53:
851:
3914:
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645:
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636:(PSNS). The SNS controls the more active responses, such as increasing heart rate and blood pressure. The PSNS slows down the heart rate and aids digestion, for example. Symptoms typically arise from abnormal responses of either the sympathetic or parasympathetic systems based on situation or environment.
951:
The prognosis of dysautonomia depends on several factors; people with chronic, progressive, generalized dysautonomia in the setting of central nervous system degeneration such as
Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophy generally have poorer long-term prognoses. Dysautonomia can be fatal due to
2867:
Lara A, Damasceno DD, Pires R, Gros R, Gomes ER, Gavioli M, Lima RF, GuimarĂŁes D, Lima P, Bueno CR, Vasconcelos A, Roman-Campos D, Menezes CA, Sirvente RA, Salemi VM, Mady C, Caron MG, Ferreira AJ, Brum PC, Resende RR, Cruz JS, Gomez MV, Prado VF, de
Almeida AP, Prado MA, Guatimosim S (April 2010).
589:
can sometimes physically manifest symptoms resembling autonomic dysfunction. A thorough investigation ruling out physiological causes is crucial, but in cases where relevant tests are performed and no causes are found or symptoms do not match any known disorders, a primary anxiety disorder is
862:
Treatment of dysautonomia can be difficult; since it is made up of many different symptoms, a combination of drug therapies is often required to manage individual symptomatic complaints. In the case of autoimmune neuropathy, treatment with immunomodulatory therapies is done. If
289:
is available for many symptoms associated with dysautonomia, and some disease processes can be directly treated. Depending on the severity of the dysfunction, dysautonomia can range from being nearly symptomless and transient to disabling and/or life-threatening.
403:
298:
Dysautonomia, a complex set of conditions characterized by autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, manifests clinically with a diverse array of symptoms, of which postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) stands out as the most common.
2965:
2950:
814:
Particularly in the
Russian literature, a subtype of dysautonomia that particularly affects the vascular system has been called vegetative-vascular dystonia. The term "vegetative" reflects an older name for the autonomic nervous system: the
1891:
Sakakibara R, Uchiyama T, Kuwabara S, Mori M, Ito T, Yamamoto T, Awa Y, Yamaguchi C, Yuki N, Vernino S, Kishi M, Shirai K (2009). "Prevalence and mechanism of bladder dysfunction in
Guillain-Barre Syndrome".
2616:
652:
Diagnosis of dysautonomia depends on the overall function of three autonomic functions—cardiovagal, adrenergic, and sudomotor. A diagnosis should at a minimum include measurements of
2617:"Safety Alerts for Human Medical Products — Balloon angioplasty devices to treat autonomic dysfunction: FDA Safety Communication — FDA concern over experimental procedures"
2690:
Stallkamp Tidd SJ, Nowacki AS, Singh T, et al. (2024). "Comorbid anxiety is associated with more changes in the
Management of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome".
2116:"Sympathetic nervous system dysfunction in fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, and interstitial cystitis: a review of case-control studies"
2509:
Loganovsky K (1999). "Vegetative-Vascular
Dystonia and Osteoalgetic Syndrome or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome as a Characteristic After-Effect of Radioecological Disaster".
3084:
660:
while lying flat and after at least three minutes of standing. The best way to make a diagnosis includes a range of testing, notably an autonomic reflex screen,
3983:
3019:
2561:"Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: An Analysis of Cross-Cultural Research, Historical Research, and Patient Narratives of the Diagnostic Experience"
3074:
3443:
1312:
Imamura M, Mukaino A, Takamatsu K, Tsuboi H, Higuchi O, Nakamura H, Abe S, Ando Y, Matsuo H, Nakamura T, Sumida T, Kawakami A, Nakane S (February 2020).
3784:
3107:
1017:
940:
275:
418:(primary dysautonomia) or injury of the autonomic nervous system from an acquired disorder (secondary dysautonomia). Its most common causes include:
285:. Investigations may be performed to identify underlying disease processes that may have led to the development of symptoms or autonomic neuropathy.
3383:
1194:
2922:
2857:
2838:
2814:
2249:
2222:
2195:
2833:(free online version ed.). Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health.
