1638:
1857:
1723:
1531:
1698:
1501:
1882:
662:
1613:
1583:
1476:
1663:
277:
142:
1461:
2706:
906:
2736:
535:
2726:
1393:
118:
2716:
1411:
129:
284:
In the 1960s the
Soviets sought to diversify and broaden the motor vehicle industry but continued to rely on massive vertically integrated facilities. Their 15-year transportation modernization plan announced in 1965 called for increasing production of automobiles and heavy trucks to boost consumer
358:
By 1970, the manufacture of trucks and other commercial vehicles was decentralized and these were made not only in Moscow and Gorky but also in
Belarus (Minsk, Zhodino), Ukraine (Kremenchug), Georgia (Kutaisi), and in the Volga and Ural regions (Ulyanovsk and Miass). The manufacture of automobiles
288:
At the beginning of the 1960s, when MZMA, GAZ and ZAZ were offering a variety of cars and personal automobile ownership in the Soviet Union was on the rise, the Soviet government opted to build an even larger car manufacturing plant that would produce a people's car and help to meet the demand for
199:
brought about the construction in the late 1920s and early 1930s of massive factories manufacturing highly standard vehicle and slowly changing product lines. Construction of the Moscow (ZIL), Gor‘kiy, and
Yaroslavl' plants, partly or totally built by Western firms, increased production from a few
366:
The
Soviets reportedly allocated one-half of the estimated 7 billion rubles invested in the automotive industry during 1971-75 to the construction of the Volga car and Kama truck plants. As the 15-year plan was drawing to a close, the Soviets modified their traditional approach of simply building
256:
and on August 26, 1945, issued
Resolution No. 9905 "On the Restoration and Development of the Automotive Industry", which outlined the future development of car production in the USSR. In 1947, the total number of automobiles produced in the Soviet Union was 132,968, including 9622 cars, 121,248
375:
By the early 1980s, Soviet automobile industry consisted of several main plants, which produced vehicles for various market segments. Prior to 1988, private buyers were also not allowed to buy commercial vehicles like minibuses, vans, trucks or buses for personal use. Domestic car production
485:
With the exception of ZAZ and LuAZ, which were located in the
Ukrainian SSR, all the aforementioned companies were located in the RSFSR. Besides the RSFSR, some truck plants were established in Ukrainian, Byelorussian, Georgian, Armenian, and Kyrghizian SSRs while buses were produced in the
1415:
362:
From 1970 to 1979, automobile production grew by nearly 1 million units per year, and truck production grew by 250,000 per year. The production ratio of automobiles to trucks increased in that time from 0.7 to 1.7, indicating that more attention was being given to the consumer market.
187:
plant in Moscow on 7 November 1924. In 1927, engineers from the
Scientific Automobile & Motor Institute (NAMI) created the first original Soviet car NAMI-I, which was produced in small numbers by the Spartak State Automobile Factory in Moscow, between 1927 and 1931.
367:
additional plants to raise output. Soviet officials publicly acknowledged the need for continued growth in vehicle production, but they stressed the need for greater productivity and new vehicle designs to improve performance, utility and operating efficiency.
604:(1945–present, truck production ceased in the 1990s) produced backbone tractors with a comfortable cabin, but low quality and dynamic characteristics and had gained in the Soviet Union a bad reputation. Were gradually replaced by tractors MAZ and, later, KaMAZ
268:. By the late 1950s, the Soviet Union produced 43 car models, and in 1957 the overall number of vehicles produced was 495,994, which included 113,588 cars, 369,504 trucks, and 12,316 buses, and in the following year reached the level of 600,000 cars per year.
168:
by the new leadership. It continued the production of Russo-Balt cars and launched a new model on
October 8, 1922, while AMO built FIAT 15 Ter trucks under licence and released a more modern FIAT-derived truck developed by a team of AMO designers, the
930:
731:, built durable and easily repairable cars of similar class as VAZ and of its own design (since 1956), but in a significantly smaller numbers (up to 200,000). All of its cars produced between 1946 and 2001 were known under the name Moskvitch.
