1906:
228:
157:
1385:
1375:
30:
252:
from 893,000 metric tons (984,000 short tons; 879,000 long tons) to 3,470,000 metric tons (3,830,000 short tons; 3,420,000 long tons). As of 2003, the land area under this cultivar was 348,769 ha (861,830 acres) with a production of 2,583,226 metric tons (2,847,519 short tons; 2,542,428 long tons) a year.
335:
Its export potential is constrained due to the quality of the product. Exports increased more than 4-fold in the period from 2000 to 2011, and in 2011 it accounted for 27.45 percent of its total production of 12,640,000 metric tons (13,930,000 short tons; 12,440,000 long tons). Its export in the raw
344:
to encourage cross-continental exchange. Avocado products like avocado pulp, avocado paste and guacamole are more popular for exports, and in this form its export to the US matched the import of value of all imported fresh avocados. The exports of avocados from Mexico in the U.S reached 1.7 billion
251:
During the period 2001 to 2011, its production increased from 9,400,000 metric tons (10,400,000 short tons; 9,300,000 long tons) to 12,640,000 metric tons (13,930,000 short tons; 12,440,000 long tons). During the same period, exports from Mexico, which was the largest among all countries, increased
311:
found that one-fourth of avocado plantations are in Key
Biological Areas (KBAs), which are defined as areas vital to the preservation of threatened species. This suggests that avocado expansion in Michoacán is negatively influencing the region's biodiversity. Avocado plantations also contribute to
247:
The favourable conditions for large production in the country is on account of availability of land, cheap labour, and rainfall pattern. Harvesting techniques incorporate hand-held poles and baskets, picking the crop when it is mature, though still hard. In 1985, production estimates were 401,000
235:
Mexican avocado production is concentrated in
Michoacán state in west central Mexico. Accounting for 92% of the country's production of the crop, Michoacán leads the world in avocado production, with approximately 106,000 hectares (260,000 acres). The yield reported from Michoacán is 4 metric tons
191:
with some
Mexican genes. It produced fruits that were a darker shade of purple than many were accustomed to, but was tastier, less oily, and kept better. Hass’ profits from his patent through its expiration in 1960 summed a meager $ 4800. Today, more than 85% of avocados grown globally are of the
298:
Avocado supply chains are opaque, involve multiple actors, and cross vast distances. This opacity reduces communication across the supply chain, suppresses information on production conditions, and increases the risk of environmental and social harm. Mexican exporters maintain a farm-tracking
259:
reported 21,511 producers of avocado in Mexico out of which 10,000 were from
Michoacán. This also created 279 packinghouses and domestic traders and 17 packinghouses/exporters. Fourteen processing industries came to be established which produced products such as
902:
Bravo-Espinosa, M.; Mendoza, M. E.; CarlóN Allende, T.; Medina, L.; Sáenz-Reyes, J. T.; Páez, R. (September 2014). "Effects of converting forest to avocado orchards on topsoil properties in the trans-Mexican volcanic system, Mexico".
858:
Cho, Kimin; Goldstein, Benjamin; Gounaridis, Dimitrios; Newell, Joshua P. (January 2021). "Where does your guacamole come from? Detecting deforestation associated with the export of avocados from Mexico to the United States".
236:
per hectare (1.6 long ton/acre; 1.8 short ton/acre) and can reach up to 8 metric tons per hectare (3.2 long ton/acre; 3.6 short ton/acre), much higher than comparable figures in the
48:
with the country being the world's largest producer of the crop. Mexico supplies 45 percent of the international avocado market. Of the 57 avocado producing countries, the other major producers are
133:
and other indigenous groups thought that the form of a fruit contributed to its properties. Therefore, eating avocado promoted strength and virility. 16th-century
Spanish colonial documentation of
606:
Galindo-Tovar, MarĂa Elena; Ogata-Aguilar, Nisao; Arzate-Fernández, Amaury M. (May 2008). "Some aspects of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) diversity and domestication in
Mesoamerica".
340:. Beginning in 1914, the US began restricting avocado imports to reduce the chances of weevil outbreaks. These restrictions were eliminated in 1997, building on momentum from the
1065:
1089:
1421:
777:
2027:
1044:
1715:
1700:
1332:
671:
382:
153:, who believed in the rebirth of their ancestors as trees and were therefore known to surround their houses with fruit trees, including avocados.