2316:"Cardiac arrhythmias associated with volume-assured pressure support mode in a patient with autonomic dysfunction and mitochondrial disease"
3683:
1002:
2035:
445:
251:
943:(POTS) in which psychiatric diseases might underlie responds to psychiatric intervention/ medication, or shows spontaneous remission.
3819:
3161:
929:
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701:
2066:
Acob, Lori Mae Yvette. (2021). Autonomic
Nervous System Dysfunction – Concussion Alliance. Retrieved 21 September 2021, from
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633:
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The symptoms of dysautonomia, which are numerous and vary widely for each person, are due to inefficient or unbalanced
247:
3005:
2314:
Emanuel H, Ahlstrom K, Mitchell S, McBeth K, Yadav A, Oria CF, Da Costa C, Stark JM, Mosquera RA, Jon C (2021-04-01).
1363:
McIntosh RC (August 2016). "A meta-analysis of HIV and heart rate variability in the era of antiretroviral therapy".
3413:
1848:
Zaeem Z, Siddiqi ZA, Douglas W, Zochodne DW (2019). "Autonomic involvement in
Guillain-Barré syndrome: an update".
766:
559:
470:
450:
1809:
De
Wandele I, Rombaut L, Leybaert L, Van de Borne P, De Backer T, Malfait F, De Paepe A, Calders P (August 2014).
1094:
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957:
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524:
331:
243:
2825:
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Aiba Y, Sakakibara R, Tateno F, Shimizu N (May 2021). "Orthostatic hypotension possibly caused by vincristine".
1411:"Autonomic dysfunction presenting as orthostatic intolerance in patients suffering from mitochondrial cytopathy"
3634:
3556:
3551:
3471:
3231:
3029:
2980:
1638:
Tateno F, Sakakibara R, Aiba Y, Ogata T (2020). "Alcoholism mimicking multiple system atrophy: a case report".
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239:
98:
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Mustafa HI, Fessel JP, Barwise J, Shannon JR, Raj SR, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I, Robertson D (January 2012).
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520:
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1508:"Efficacy of immunotherapy in seropositive and seronegative putative autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy"
1314:"Ganglionic Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies and Autonomic Dysfunction in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases"
3857:
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3595:
3290:
3079:
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1007:
915:
899:
872:
839:
575:
286:
2870:"Dysautonomia due to reduced cholinergic neurotransmission causes cardiac remodeling and heart failure"
2643:"Treatment of long COVID complicated by postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome-Case series research"
3877:
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2715:
2265:
Raj V, Haman KL, Raj SR, Byrne D, Blakely RD, Biaggioni I, Robertson D, Shelton RC (March 2009).
2143:
2096:
1917:
1873:
1663:
1388:
827:
503:
489:
433:
366:
356:
326:
114:
77:
1811:"Dysautonomia and its underlying mechanisms in the hypermobility type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome"
1119:
52:
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2017:
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Kirk KA, Shoykhet M, Jeong JH, Tyler-Kabara EC, Henderson MJ, Bell MJ, Fink EL (August 2012).
1537:
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1253:
864:
730:
683:
385:
176:
118:
65:
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822:
A similar form of this disorder has been historically noticed in various wars, including the
578:, raising the possibility that such dysautonomia could be their common clustering underlying
3619:
3604:
3481:
3356:
3312:
2889:
2881:
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2699:
2662:
2654:
2518:
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2127:
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2007:
1999:
1956:
1948:
1901:
1857:
1822:
1753:
1745:
1734:"Predominant Glandular Cholinergic Dysautonomia in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome"
1704:
1694:
1647:
1610:
1602:
1527:
1519:
1480:
1438:
1422:
1372:
1335:
1325:
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1243:
1235:
2997:
2114:
MartĂnez-MartĂnez LA, Mora T, Vargas A, Fuentes-Iniestra M, MartĂnez-LavĂn M (April 2014).
1810:
3947:
3892:
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3656:
3600:
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3221:
3201:
1795:
989:
919:
911:
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850:
752:
725:
661:
609:
512:
271:
2418:
1095:"Dysautonomia Information Page | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"
1067:
230:, and blood vessels. Dysautonomia has many causes, not all of which may be classified as
2785:
2667:
2642:
2012:
1985:
3779:
3733:
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3476:
3295:
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1248:
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831:
653:
90:
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1732:
Imrich R, Alevizos I, Bebris L, Goldstein DS, Holmes CS, Illei GG, Nikolov NP (2015).