1085:
289:
personal transport. For reasons of cost-efficiency, it was decided to sign a licence agreement with a foreign company and produce the car on the basis of an existing, modern model. Several options were considered, including
191:
In the early decades after the
Revolution, Gorky and Moscow became the main centers of motor vehicle manufacturing. As in Western countries, components for the industry were produced in a large number of different places.
446:) were the most in demand. Volgas were the most prestigious vehicles sold to private buyers, although up to 60% of the production was reserved for state and party institutions. Always popular and available for sale were
2623:
1169:
23:
spanned the history of the state from 1929 to 1991. It started with the establishment of large car manufacturing plants and reorganisation of the AMO Factory in Moscow in the late 1920s–early 1930s, during the
1449:
1338:
1208:
2633:
1079:
257:
trucks, 2098 buses, but still did not exceed the pre-war level. Two years later, in 1949, it surpassed the previous record and in 1950 the production was brought up to 363,000 vehicles per year.
414:
and immediately hit by a crisis due to the loss of financial support, economic turmoil, criminal activities and stiffer competition in the domestic market during the 1990s. Some of them, like
765:(1967–present, the assembly plant AvtoVAZ since 2012), another manufacturer of Moskvitch small family cars and pickups often used by delivery services (produced up to 200,000 annually).
1390:"The Internationalization of the Automobile Industry and Its Effects on the U.S. Automobile Industry: Report on Investigation No. 332-188 Under Section 332 of the Tariff Act of 1930"
2242:
2418:
1442:
1226:"Прокофьева Е. Ю. Направления отраслевого развития автоиндустрии СССР во второй половине 40-х – конце 60-х гг. ХХ в. Известия ПГПУ им. В. Г. Белинского. 2011. № 23. С. 564–567"
230:. However, due to specific government aims and economic hardships of that time, cars were only a small share of all vehicles produced in the early years of Soviet production.
2585:
986:
2523:
1427:
1435:
149:
Russia had no automotive industry prior to the Soviet era. Automobiles were manufactured, but only in small quantity and by importing the main components from abroad.
1345:
2649:
2373:
2167:
1252:
482:
was third at 40,000. Other Soviet republics (SSRs) did not have significant automotive industries. Only the first two republics produced all types of automobiles.
1951:
2628:
2513:
2476:
2441:
1984:
1200:
40:
313:
was chosen because of its simple and sturdy design, being easy to manufacture and repair. The plant was built in just 4 years (1966–1970) in the small town of
1292:
2135:
2089:
1722:
1010:
2539:
2266:
2453:
2401:
2380:
2356:
2322:
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2254:
2059:
1379:
O’Neal M. Democracy, Civic
Culture and Small Business in Russia's Regions: Social Processes in Comparative Historical Perspective. Routledge. 2015. P. 81
661:
2549:
2368:
2288:
2237:
2123:
2101:
2085:
438:
There were queues for the purchase of cars and many domestic buyers often had to wait years for a new car. In the 1970s, passenger cars made by VAZ (
2518:
2413:
2206:
2760:
233:
In 1937, the Soviet Union produced over 200,000 vehicles, mostly trucks, putting the country in second place worldwide by production of trucks.