126:
including the United States. It is a "functional food" in the
Americas; the many varieties which grow in Mexico suit the climatic conditions.
1156:
1118:
700:
655:
2037:
2007:
1870:
1667:
1637:
1542:
179:
cultivar were established, and it became the country's leading cultivar. This cultivar emerged when a postal worker in
Southern California,
993:
207:, the majority of avocados produced in Mexico are consumed in the country. Fresh domestic consumption for 2010-11 was forecast at 806,119
2032:
1662:
341:
1947:
1592:
1187:
1026:
2012:
1642:
1414:
1790:
1482:
759:
307:
Avocado plantations are associated with nearly one-fifth of deforestation in
Michoacán state from 2001 to 2017. A 2021 study from
1860:
1532:
1962:
1880:
1725:
1547:
1442:
1322:
446:
337:
1952:
1597:
2094:
1885:
1552:
1129:
2002:
1632:
556:
2055:
2017:
1652:
1355:
826:
Hayden, Patrick (December 2010). "The
Relevance of Hannah Arendt's Reflections on Evil: Globalization and Rightlessness".
2072:
2060:
2050:
1997:
1967:
1647:
2022:
1693:
1657:
1407:
184:
1992:
1865:
1800:
1735:
1627:
1537:
1487:
1447:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1775:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1467:
1008:
187:
to experiment with growing high-yield avocado trees. The graft he settled upon and patented in 1935 was predominantly
134:
99:
where its ancient history, established by archaeological evidence from Claude Earle Smith Jr., who discovered avocado
1972:
1895:
1840:
1810:
1730:
1607:
1522:
1497:
1927:
1875:
1850:
1825:
1785:
1770:
1740:
1572:
1507:
1477:
1452:
1957:
1942:
1937:
1890:
1830:
1805:
1795:
1750:
1602:
1587:
1582:
1512:
1492:
1360:
473:
1845:
1815:
1760:
1755:
1745:
1527:
1462:
1457:
802:
415:
364:
In late 2010s and early 2020s avocado farming in Mexico has been significantly impacted by gang racketeering (see
1932:
1820:
1765:
1577:
1502:
1285:
1855:
1780:
1472:
942:
1280:
736:
299:
database at the carton level, but they only communicate the country of origin to retailers and end-consumers.
1686:
1388:
316:
and pollution from agrochemical use. These pressures show no sign of abating as exports continue to climb.
1204:
1180:
853:
851:
849:
377:
352:
In February 18, 2022, Mexico and the United States agreed "to enact the measures that ensure safety" of
912:
868:
1914:
1295:
739:. Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
108:
227:
1232:
57:
1290:
1173:
1152:
1114:
1108:
1083:
884:
651:
142:
45:
1146:
349:, as American per capita consumption of avocados has increased seven-fold from 2000 to 2016.
2099:
1378:
1315:
1310:
1049:
973:
962:"Socio-Environmental Impacts of the Avocado Boom in the Meseta Purépecha, Michoacán, Mexico"
920:
876:
835:
643:
615:
156:
115:
29:
638:
Ayala Silva, Tomas; Ledesma, Noris (2014). "Avocado History, Biodiversity and Production".
1252:
585:
160:
72:
272:
and non-refined oil. These activities created more than 40,000 direct jobs, about 70,000
1066:"Mexico's avocados and arms trafficking: The criminal combination suffocating Michoacán"
916:
872:
1305:
365:
313:
172:
104:
96:
80:
1399:
2088:
1678:
1227:
1217:
778:"TancĂtaro, "avocado capital of the world" has become an independent city-state: NYT"
320:
277:
273:
119:
453:
17:
1300:
1262:
1257:
1222:
524:
180:
176:
150:
122:
state has remnants of primitive avocado trees. It spread to other countries in the
84:
1137:
880:
324:
283:
68:
495:
493:
491:
1212:
737:"Avocados: A Brief Introduction into the Complexities of an Agribusiness Sector"
647:
353:
204:
146:
138:
701:"Mexico - Avocado Annual Record Production Forecast for Marketing Year 2010/11"
672:"Gardening: 'Hass' avocado patent didn't earn Rudolph Hass as much as he hoped"
839:
619:
241:
237:
192:
Hass variety. Hass avocados have shown susceptibility to pests such as Persea
447:"Commercial Horticulture: What do we know about Mexico's avocado production?"
280:
permanent jobs in farming, harvesting, packing, transporting, and marketing.