3972:
3862:
3651:
3646:
3508:
3448:
3351:
2850:
Integrative action of the autonomic nervous system : neurobiology of homeostasis
2719:
2100:
1826:
1667:
1606:
1224:"Treatment of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson disease and other synucleinopathies"
965:
903:
891:
868:
376:
315:
161:
Inadequacy of sympathetic, or parasympathetic, components of autonomic nervous system
94:
86:
17:
2147:
1921:
1877:
1392:
932:, is specifically not approved in the United States to treat autonomic dysfunction.
3927:
3867:
3852:
3678:
3403:
3253:
3238:
3184:
1161:
697:
579:
563:
336:
282:
223:
102:
82:
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231:
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138:
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1952:
1651:
3699:
3666:
3438:
3388:
3373:
3368:
3361:
3346:
3336:
2852:(Digitally printed version. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2751:
2734:
2214:
The
Handbook of Adult Clinical Psychology: An Evidence Based Practice Approach
1861:
1699:
1484:
1376:
979:
895:
784:
770:
657:
613:
484:
423:
311:
219:
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2339:
2282:
2267:"Psychiatric profile and attention deficits in postural tachycardia syndrome"
1506:
Iodice V, Kimpinski K, Vernino S, Sandroni P, Fealey RD, Low PA (June 2009).
1471:
Peltier AC (June 2024). "Autonomic Dysfunction from Diagnosis to Treatment".
1434:
306:
signals sent via both systems. Symptoms in people with dysautonomia include:
281:
Diagnosis is made by functional testing of the ANS, focusing on the affected
3887:
3629:
3624:
3488:
3466:
3341:
3305:
2959:
2372:
953:
707:
665:
346:
341:
130:
126:
110:
70:
2903:
2760:
2711:
2676:
2545:
2495:
2404:
2357:
2300:
2139:
2021:
1970:
1913:
1869:
1834:
1767:
1718:
1659:
1624:
1541:
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1452:
1384:
1349:
1298:
1257:
2578:
2522:
3393:
3170:
2885:
1330:
788:
632:
and comprises two branches: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the
546:
455:
411:
321:
259:
150:
146:
106:
2163:"Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): a diagnostic dilemma"
3872:
3332:
3300:
3193:
2560:
2092:
2068:
https://www.concussionalliance.org/autonomic-nervous-system-dysfunction
1068:"Autonomic Neuropathy Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes"
586:
533:
215:
142:
2942:
2331:
1905:
1749:
1426:
1239:
2954:
2658:
2003:
774:
541:
537:
227:
210:(ANS) does not work properly. This may affect the functioning of the
1683:"Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome"
1273:"Neurological manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome(s): A review"
675:
Additional tests and examinations to diagnose dysautonomia include:
594:
index may have better predictivity for anxiety disorders, while the
2538:
Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii, I Lechebnoi Fizicheskoi Kultury
2115:
1409:
Kanjwal K, Karabin B, Kanjwal Y, Saeed B, Grubb BP (October 2010).
964:. Autonomic dysfunction symptoms such as orthostatic hypotension,
849:
401:
211:
2536:
Ivanova ES, Mukharliamov FI, Razumov AN, Uianaeva AI (2008). "".
1120:"Dysautonomia | Autonomic Nervous System Disorders | MedlinePlus"
598:
may misleadingly suggest anxiety for patients with dysautonomia.
2579:"H2 Blockers. Reducing stomach acid with H2 Blockers. | Patient"
710:
479:
3143:
3001:
1782:"Dysautonomia: Malfunctions in Your Body's Automatic Functions"
1162:"Autonomic Neuropathy. Information about AN. Patient | Patient"
2419:"Autonomic Nervous System — National Library of Medicine"
2373:"Autonomic dysfunction in epilepsy and mitochondrial diseases"
2238:
Tasman A, Kay J, First MB, Lieberman JA, Riba M (2015-03-30).
475:
590:
possible but should not be presumed. For such patients, the
3139:
234:. A number of conditions can feature dysautonomia, such as
737:
Tests to elucidate the cause of dysautonomia can include:
585:
In addition to sometimes being a symptom of dysautonomia,
27:
Any disease or malfunction of the autonomic nervous system
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
939:(OH) in which neurodegenerative diseases might underlie,
2733:
Vinik AI, Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Freeman R (May 2003).