2295:
2152:
1530:
208:
1042:
2765:
2607:
1421:
1137:
260:
1948 marked the beginning of Soviet export of cars. In 1950, cars from the Soviet Union were present at the international car exhibition in
2729:
1697:
1500:
1201:"Прокофьева Е. Ю. История отечественной автомобильной промышленности: от единичного к массовому типу организации производства. СГУ. 2011"
2054:
1881:
2483:
2162:
2142:
1612:
1582:
1475:
407:
2679:
2503:
2196:
2075:
1977:
1662:
1637:
2597:
2575:
2559:
2508:
2471:
2436:
2108:
2334:
2227:
2186:
2147:
2130:
1856:
403:
32:
470:
The bulk of the automotive industry of the Soviet Union, with annual production approaching 1.8 million units, was located in
2363:
2312:
2278:
2273:
2261:
2232:
2222:
2201:
2049:
2044:
2019:
1389:
1321:
981:
397:
393:
389:
422:) in order to obtain substantial capital investment and overcome the crisis. Few others, like AZLK, became dormant, whereas
276:
2719:
2448:
2408:
2396:
2351:
2329:
2317:
2300:
2249:
2191:
2174:
2157:
1625:
601:
458:
vehicles. All-terrain cars made by UAZ were not available privately, but could be bought decommissioned. Limousine brands
385:
1370:
Glazunov M. Business in Post-Communist Russia: Privatisation and the Limits of Transformation. Routledge. 2013. Pp. 80-82
2709:
2691:
2339:
2283:
2179:
2118:
2096:
2080:
2039:
2034:
1970:
1844:
1361:
Ireland A. D., Hoskisson R., Hitt M. Understanding Business Strategy: Concepts and Cases. Cengage Learning. 2005. P. 145
1248:
1941:
954:
824:, produced a small number of modernised Russo-Balt S24 cars. Two of them took part in the All-Russian test run of 1923.
141:
2770:
2602:
2344:
2113:
1819:
1807:
1064:
808:
82:
2592:
1797:
1284:
788:
734:
1017:
2554:
2544:
1710:
639:
1650:
614:
1909:
1767:
1183:
948:
180:
plant built before the war was allowed to operate as a private business until 1921, when it was nationalized.
914:
326:
245:
811:(1972–present) produced KaMAZ vehicles. Since 2000, it also builds large city buses based on KaMAZ chassis.
2659:
1548:
1098:
Kelly M. A. Russian Motor Vehicles: The Czarist Period 1784 to 1917. Veloce Publishing Ltd. 2009. p. 78-79
792:
549:
1869:
893:
839:
were distributed in the USSR for free or purchased at a large discount through the Soviet Union's social
785:
trucks, used as company vehicles and for passenger transport in the countryside on roads of poor quality.
2669:
1946:
1834:
1270:
924:
852:
802:
314:
203:
In 1929, due to a rapidly growing demand for automobiles and in cooperation with its trade partner, the
74:
1570:
1675:
626:
564:(1954–present) in Soviet times, was a division of MAZ, a manufacturer of heavy and super-heavy trucks
499:
25:
1993:
1824:
1680:
1046:
814:
772:
698:
516:
78:
2735:
1144:
2580:
1600:
1118:
752:
589:
340:
as part of the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant, with the initiative coming from the Minister of Defence
294:
204:
196:
153:
1914:
1313:
1307:
849:(1941–present) produced light four-wheel-drive vehicles for either military or agricultural use.
236:
Between 1932 and 1939 the amount of car production in the Soviet Union increased up to 844,6%.
2654:
1812:
1317:
322:
1904:
1535:
1518:
936:
856:
522:
479:
1595:
1513:
584:
512:
359:
was confined exclusively to Moscow, Gorky, and Izhevsk (Ural region) until the late 1960s.
39:
produced 2.1-2.3 million units per year of all types, and was the sixth (previously fifth)
1934:
376:
satisfied only 45% of the domestic demand; nevertheless, no import of cars was permitted.
341:
161:
90:
59:
344:
and in order to increase the overall production of cars in the Soviet Union. It produced
705:
or Fiat-derived models and later developed cars entirely of its own design, such as the
1735:
1702:
1505:
1184:"Soviet Fordism in Practice – Building and operating the Soviet River Rouge, 1927-1945"
1112:
820:
Prombron (1922–1926), which had acquired control over the former Russo-Balt factory in
670:
411:
265:
253:
2754:
2009:
1886:
1802:
876:
836:
821:
798:
694:
475:
94:
86:
905:
1782:
1727:
1617:
1587:
1480:
1460:
762:
756:
459:
223:
36:
689:, 1966–present) produced up to 800,000 cars annually; created in cooperation with
534:
200:
thousand vehicles in 1928 to 200,000 vehicles in 1937, nearly all of them trucks.
