Incorporated. pp. 20–26.
1604:
1602:
1600:
1118:
1096:(3rd ed.). Ft. Lauderdale, FL: Future Books.
1062:
1033:
576:Common crate engines used in North American racing
1574:
1572:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1550:"Racing Around: Point chase at Fonda heating up"
622:(ACT) late model sportsman utilize this engine.
1580:"Page 1of 15National Touring Series Rules 2021"
1400:"Eluminator Mach E Electric Motor ~ M9000MACHE"
1502:IMCA (International Motor Contest Association)
57:Aftermarket engines are used in many forms of
568:GT Performance Edition and used to power the
8:
1767:"347 Cubic Inch 415 HP Sealed Racing Engine"
1765:Parts, Ford Performance (29 December 2017).
1610:"Circle Track Crate Engine Technical Manual"
1174:"Swindon Powertrain launches crate EV motor"
247:sub-assembly that consists of the assembled
491:, developed with Electric Classic Cars, to
158:sub-assembly comprising the portion of the
949:
947:
526:bolt pattern and crankshaft flange as the
809:
807:
805:
803:
783:Automotive Technology: A Systems Approach
708:"Crate Late Model Setup - Crates On Dirt"
1810:Most common types of replacement engines
1299:Mortimer, Maxwell B. (6 November 2019).
1090:Brown, Michael P; Prange, Shari (1993).
30:). These engines are produced either as
867:"Crate Hemi engine kit parts explained"
698:
1199:Stoklosa, Alexander (2 October 2020).
1036:The Complete Book of Electric Vehicles
1007:"So You Want to Build an Electric Car"
634:Applications for this engine includes
601:Applications for this engine include:
473:The Complete Book of Electric Vehicles
340:that is shipped to the installer in a
1815:Complete Crate Engines-Auto Parts USA
1777:from the original on 29 December 2017
1638:"ACT Late Model Sportsman 2021 Rules"
1040:. Northbrook, Illinois: Domus Books.
552:"electromod" truck, displayed at the
369:General automobile engine replacement
7:
204:either as a result of the switch to
1273:Woodard, Collin (30 October 2018).
786:. Cengage Learning. pp. 227–.
77:cars also use sealed crate motors.
1465:"CT 350 Circle Track Crate Engine"
1325:Schrader, Stef (29 October 2020).
1225:Thomas, Phillip (5 October 2020).
980:Strohl, Daniel (4 November 2020).
518:which was equipped with a pair of
378:Motorsports Competition (Asphalt,
191:the cylinder bores or replacement
14:
1524:"2018 Mid-American rules package"
1438:Huneycutt, Jeff (28 March 2012).
1351:LaReau, Jamie L. (20 July 2022).
1065:How to Convert to an Electric Car
925:Markovich, Tony (6 August 2021).
477:How to Convert to an Electric Car
127:
102:
66:
1548:Ellis, James A. (24 June 2021).
1475:from the original on 20 May 2018
1440:"Crate Motor - Repurposed Crate"
1172:Wood, Dafydd (17 October 2019).
1061:Lucas, Ted; Riess, Fred (1980).
483:(Brown & Prange, 1993), and
1121:Build Your Own Electric Vehicle
485:Build Your Own Electric Vehicle
1742:Doug, Kennedy (26 June 2015).
1146:Markus, Frank (13 July 2021).
840:Smith, Jeff (8 October 2018).
814:Rupp, Steven (23 March 2020).
534:repackaged into in a restored
429:is not sufficient; a complete
1:
554:Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
514:show. The eCOPO Camaro was a
20:replacement automobile engine
1032:Shacket, Sheldon R. (1979).
954:Magda, Mike (January 2021).
372:Custom hot rod street builds
101:New engines (also known as "
81:Types of replacement engines
479:(Lucas & Riess, 1980),
410:Electric vehicle conversion
1846:
407:
375:Marine engine replacements
286:, emission-control parts,
1667:www.performanceracing.com
1069:. Crown Publishers, Inc.
330:Oldsmobile 303 Rocket V-8
502:Automobile manufacturers
607:Mid-American Stock cars
447:of electrification and
437:has become known as an
1771:Ford Performance Parts
620:American Canadian Tour
585:
557:
536:1962 C-10 pickup truck
464:
422:
333:
236:
147:
54:installed into them).
891:Baechtel, J. (2014).
780:Jack Erjavec (2005).
742:Hadfield, C. (2013).
583:
570:1978 F-100 Eluminator
550:1978 F-100 Eluminator
548:
508:Chevrolet Performance
462:
417:
328:
231:
142:
75:Allison Legacy Series
1714:"Big 8 Series Rules"
687:Engine configuration
663:instead of original
638:(starting in 2013),
506:Previously in 2018,
65:racecar series use "
1117:Brant, Bob (1994).
566:Ford Mustang Mach-E
489:Range Rover Classic
310:pump (if any), and
296:exhaust manifold(s)
1830:Automobile engines
1805:Ford crate engines
1746:. RUSH Late Models
1693:Inside Dirt Racing
1585:. Crate Racing USA
1357:Detroit Free Press
960:Performance Racing
956:"Shocking Rivalry"
654:Replacement blocks
586:
560:In November 2021,
558:
465:
423:
334:
237:
233:Oldsmobile 400 V-8
216:Short blocks were
148:
1555:The Leader Herald
904:978-1-61325-050-1
755:978-1-133-60251-4
706:Huneycutt, Jeff.
475:(Shacket, 1979),
338:automobile engine
185:overhead camshaft
143:Short block 3.5L
1837:
1800:GM crate engines
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1687:Allen, Richard.
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1642:crateinsider.com
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1504:. 5 January 2018
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1013:. 3 October 2009
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562:Ford Performance
528:LS engine family
516:2019 COPO Camaro
431:electric vehicle
421:traction battery
404:EV crate engines
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1471:. 20 May 2018.
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323:
312:air conditioner
284:intake manifold
263:(usually), and
226:
206:unleaded petrol
145:Rover V8 engine
137:
112:
95:Rebuilt engines
83:
40:
12:
11:
5:
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1841:
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384:drag racing
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110:Terminology
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1404:Ford Store
1184:18 October
1093:Convert It
693:References
556:(Feb 2022)
520:BorgWarner
481:Convert It
440:electromod
408:See also:
391:Advantages
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317:(if any).
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288:carburetor
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241:long block
224:Long block
174:, and any
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1331:The Drive
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931:The Drive
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353:garages.
1824:Category
1775:Archived
1473:Archived
1011:EV Album
986:Hemmings
671:See also
661:aluminum
646:Ford 347
449:restomod
261:camshaft
168:camshaft
52:426 Hemi
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1444:Hot Rod
1231:Hagerty
910:17 June
761:16 June
350:hot rod
304:starter
272:oil pan
71:Legends
61:. Some
1723:. 2016
1647:5 July
1589:4 July
1529:. 2018
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532:Bolts
386:etc.)
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251:with
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1406:. US
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1186:2019
1180:. UK
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