1937:"Neuromuscular presentations in patients with COVID-19"
834:. This disorder was called "irritable heart syndrome" (
2641:
Tsuchida T, Ishibashi Y, Inoue Y, et al. (2023).
562:(SNS), predominant dysautonomia is common along with
2932:
181:
Ambulatory Blood pressure, as well as EKG monitoring
3830:
3768:
3529:
3457:
3412:
3321:
3192:
3177:
3116:
3093:
3067:
3036:
2936:
2161:Soliman K, Sturman S, Sarkar PK, Michael A (2010).
1986:"Long COVID: mechanisms, risk factors and recovery"
185:
175:
165:
157:
76:
64:
42:
37:
2271:Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
515:, a group of neurodegenerative diseases including
3085:Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
2036:"Paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system"
2425:. National Center for Biotechnology Information
1466:
1464:
1462:
972:are more frequently identified in mortalities.
2807:The autonomic nervous system and its effectors
1935:Paliwal VK, Garg RK, Gupta A, Tejan N (2020).
902:type-5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor). To treat
894:autonomic neuropathy, medications may include
604:can have autonomic dysfunction manifesting as
3155:
3013:
8:
2911:Schiffer RB, Rao SM, Fogel BS (2003-01-01).
680:Ambulatory blood pressure and EKG monitoring
3075:Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy
1591:"Dysautonomia after pediatric brain injury"
1217:
1215:
3444:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
3189:
3162:
3148:
3140:
3020:
3006:
2998:
2933:
2462:"Dysautonomia: perioperative implications"
1595:Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
51:
34:
3785:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
3108:Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
2893:
2750:
2666:
2485:
2347:
2290:
2190:. Oxford University Press, Incorporated.
2011:
1960:
1757:
1708:
1698:
1614:
1531:
1442:
1339:
1329:
1288:
1247:
1018:Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
941:postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
918:can be used. Intracutaneous injection of
672:, QSART or thermoregulatory sweat test).
276:postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
643:
46:Autonomic failure, Autonomic dysfunction
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
1271:Castori M, Voermans NC (October 2014).
1062:
1060:
1058:
1034:
922:type A can also be used in some cases.
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
2917:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1984:Astin R, Banerjee A, Hall CN (2023).
1404:
1402:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1089:
1087:
755:for infectious/ inflammatory diseases
7:
3923:
3684:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
1815:Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
1003:Dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency
883:used for digestive symptoms such as
871:is important. Treatment can include
3984:Peripheral nervous system disorders
3933:
2565:Senior Honors Theses & Projects
2511:Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
2081:Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience
1222:Palma JA, Kaufmann H (March 2018).
446:autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy
252:autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy
3820:Medical Scientist Training Program
2704:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.01.003
2320:Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
930:transvascular autonomic modulation
25:
2184:Ackerman K, DiMartini AF (2015).
3952:
3942:
3932:
3922:
3913:
3912:
2827:Principles of Autonomic Medicine
2778:
2371:Parikh S, Gupta A (March 2013).
2211:Carr A, McNulty M (2016-03-31).
2120:Journal of Clinical Rheumatology
1827:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.12.006
1607:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04322.x
982:
838:) in 1871 by American physician
691:Electrochemical skin conductance
3953:
2735:"Diabetic autonomic neuropathy"
2603:"Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy"
2377:Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
830:, and among British troops who
765:Evaluation of brain and spinal
3810:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
3244:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
2874:Molecular and Cellular Biology
858:receptor antagonist cimetidine
743:acute (intermittent) porphyria
634:parasympathetic nervous system
1:
2809:. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
2167:British Journal of Cardiology
494:meningitis-retention syndrome
3790:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
3557:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
2478:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31823db712
2132:10.1097/RHU.0000000000000089
1738:Arthritis & Rheumatology
1524:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a92b52
1277:Iranian Journal of Neurology
810:Vegetative-vascular dystonia
785:MIBG myocardial scintigraphy
442:systemic lupus erythematosus
206:is a condition in which the
60:The autonomic nervous system
1796:"Dysautonomia in Sjögren's"
722:Thermoregulatory sweat test
410:Dysautonomia may be due to
4000:
2389:10.1016/j.spen.2013.01.003
1953:10.1007/s10072-020-04708-8
1652:10.1007/s10286-020-00708-y
767:magnetic resonance imaging
560:sympathetic nervous system
451:Craniocervical instability
189:Symptomatic and supportive
3908:
2752:10.2337/diacare.26.5.1553
2559:Halstead M (2018-01-01).