945:(1955–present) produced compact four-wheel-drive vehicles (up to 17,000 annually)
2739:
1667:
1642:
1565:
964:
860:
748:
706:
567:
451:
98:
317:, which later grew to a population of more than half a million and was renamed
62:, but also to Northern America, Central and Western Europe, and Latin America.
2664:
1685:
968:
419:
290:
177:
157:
102:
2686:
2674:
1861:
1760:
1745:
870:
744:
724:
710:
676:
649:
447:
443:
345:
248:
issued a number of important decisions: it established new car factories in
227:
1312:(2. ed., 1. print. ed.). Washington, DC: US Gov. Print. Off. pp.
1225:
1060:
261:
117:
1410:
1288:
880:
832:
714:
702:
349:
318:
310:
170:
165:
121:
755:, which were also used as taxi cabs, and luxury automobiles such as the
1919:
1750:
1740:
1138:"The Soviet Motor Vehicle Industry: Improving Quality and Productivity"
869:(former ZiS and AMO, 1916–2016) built middle trucks, luxury sedans and
840:
682:
427:
415:
337:
333:
302:
298:
249:
1962:
801:(1937–present) (not to be confused with the Czechoslovak brand trucks
1344:. Applied Research Centre in Sustainable Regeneration. Archived from
1084:. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace. pp. 244–249.
643:
244:
After the war, the Soviet automotive industry developed rapidly. The
219:
106:
70:
195:
Stalinist pressure for rapid industrialization and appreciation for
2624:
Association for Standardisation of Automation and Measuring Systems
85:
from socialist countries) in some quantities, construction trucks (
1787:
1777:
1543:
939:(1945–2015) produced suburban and intercity buses of middle class.
904:
768:
660:
543:
533:
471:
275:
140:
127:
116:
66:
58:
Soviet industry exported 300,000-400,000 cars annually, mainly to
48:
781:(1958–present) produced conventional small buses on the basis of
462:(GAZ factory) and ZIL were not available for the general public.
1929:
1899:
1894:
1792:
1755:
1560:
1553:
1488:
1081:
Western technology and Soviet economic development, 1917 to 1930
942:
920:
828:
778:
720:
690:
686:
571:
561:
555:
495:
455:
439:
329:(PCI), who died shortly before construction of the plant began.
306:
128:
1966:
1431:
1339:"THE RUSSIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT"
1170:"The Ford Motor Company in the Soviet Union in the 1920s-1930s"
2004:
1924:
1839:
1829:
1772:
960:
866:
846:
782:
740:
728:
423:
212:
184:
183:
The first fully Soviet-made vehicles were manufactured by the
52:
44:
28:, and continued until the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991.
1266:
173:. About 6,000–6,500 F-15s were built in the years 1924–1931.
2634:
Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles
285:
welfare and create a larger and more balanced truck fleet.
1309:
Soviet Union: a country study; research completed May 1989
1285:"The history of the Russian automotive industry: IzhAvto"
927:
at Kremenchuk Harvester Plant) manufactured heavy trucks
737:(1958–present) manufactured military superheavy trucks.
570:(1984–present) from 1990 started limited production of
218:
A year later, a second automobile plant was founded in
16:
Overview of the automotive industry in the Soviet Union
1243:
1241:
1239:
831:(1939–present, car production stopped in 2008), built
629:(1949–1998) produced vans and ambulances on their base
418:, turned to cooperation with other companies (such as
486:
Ukrainian, Latvian, Lithuanian, and Tajik republics.
971:
subcompact budget cars (as many as 150,000 annually)
222:, which would become a major Soviet car maker after
2642:
2616:
2568:
2532:
2496:
2464:
2429:
2389:
2215:
2068:
2027:
2018:
1878:
1853:
1719:
1694:
1659:
1634:
1609:
1579:
1527:
1497:
1472:
759:
for Soviet officials (up to 100,000 cars annually).