1919:
1242:
261:
212:
188:
100:
1237:
888:
642:. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity. Vol. 2. pp. 157–205.
1905:
356:, after one US inspector received a threat "against him and his family."
216:
123:
76:
49:
346:
1350:
1196:
978:
961:
287:
41:
924:
265:
197:
164:
130:
112:
34:
203:
In 2007, the avocado was Mexico's fifth-ranked fruit crop. Being a
1247:
760:"Mexico's avocado army: how one city stood up to the drug cartels"
269:
226:
208:
61:
28:
319:
Several studies point to avocado expansion as the main driver of
219:), representing an 8.45 percent increase over the previous year.
193:
137:
reaffirms this association, noting the fruit's reputation as an
53:
1682:
1403:
1169:
141:, as well as its propensity for aiding childbirth and reducing
499:
401:
256:
183:, took a leap of faith to purchase a small 1.5-acre grove in
290:
capital of the world" and holds an annual Avocado Festival.
1165:
1148:
Fruit and Tree Nuts Situation and Outlook Report March 2001
1009:"Will Mexico's Growing Avocado Industry Harm Its Forests?"
960:
de la Vega-Rivera, Alfonso; Merino-PĂ©rez, Leticia (2021).
175:
cultivar were established; two decades later, orchards of
336:
form is limited due to the problem of several species of
149:. The avocado likely also held cultural meaning for the
1045:"US paves way for resumption of Mexico avocado exports"
994:"Forests Falling Fast to Make Way for Mexican Avocado"
248:
metric tons (442,000 short tons; 395,000 long tons).
416:"Rising Demand for Avocado: What to expect in 2018?"
67:
The 'Avocado Belt of the Mexican Republic' includes
1913:
1714:
1561:
1435:
1343:
1273:
1203:
1134:
South African Avocado Growers' Association Yearbook
1064:Jordan, Stephania Corpi, Toya Sarno (2023-11-11).
1027:"How the Avocado Became the Fruit of Global Trade"
694:
692:
1128:Sanchez Colin, S; Barrientos Priego, A (1987).
440:
438:
436:
231:Hass is the leading avocado cultivar in Mexico.
1694:
1415:
1181:
1145:U.S. Department of Agriculture (March 2001).
8:
2028:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1088:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
118:, that date back to about 10,000 years ago.
1130:"Avocado production and breeding in Mexico"
1701:
1687:
1679:
1422:
1408:
1400:
1188:
1174:
1166:
758:Flannery, Nathaniel Parish (18 May 2017).
500:Sanchez Colin & Barrientos Priego 1987
129:Ancient residents of Mexico including the
977:
941:PĂ©rez, David Marcial (11 February 2019).
1110:Breeding Tropical and Subtropical Fruits
155:
1007:MondragĂłn, Mauricio (4 February 2020).
699:Hernandez, Gabriel (December 1, 2010).
452:. University of Florida. Archived from
394:
383:List of countries by avocado production
309:The Journal of Environmental Management
1081:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
551:
549:
547:
545:
468:
466:
1020:
1018:
936:
934:
633:
631:
629:
593:Proceedings VI World Avocado Congress
586:"THE AVOCADO IN THE PREHISPANIC TIME"
286:, Michoacán has declared itself "the
87:, Bacon, Reed, Criollor, and Zutano.
7:
1430:Avocado production in North America
608:Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
579:
577:
562:. FAO organization of the World Bank
861:Journal of Environmental Management
511:
402:U.S. Department of Agriculture 2001
342:North American Free Trade Agreement
1709:Avocado production in the Americas
943:"The curse of the Mexican avocado"
905:Land Degradation & Development
706:. USDA Foreign Agriculture Service
584:Gutiérrez, M. L. (November 2007).
25:
640:Sustainable Horticultural Systems
445:Jeansonne, Brent (June 1, 2011).
1904:
1871:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1543:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1384:
1383:
1374:
1373:
557:"AvocadoPost-harvest Operations"
1025:Larmer, Brook (27 March 2018).
103:remains within deposits of the
44:production is important to the
803:"Largest serving of guacamole"
414:Yun, Wonjung (June 14, 2018).
1:
1356:California Avocado Commission
1107:Ray, P. K. (15 August 2002).
881:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111482
1668:United States Virgin Islands
135:Indian medicinal plant usage
648:10.1007/978-3-319-06904-3_8
2116:
1361:California Avocado Society
171:In the 1950s, orchards of
2046:
2013:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1902:
1643:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1369:
840:10.1007/s12142-010-0157-8
620:10.1007/s10722-007-9250-5
2033:Turks and Caicos Islands
1663:Turks and Caicos Islands
276:, and more than 180,000
354:agricultural inspectors
1948:British Virgin Islands
1593:British Virgin Islands
807:Guinness World Records
232:
168:
38:
2095:Agriculture in Mexico
1861:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1533:Saint Kitts and Nevis
378:Agriculture in Mexico
230:
159:
95:Avocado is native to
32:
1151:. DIANE Publishing.
529:Avocados From Mexico
474:"Avocado Statistics"
303:Environmental impact
33:Avocados growing in
18:Avocados from Mexico
2038:U.S. Virgin Islands
1881:Trinidad and Tobago
1726:Antigua and Barbuda
1548:Trinidad and Tobago
1443:Antigua and Barbuda
1248:Western-style sushi
1053:. 18 February 2022.
917:2014LDeDe..25..452B
873:2021JEnvM.27811482C
828:Human Rights Review
268:, frozen products,
1791:Dominican Republic
1483:Dominican Republic
1233:Deep-fried avocado
1031:The New York Times
979:10.3390/su13137247
233:
169:
58:Dominican Republic
39:
2082:
2081:
1676:
1675:
1565:other territories
1397:
1396:
1158:978-1-4289-4028-4
1120:978-3-540-42855-8
782:The Yucatan Times
657:978-3-319-06903-6
525:"Avocado History"
502:, pp. 24–26.
64:, in that order.
46:economy of Mexico
16:(Redirected from
2107:
2003:Saint Barthélemy
1963:Falkland Islands
1908:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1633:Saint Barthélemy
1563:Dependencies and
1436:Sovereign states
1424:
1417:
1410:
1401:
1387:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1167:
1162:
1141:
1136:. Archived from
1124:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1050:Associated Press
1041:
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997:
996:. 20 March 2019.
990:
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925:10.1002/ldr.2163
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411:
405:
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347:according to AFM
185:La Habra Heights
21:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2085:
2084:
2083:
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2042:
1917:
1909:
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1710:
1707:
1677:
1672:
1566:
1564:
1557:
1431:
1428:
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1339:
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1253:California roll
1199:
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1127:
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1070:EL PAĂŤS English
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947:EL PAĂŤS English
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422:
413:
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408:
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396:
391:
374:
362:
338:avocado weevils
333:
305:
296:
225:
161:Avocado criollo
93:
73:State of Mexico
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2113:
2111:
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2102:
2097:
2087:
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2080:
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2069:
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2065:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2018:Sint Eustatius
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1953:Cayman Islands
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1911:
1910:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
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1873:
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1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
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1728:
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1712:
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1708:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1674:
1673:
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1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1653:Sint Eustatius
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1598:Cayman Islands
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1550:
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1404:
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1389:Avocado dishes
1381:
1370:
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1358:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1344:Related topics
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1308:
1303:
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1205:Culinary usage
1201:
1200:
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1192:
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1164:
1163:
1157:
1142:
1140:on 2013-10-12.
1125:
1119:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1056:
1036:
1014:
999:
985:
966:Sustainability
952:
930:
911:(5): 452–467.
894:
845:
834:(4): 451–467.
818:
794:
769:
750:
717:
688:
663:
656:
625:
614:(3): 441–450.
598:
573:
541:
516:
514:, p. 269.
504:
487:
462:
459:on 2013-10-12.
432:
406:
393:
392:
390:
387:
386:
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373:
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366:Pueblos Unidos
361:
358:
332:
329:
314:water scarcity
304:
301:
295:
292:
224:
221:
105:Coxcatlán Cave
97:Central Mexico
92:
89:
79:in Mexico are
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2112:
2101:
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2073:South America
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2068:
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404:, p. 19.
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321:deforestation
317:
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274:seasonal jobs
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31:
27:
19:
2071:
2023:Sint Maarten
2008:Saint Martin
1915:Dependencies
1835:
1658:Sint Maarten
1638:Saint Martin
1517:
1327:
1263:Seattle roll
1258:Rainbow roll
1223:Avocado soup
1147:
1138:the original
1133:
1113:. Springer.
1109:
1101:Bibliography
1073:. Retrieved
1069:
1059:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1002:
988:
972:(13): 7247.