2244:. John Wiley & Sons.
1862:10.1007/s10286-018-0542-y
1700:10.3389/fimmu.2021.702505
1485:10.1016/j.pop.2024.02.006
1377:10.1007/s10286-016-0366-6
958:acute respiratory failure
867:is the cause, control of
817:vegetative nervous system
797:dementia with Lewy bodies
630:peripheral nervous system
602:Mitochondrial cytopathies
525:dementia with Lewy bodies
244:dementia with Lewy bodies
59:
50:
3979:Autonomic nervous system
3744:Transplantation medicine
3635:Clinical neurophysiology
3552:Obstetric anesthesiology
3472:Interventional radiology
3232:Digestive system surgery
3030:autonomic nervous system
2283:10.1136/jnnp.2008.144360
2241:Psychiatry, 2 Volume Set
1681:Davies K, Ng WF (2021).
1573:MedlinePlus Encyclopedia
762:for autonomic neuropathy
626:autonomic nervous system
572:irritable bowel syndrome
568:chronic fatigue syndrome
208:autonomic nervous system
3615:Intensive care medicine
3589:Mass gathering medicine
3434:Maternal–fetal medicine
3129:Multiple system atrophy
3103:Orthostatic hypotension
3095:Orthostatic intolerance
1991:Experimental Physiology
1687:Frontiers in Immunology
1197:. NINDS. Archived from
1023:Orthostatic intolerance
937:orthostatic hypotension
779:multiple system atrophy
718:orthostatic intolerance
606:orthostatic intolerance
529:multiple system atrophy
499:Paraneoplastic syndrome
471:Guillain-Barré syndrome
362:Orthostatic hypotension
264:mitochondrial cytopathy
248:Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
240:multiple system atrophy
171:Alcoholism and Diabetes
99:orthostatic hypotension
3207:Cardiothoracic surgery
3059:Pure autonomic failure
2187:Psychosomatic Medicine
1072:emedicine.medscape.com
962:cardiopulmonary arrest
873:proton-pump inhibitors
859:
801:pure autonomic failure
760:nerve conduction study
702:small fiber neuropathy
649:
628:is a component of the
596:Beck Anxiety Inventory
517:pure autonomic failure
508:traumatic brain injury
466:Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
461:Eaton-Lambert syndrome
407:
268:pure autonomic failure
3858:Personalized medicine
3717:Reproductive medicine
3642:Occupational medicine
3596:Evolutionary medicine
3080:Familial dysautonomia
3049:Autonomic dysreflexia
2523:10.1300/J092v07n03_02
1941:Neurological Sciences
1008:Familial dysautonomia
928:, a procedure called
900:guanine monophosphate
853:
694:Hyperventilation test
664:, and testing of the
647:
576:interstitial cystitis
405:
347:Difficulty swallowing
287:Symptomatic treatment
204:autonomic dysfunction
18:Autonomic instability
3878:Traditional medicine
3838:Alternative medicine
3705:Addiction psychiatry
3519:Transfusion medicine
3514:Medical microbiology
3429:Gynecologic oncology
3281:Reproductive surgery
3054:Autonomic neuropathy
2886:10.1128/MCB.00996-09
2824:Goldstein D (2016).
1578:Autonomic neuropathy
1331:10.3390/ijms21041332
998:autonomic neuropathy
881:receptor antagonists
382:Urinary incontinence
352:Exercise intolerance
256:autonomic neuropathy
135:exercise intolerance
123:urinary incontinence
3900:History of medicine
3883:Veterinary medicine
3690:Preventive medicine
3542:Adolescent medicine
3384:Infectious diseases
2692:Gen Hosp Psychiatry
1415:Clinical Cardiology
926:Balloon angioplasty
836:Da Costa's syndrome
793:Parkinson's disease
749:cerebrospinal fluid
713:reflex test (QSART)
592:anxiety sensitivity
521:Parkinson's disease
416:neurologic diseases
236:Parkinson's disease
3848:Molecular oncology
3805:Doctor of Medicine
3795:Master of Medicine
3712:Radiation oncology
3584:Emergency medicine
3537:Addiction medicine
3504:Clinical chemistry
3499:Clinical pathology
3291:Transplant surgery
3249:Orthopedic surgery
3227:Colorectal surgery
2805:Brading A (1999).