280:
Production of passenger cars in the USSR, 1960-1979
1132:
1130:
1128:
987:Ministry of the Automotive Industry (Soviet Union)
65:There were substantial numbers of highway trucks (
727:, 1929-2001, closed in 2010), originally part of
478:was second, at more than 200,000 units per year,
406:in December 1991, automakers of the newly formed
394:Automotive industry by country § Uzbekistan
1220:
1218:
264:, Poland, and soon thereafter were exported to
145:Motor vehicle production in the USSR, 1929-1950
791:(1950–2011) manufactured superheavy trucks on
546:(1948–present) manufactured super-heavy trucks
2629:European Automobile Manufacturers Association
1978:
1443:
1337:Begley, Jason; Collis, Clive; Morris, David.
398:Automotive industry by country § Belarus
8:
855:(1941–present) manufactured general purpose
642:(1956–1979) produced minibuses based on the
2725:
2024:
1985:
1971:
1963:
1450:
1436:
1428:
454:cars, as well as compact four-wheel-drive
101:) and urban, intercity and tourist buses (
2550:History of the internal combustion engine
1106:
1104:
1005:
1003:
1001:
336:car plant was established in the city of
1061:"Oldtimer picture gallery. The AMO-F-15"
923:(1958–present) (truck production of the
693:, it started with the production of the
552:(1944–present) manufactured heavy trucks
226:and earn nationwide fame under the name
2540:Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010
1466:Automotive industry in the Soviet Union
997:
817:(1932–present) manufactured small buses
747:, 1932–present) produced light trucks,
426:transformed itself into a new company,
21:automotive industry in the Soviet Union
209:Supreme Soviet of the National Economy
2608:Minor automotive manufacturing groups
2514:Countries by motor vehicle production
1249:"AVTOVAZ Joint Stock Company History"
7:
2715:
679:(1962-2001) manufactured small buses
652:produced rally cars on Lada chassis
164:on August 15, 1918, and renamed to
771:(1969–present) manufactured heavy
408:Commonwealth of Independent States
14:
1422:The Soviet Motor Vehicle Industry
1416:Автомобильная промышленность СССР
955:Sievierodonetsk Auto Repair Plant
2734:
2724:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2560:Timeline of motor vehicle brands
2519:Countries by vehicles per capita
1880:
1855:
1721:
1696:
1661:
1636:
1611:
1581:
1529:
1499:
1474:
1459:
1409:
1396:from the original on 2015-11-23.
1295:from the original on 2015-12-08.
1273:from the original on 2015-12-17.
1255:from the original on 2015-11-24.
1211:from the original on 2017-12-27.
1088:from the original on 2016-11-28.
1067:from the original on 2016-01-06.
805:) manufactured large city buses.
502:-based panel vans and minibuses.
60:Soviet Union satellite countries
404:dissolution of the Soviet Union
2761:Automotive industry by country
982:Automotive industry by country
390:Automotive industry in Ukraine
1:
1114:Geography Of The Soviet Union
701:and upgraded variants of the
386:Automotive industry in Russia
2766:Industry in the Soviet Union
1045:(in Russian). Archived from
1043:"The AMO, known and unknown"
873:used as official state cars.
673:(1967-2012, until 2004 UAMZ)
325:, the long time head of the
1306:Zickel, Raymond E. (1991).
73:from capitalist countries;
41:largest automotive producer
2789:
1267:"The history of Togliatti"
1078:Sutton, Antony C. (1968).