969:
965:
955:
946:
908:
904:
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831:
827:
821:
810:. Retrieved
806:
797:
786:. Retrieved
784:. 2018-01-10
781:
772:
764:The Guardian
763:
753:
741:. Retrieved
708:. Retrieved
680:. Retrieved
678:. 2017-07-02
675:
666:
639:
611:
607:
601:
592:
564:. Retrieved
533:. Retrieved
531:. 2017-05-18
528:
519:
507:
478:. Retrieved
454:the original
423:. Retrieved
419:
409:
397:
363:
351:
334:
318:
308:
306:
297:
294:Supply chain
282:
255:As of 2013,
254:
250:
246:
234:
202:
196:and avocado
181:Rudolph Hass
170:
143:inflammation
128:
94:
75:. The major
66:
40:
26:
1993:Puerto Rico
1920:territories
1866:Saint Lucia
1801:El Salvador
1628:Puerto Rico
1538:Saint Lucia
1488:El Salvador
1323:By location
1274:Cultivation
1213:Avocado oil
710:21 November
209:metric tons
205:staple food
147:indigestion
139:aphrodisiac
2089:Categories
1988:Montserrat
1983:Martinique
1978:Guadeloupe
1776:Costa Rica
1623:Montserrat
1618:Martinique
1613:Guadeloupe
1468:Costa Rica
1075:2023-12-25
867:: 111482.
812:2020-02-08
788:2020-02-08
682:2018-06-06
676:Daily News
535:2023-03-21
476:. Statista
389:References
242:California
238:U.S. state
223:Production
215:; 793,388
213:short tons
189:Guatemalan
120:Nuevo LeĂłn
91:Background
2061:Caribbean
1973:Greenland
1896:Venezuela
1841:Nicaragua
1811:Guatemala
1731:Argentina
1716:Sovereign
1608:Greenland
1523:Nicaragua
1498:Guatemala
1296:Choquette
1286:Cultivars
1243:Guacamole
743:6 October
566:6 October
345:in 2016,
325:Michoacán
284:TancĂtaro
270:beverages
262:guacamole
217:long tons
211:(888,594
101:cotyledon
77:cultivars
69:Michoacán
1928:Anguilla
1876:Suriname
1851:Paraguay
1826:Honduras
1786:Dominica
1771:Colombia
1741:Barbados
1573:Anguilla
1508:Honduras
1478:Dominica
1453:Barbados
1281:Diseases
1197:Avocados
1084:cite web
889:33126191
512:Ray 2002
480:26 March
425:June 14,
372:See also
278:indirect
264:, pulp,
124:Americas
109:Tehuacán
71:and the
50:Colombia
2100:Avocado
1958:Curaçao
1943:Bonaire
1938:Bermuda
1891:Uruguay
1831:Jamaica
1806:Grenada
1796:Ecuador
1751:Bolivia
1736:Bahamas
1603:Curaçao
1588:Bonaire
1583:Bermuda
1513:Jamaica
1493:Grenada
1448:Bahamas
1379:Avocado
1351:AvoDerm
1291:Brogden
913:Bibcode
869:Bibcode
331:Exports
288:avocado
42:Avocado
1846:Panama
1836:Mexico
1816:Guyana
1761:Canada
1756:Brazil
1746:Belize
1718:states
1528:Panama
1518:Mexico
1463:Canada
1458:Belize
1328:Mexico
1316:Monroe
1311:Maluma
1238:FĂ©roce
1155:
1117:
887:
654:
420:Tridge
266:halves
198:thrips
173:Fuerte
165:Oaxaca
131:Aztecs
113:Puebla
81:Fuerte
60:, and
35:Oaxaca
1933:Aruba
1821:Haiti
1766:Chile
1578:Aruba
1503:Haiti
704:(PDF)
589:(PDF)
560:(PDF)
457:(PDF)
450:(PDF)
360:Crime
194:mites
163:from
116:state
111:, in
107:, in
62:Kenya
1998:Saba
1918:and
1856:Peru
1781:Cuba
1648:Saba
1473:Cuba
1333:List
1306:Lula
1301:Hass
1153:ISBN
1115:ISBN
1090:link
885:PMID
745:2013
712:2017
652:ISBN
568:2013
482:2018
427:2018
177:Hass
151:Maya
145:and
85:Hass
54:Peru
974:doi
921:doi
877:doi
865:278
836:doi
644:doi
616:doi
368:).
323:in
257:FAO
240:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