2788:has a profile for
2093:10.1111/ncn3.12517
1798:. 26 October 2023.
970:gustatory sweating
860:
828:American Civil War
650:
504:Spinal cord injury
490:Multiple sclerosis
438:Sjögren's syndrome
434:Autoimmune disease
408:
357:Low blood pressure
327:Bowel incontinence
294:Signs and symptoms
115:bowel incontinence
3966:
3965:
3800:Master of Surgery
3764:
3763:
3749:Tropical medicine
3695:Prison healthcare
3610:Hospital medicine
3574:Disaster medicine
3564:Aviation medicine
3379:Hospital medicine
3286:Surgical oncology
3271:Pediatric surgery
3265:
3212:Endocrine surgery
3137:
3136:
3124:Horner's syndrome
2995:
2994:
2924:978-0-7817-2655-9
2859:978-0-521-06754-6
2840:978-0-8247-0408-7
2816:978-0-632-02624-1
2794:
2332:10.5664/jcsm.9024
2251:978-1-118-84547-9
2224:978-1-317-57614-3
2197:978-0-19-932931-1
1947:(11): 3039–3056.
1906:10.1002/nau.20663
1750:10.1002/art.39044
1427:10.1002/clc.20805
1240:10.1002/mds.27344
1099:www.ninds.nih.gov
865:diabetes mellitus
731:Valsalva maneuver
684:Cold pressor test
648:Valsalva maneuver
386:urinary retention
200:autonomic failure
193:
192:
177:Diagnostic method
119:urinary retention
32:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3991:
3956:
3955:
3946:
3936:
3935:
3926:
3925:
3916:
3915:
3620:Medical genetics
3605:General practice
3482:Nuclear medicine
3357:Gastroenterology
3313:Vascular surgery
3263:
3190:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3141:
3028:Diseases of the
3022:
3015:
3008:
2999:
2934:
2928:
2907:
2897:
2863:
2848:Jänig W (2008).
2844:
2832:
2820:
2792:
2782:
2781:
2765:
2764:
2754:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2670:
2659:10.1002/jgf2.670
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2489:
2457:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2351:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2294:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2015:
2004:10.1113/EP090802
1981:
1975:
1974:
1964:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1894:Neurourol Urodyn
1888:
1882:
1881:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1761:
1744:(5): 1345–1352.
1729:
1723:
1722:
1712:
1702:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1586:
1580:
1569:
1546:
1545:
1535:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1468:
1457:
1456:
1446:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1343:
1333:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1292:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1191:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1158:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1091:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1064:
992:
987:
986:
985:
608:, sleep-related
414:or degenerative
55:
35:
21:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3904:
3893:Chief physician
3826:
3771:
3760:
3754:Travel medicine
3739:Sports medicine
3722:Sexual medicine
3662:Palliative care
3657:Pain management
3601:Family medicine
3579:Diving medicine
3525:
3453:
3415:
3408:
3324:
3317:
3276:Plastic surgery
3222:General surgery
3202:Cardiac surgery
3183:
3181:
3173:
3168:
3138:
3133:
3112:
3089:
3063:
3032:
3026:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2945:
2931:
2925:
2914:Neuropsychiatry
2910:
2866:
2860:
2847:
2841:
2830:
2823:
2817:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2772:Further reading
2769:
2768:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2587:
2585:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2459:
2458:
2437:
2428:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2029:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1570:
1549:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1470:
1469:
1460:
1421:(10): 626–629.