859:6x6 trucks for use in the
615:Frunze Auto-assembly Plant
383:
2700:
2555:History of the motorcycle
2545:History of the automobile
2504:Automobile sales by model
2000:
949:Lugansk Auto Repair Plant
43:, ranking ninth place in
2598:Motorcycle manufacturers
2576:Automobile manufacturers
2509:Best-selling automobiles
909:ZAZ-965/965А Zaporozhets
879:(1987–present) produced
915:Chasiv Yar Repair Plant
410:were integrated into a
327:Italian Communist Party
246:State Defense Committee
2660:Automotive engineering
2090:manufacturers detailed
910:
666:
539:
332:At the same time, the
281:
146:
133:
125:
2381:List of manufacturers
2207:List of manufacturers
2060:List of manufacturers
1143:. CIA. Archived from
1016:. CIA. Archived from
1011:"Automotive Industry"
963:(1923–present) built
925:Yaroslavl Motor Plant
908:
664:
537:
515:(1978–1993) produced
498:(1964–2002) produced
466:List of manufacturers
279:
144:
131:
120:
2650:Auto and motor shows
1418:at Wikimedia Commons
1111:Cole, J. P. (1984).
665:Moskvitch-2141 ALEKO
348:and Moskvitch-based
109:) imported as well.
93:), delivery trucks (
26:first five-year plan
2603:Truck manufacturers
1994:Automotive industry
894:Сhkalovsk Bus Plant
707:VAZ-2108/2109/21099
697:, which started as
137:Early Soviet period
2771:Soviet automobiles
2086:manufacturers list
1189:. Yale University.
1150:on 1 December 2017
1023:on 23 January 2017
911:
835:for the disabled.
667:
590:Estonia (race car)
540:
519:-based small buses
315:Stavropol Volzhsky
282:
205:Ford Motor Company
197:economies of scale
154:October Revolution
147:
134:
126:
2748:
2747:
2655:Automotive design
2593:Bus manufacturers
2586:by parent company
2524:Top manufacturers
2492:
2491:
1960:
1959:
1424:- 1986 CIA report
1414:Media related to
434:Private ownership
323:Palmiro Togliatti
124:on a Soviet stamp
2778:
2738:
2728:
2727:
2718:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2680:list of vehicles
2025:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1964:
1885:
1884:
1860:
1859:
1726:
1725:
1701:
1700:
1666:
1665:
1641:
1640:
1616:
1615:
1586:
1585:
1536:Byelorussian SSR
1534:
1533:
1504:
1503:
1479:
1478:
1464:
1463:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1429:
1413:
1398:
1397:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1343:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1245:
1234:
1233:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1149:
1142:
1134:
1123:
1122:
1108:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1022:
1015:
1007:
530:Byelorussian SSR
480:Byelorussian SSR
2788:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2696:
2638:
2612:
2564:
2528:
2488:
2460:
2425:
2385:
2211:
2064:
2014:
1996:
1991:
1961:
1956:
1915:Stryi Bus Plant
1879:
1874:
1854:
1849:
1720:
1715:
1695:
1690:
1660:
1655:
1635:
1630:
1610:
1605:
1580:
1575:
1528:
1523:
1498:
1493:
1473:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1406:
1401:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
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1404:External links
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1351:on 2011-02-23.
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42:
38:
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29:
27:
22:
2055:South Africa
1728:Russian SFSR
1618:Georgian SSR
1588:Estonian SSR
1481:Armenian SSR
1465:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1346:the original
1332:
1308:
1301:
1279:
1261:
1229:
1204:
1195:
1178:
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1145:the original
1113:
1094:
1080:
1073:
1055:
1047:the original
1037:
1025:. Retrieved
1018:the original
657:Russian SFSR
596:Georgian SSR
579:Estonian SSR
574:-based buses
490:Armenian SSR
484:
472:Russian SFSR
469:
437:
401:
374:
365:
361:
357:
350:
331:
287:
283:
259:
243:
235:
232:
224:World War II
217:
211:established
202:
194:
190:
182:
175:
162:nationalised
151:
148:
64:
57:
37:Soviet Union
30:
20:
18:
2484:New Zealand
2296:Netherlands
2163:South Korea
2153:Philippines
2143:North Korea
1668:Latvian SSR
1643:Kirghiz SSR
1230:eLIBRARY.RU
1154:20 November
1117:. pp.