1408:
1407:
1400:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1204:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1179:
1170:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1103:
1101:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1076:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1036:
1031:
990:Medicine portal
988:
983:
981:
978:
949:
935:In contrast to
920:botulinum toxin
912:trihexyphenidyl
910:agents such as
908:anticholinergic
880:
857:
848:
832:colonized India
812:
806:
753:lumbar puncture
741:Evaluation for
735:
726:Tilt table test
662:tilt table test
642:
622:
610:hypoventilation
556:
513:Synucleinopathy
400:
395:
296:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3997:
3995:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3971:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3950:
3940:
3930:
3920:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3834:
3832:
3831:Related topics
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3780:Medical school
3776:
3774:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3734:Sleep medicine
3731:
3730:
3729:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3547:Anesthesiology
3544:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3477:Neuroradiology
3474:
3463:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3414:Obstetrics and
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3298:
3296:Trauma surgery
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3259:Otolaryngology
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3187:
3185:subspecialties
3175:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2977:
2962:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:Classification
2930:
2929:
2923:
2908:
2880:(7): 1746–56.
2864:
2858:
2845:
2839:
2821:
2815:
2801:
2793:(Dysautonomia)
2784:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2745:(5): 1553–79.
2725:
2682:
2633:
2608:
2594:
2570:
2551:
2528:
2501:
2466:Anesthesiology
2435:
2410:
2363:
2326:(4): 853–857.
2306:
2257:
2250:
2230:
2223:
2203:
2196:
2176:
2153:
2106:
2087:(4): 365–366.
2071:
2052:
2027:
1976:
1927:
1900:(5): 432–437.
1883:
1856:(3): 289–299.
1850:Clin Auton Res
1840:
1801:
1787:
1773:
1724:
1673:
1646:(6): 581–584.
1640:Clin Auton Res
1630:
1581:
1547:
1518:(23): 2002–8.
1498:
1479:(2): 359–373.
1458:
1398:
1365:Clin Auton Res
1355:
1304:
1283:(4): 190–208.
1263:
1211:
1195:"Dysautonomia"
1177:
1136:
1111:
1083:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1013:Reflex syncope
1010:
1005:
1000:
994:
993:
977:
974:
948:
945:
878:
855:
847:
844:
811:
808:
804:
803:
783:Evaluation of
781:
763:
758:Evaluation of
756:
747:Evaluation of
745:
734:
733:
728:
723:
720:
714:
704:
695:
692:
689:
688:Deep breathing
686:
681:
677:
654:blood pressure
641:
638:
621:
618:
555:
554:
544:
540:involving the
531:
510:
501:
496:
487:
482:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
431:
426:
420:
399:
396:
394:
393:
388:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
318:
308:
295:
292:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
179:
173:
172:
169:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
80:
74:
73:
68:
62:
61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3996:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3959:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3931:
3929:
3921:
3919:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3863:Public health
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3843:Allied health
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3767:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3652:Oral medicine
3650:
3648:
3647:Ophthalmology
3645:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:Cytopathology
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3450:
3449:Urogynecology
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3352:Endocrinology
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3023:
3018:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2926:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2829:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2791:Dysautonomia
2787:
2771:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2739:Diabetes Care
2736:
2729:
2726:
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3853:Nanomedicine
3404:Rheumatology
3335: /
3254:Hand surgery
3239:Neurosurgery
3044:Dysautonomia
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2964:
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2039:
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1940:
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1203:. Retrieved
1199:the original
1169:. Retrieved
1166:Patient info
1165:
1127:. Retrieved
1123:
1114:
1102:. Retrieved
1098:
1075:. Retrieved
1071:
960:, or sudden
950:
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924:
889:
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736:
716:Testing for
698:Nerve biopsy
674:
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600:
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580:pathogenesis
564:fibromyalgia
557:
409:
337:Constipation
301:
297:
283:organ system
280:
224:sweat glands
203:
199:
196:Dysautonomia
195:
194:
167:Risk factors
103:constipation
38:Dysautonomia
29:
3938:Wikiproject
3727:Venereology
3672:Neonatology
3569:Dermatology
3424:Gynaecology
3416:gynaecology
3399:Pulmonology
3217:Eye surgery
3179:Specialties
2517:(3): 3–16.
2040:Mayo Clinic
1324:(4): 1332.
916:scopolamine
885:acid reflux
824:Crimean War
614:arrhythmias
551:vincristine
429:Amyloidosis
406:Vincristine
391:Sleep apnea
372:Tachycardia
232:neuropathic
139:tachycardia
43:Other names
3973:Categories
3700:Psychiatry
3686:(PM&R)
3679:Phlebology
3667:Pediatrics
3494:Anatomical
3459:Diagnostic
3439:Obstetrics
3389:Nephrology
3374:Hematology
3369:Geriatrics
3362:Hepatology
3347:Cardiology
3337:Immunology
3068:Hereditary
2626:5 December
2588:2016-02-21
2540:(1): 4–7.
2429:2016-02-21
2173:(1): 36–9.
1367:(Review).
1320:(Review).
1230:(Review).
1228:Mov Disord
1205:2012-04-03
1171:2016-02-21
1077:2016-02-21
1029:References
896:sildenafil
846:Management
771:myelopathy
668:response (
658:heart rate
485:Long COVID
436:, such as
424:Alcoholism
320:Blurry or
312:Anhydrosis
220:intestines
83:Anhidrosis
3888:Physician
3772:education
3630:Neurology
3625:Narcology
3489:Pathology
3467:Radiology
3342:Angiology
3306:Andrology
2720:266997580
2397:1558-0776
2340:1550-9397
2101:235628396
1668:220260700
1512:Neurology
1473:Prim Care
1435:1932-8737
1129:2 January
1104:2 January
954:pneumonia
947:Prognosis
890:To treat
708:sudomotor
666:sudomotor
640:Diagnosis
620:Mechanism
412:inherited
342:Dizziness
332:Brain fog
186:Treatment
131:brain fog
127:dizziness
111:dysphagia
71:Neurology
66:Specialty
3918:Category
3394:Oncology
3325:medicine
3323:Internal
3171:Medicine
2904:20123977
2761:12716821
2712:38224642
2677:38240001
2668:10792321
2546:18376477
2496:22143168
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2301:18977825
2148:23799955
2140:24662556
2022:36412084
2013:10103775
1971:32935156
1922:25617551
1914:19260087
1878:49868730
1870:30019292
1835:24507822
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1660:32607716
1625:22712762
1542:19506222
1493:38692780
1453:20960537
1393:20256879
1385:27395409
1350:32079137
1299:25632331
1258:29508455
976:See also
789:DaT scan
547:Toxicity
456:Diabetes
304:efferent
260:HIV/AIDS
151:pruritus
147:weakness
107:diarrhea
78:Symptoms
3958:Outline
3928:Commons
3873:Therapy
3770:Medical
3333:Allergy
3301:Urology
3194:Surgery
3037:General
2986:D001342
2895:2838086
2786:Scholia
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2621:fda.gov
2583:Patient
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2349:8020692
2292:2758320
1962:7491599
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1710:8350514
1616:3393822
1533:2837591
1444:6653231
1341:7073227
1290:4300794
1249:5844369
587:anxiety
558:In the
534:Surgery
367:Syncope
216:bladder
143:vertigo
3948:Portal
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968:, and
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574:, and
542:nerves
538:injury
398:Causes
274:, and
272:autism
228:pupils
158:Causes
3530:Other
3117:Other
2975:337.9
2831:(PDF)
2716:S2CID
2144:S2CID
2097:S2CID
1918:S2CID
1874:S2CID
1664:S2CID
1389:S2CID
854:The H
212:heart
202:, or
2981:MeSH
2970:9-CM
2919:ISBN
2900:PMID
2854:ISBN
2835:ISBN
2811:ISBN
2757:PMID
2708:PMID
2673:PMID
2628:2020
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2492:PMID
2401:PMID
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2246:ISBN
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2192:ISBN
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2047:2016
2018:PMID
1967:PMID
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1866:PMID
1831:PMID
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1715:PMID
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1449:PMID
1431:ISSN
1381:PMID
1346:PMID
1295:PMID
1254:PMID
1131:2018
1106:2018
875:and
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799:and
791:for
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777:and
769:for
711:axon
700:for
656:and
624:The
612:and
527:and
480:AIDS
478:and
254:and
149:and
3264:ENT
3182:and
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2960:G90
2951:ICD
2890:PMC
2882:doi
2747:doi
2700:doi
2663:PMC
2655:doi
2519:doi
2482:PMC
2474:doi
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1238::
1208:.
1174:.
1133:.
1108:.
1080:.
879:2
877:H
856:2
553:)
549:(
153:.
20:)
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