1027:22 December
965:Zaporozhets
951:(1944–2011)
933:(1948–2013)
896:(1960–1995)
861:Soviet Army
827:SMZ, later
621:Latvian SSR
609:Kirghiz SSR
452:Zaporozhets
442:) and GAZ (
47:, third in
33:dissolution
31:Before its
2755:Categories
2665:Drive time
2197:Uzbekistan
2076:Bangladesh
2020:By country
1323:0844407275
993:References
871:limousines
713:, and the
538:BelAZ-548A
420:GM-AvtoVAZ
402:After the
353:hatchbacks
346:Moskvitchs
291:Volkswagen
158:Russo-Balt
2687:Debadging
2675:Rebadging
2472:Australia
2437:Argentina
2109:Indonesia
1862:Tajik SSR
1761:Moskvitch
1746:AvtoKuban
888:Tajik SSR
833:cyclecars
725:Moskvitch
677:AvtoKuban
448:Moskvitch
380:Post-1991
319:Togliatti
228:Moskvitch
2710:Category
2692:Glossary
2670:Facelift
2335:Slovakia
2228:Bulgaria
2187:Thailand
2148:Pakistan
2131:Malaysia
1783:Izh-Avto
1394:Archived
1392:. 1985.
1293:Archived
1289:Za Rulem
1271:Archived
1253:Archived
1209:Archived
1086:Archived
1065:Archived
976:See also
857:off-road
837:SMZ cars
715:VAZ-1111
711:VAZ-2121
703:Fiat 124
699:licensed
311:Fiat 124
171:AMO-F-15
166:Prombron
122:AMO-F-15
2720:Commons
2581:marques
2533:History
2465:Oceania
2364:Ukraine
2313:Romania
2279:Ireland
2274:Hungary
2262:Germany
2233:Croatia
2223:Belarus
2202:Vietnam
2050:Nigeria
2045:Morocco
1920:AvtoZAZ
1751:AvtoVAZ
1741:Avtokam
1601:Estonia
1314:497-498
843:system.
841:welfare
795:chassis
775:trucks.
763:IzhAvto
683:AvtoVAZ
646:chassis
428:UkrAVTO
416:AvtoVAZ
338:Izhevsk
334:Izhmash
303:Renault
299:Peugeot
250:Kutaisi
178:Citroën
113:History
2740:Portal
2449:Brazil
2409:Mexico
2397:Canada
2352:Sweden
2330:Serbia
2318:Russia
2301:Poland
2250:France
2216:Europe
2192:Turkey
2175:Taiwan
2158:Russia
2028:Africa
1835:UralAZ
1571:Unison
1320:
969:Tavria
853:UralAZ
757:Chaika
753:sedans
709:, the
644:GAZ-51
460:Chaika
396:, and
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262:Poznań
220:Moscow
207:, the
132:NAMI-I
107:Karosa
103:Ikarus
79:Csepel
49:trucks
35:, the
2340:Spain
2284:Italy
2119:Japan
2097:India
2081:China
2040:Kenya
2035:Egypt
1820:NefAZ
1788:KAMAZ
1778:GolAZ
1596:ToARZ
1566:Neman
1544:BelAZ
1514:BakAZ
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1342:(PDF)
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745:Volga
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585:ToARZ
568:Neman
544:BelAZ
513:BakAZ
444:Volga
371:1980s
351:kombi
95:Robur
91:Tatra
67:Volvo
53:buses
2730:List
2497:Data
2114:Iran
2069:Asia
1952:KMDB
1947:KhTZ
1935:IZAA
1930:MeMZ
1910:OdAZ
1900:KrAZ
1895:LuAZ
1870:ChAZ
1813:NATI
1808:NAMI
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1756:AZLK
1736:AMUR
1686:RBVZ
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1519:KiAZ
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1156:2017
1029:2017
967:and
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883:cars
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803:LIAZ
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691:Fiat
687:Lada
671:Amur
650:VFTS
572:LiAZ
562:MZKT
556:MoAZ
523:KiAZ
496:ErAZ
456:LuAZ
450:and
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307:FIAT
305:and
295:Ford
252:and
160:was
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627:RAF
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