30:
866:, once passed Jerusalem . While looking upon the city and the ruins of the Temple, R. Joshua exclaimed, 'Woe unto us, that the holy place is destroyed which atoned for our sins!' R. Yochanan replied, 'My son, do not grieve on this account, for we have another atonement for our sins; it is charity, as is said, I desired charity, and not sacrifice.
1533:
1049:, whose name appears in the title of the work under treatment, cannot possibly have been its only author, since he flourished about the middle of the 2nd century, or a generation prior to the author of the Mishnah. Besides, several authorities are quoted who flourished a long time after R. Nathan; for instance, Rabbi
1100:
in the third century, opened up a range of proposals for dating the text to earlier periods. Today, it is widely acknowledged that there are difficulties in dating the two versions of the ARN and current proposals for the date of the text vary within a range of five centuries, roughly from an
839:
The content of the two recensions differ from each other considerably, although the method is the same in both. The separate teachings of the
Mishnah Avot are generally taken as texts, which are either briefly explained—the ethical lessons contained therein being supported by reference to
844:
passages—or fully illustrated by narratives and legends. Sometimes long digressions are made by introducing subjects connected only loosely with the text. This method may be illustrated by the following example: Commenting on the teaching of
857:
said in the name of the Lord, 'I desired charity , and not sacrifice.' The world was created only by charity , as is said, 'Mercy shall be built up for ever' (or, as the rabbis translate this passage, 'The world is built on mercy'). Rabbi
776:
published the two recensions in parallel columns, contributing to the edition a critical introduction and valuable notes. There were likely other recensions as well, since the medieval rabbis quote from other versions.
1053:. The designation "De-Rabbi Nathan" may be explained by the circumstance that R. Nathan is one of the first authorities mentioned in the opening chapter of the work (but not the first, that being
1096:
Through the majority of the 20th century, it was believed that the ARN dated from the 7th to 9th centuries. However, the work of
Saldarini, which proposed a date close to the compilation of the
1084:. The two recensions of the work in their present shape evidently have different authors, but who they were cannot be ascertained. Probably they belonged to the period of the
1624:
1573:, Munich, 1872, in which pamphlet a part of Abot de-Rabbi Nathan, recension B, was for the first time published, according to a manuscript of the Munich Library;
1033:
660:
750:
Touching its original form, its age, and its dependence on earlier or later recensions of the
Mishnah, there are many opinions, all of which are discussed in
260:
1442:
1385:
1693:
157:
681:
1026:
653:
255:
250:
1638:
1069:(the son of the aforementioned Shimon ben Gamliel). However, it is known that Rabbi Nathan made an independent collection (
708:. It has come down in two recensions (or versions): a standard printed edition, and a second published with 48 chapters by
449:
1019:
646:
849:
which designates charity as one of the three pillars on which the world rests, Avot de-Rabbi Nathan reads as follows:
788:. The former is divided into forty-one chapters, and the latter into forty-eight. Schechter has proved that recension
1668:
1663:
1658:
1101:
earliest possible dating to the third century (B is usually the earlier dated one and some believe it predates the
870:
The chapters of the two recensions of Avot de-Rabbi Nathan correspond with those of the
Mishnah Avot as follows:
208:
152:
1683:
1678:
1605:
818:
474:
383:
1547:
345:
245:
1688:
1061:
R. Nathan originated the work, however. Probably due to political differences that Rabbi Nathan had with
562:
1673:
1592:
1341:
1253:
Berner, Christoph (2011). "Quotations from Avot de Rabbi Nathan B in MS Oxford (Bodleiana) Heb. c. 24".
1148:
1046:
739:
727:, having for its foundation an older recension of that tractate. It also may be considered as a kind of
290:
1380:. Jewish and Christian perspectives series. Leiden ; Boston: Brill. pp. 280–281, esp. n. 7.
1566:
1360:
The
Fathers according to Rabbi Nathan (Abot de Rabbi Nathan), Version B: A translation and commentary
1213:
444:
365:
1197:
738:
ARN contains many teachings, proverbs, and incidents that are not found anywhere else in the early
360:
350:
285:
21:
1196:
Schechter gives the commentaries to Avot de-Rabbi Nathan in his edition. Emendations were made by
1144:
1119:
1270:
1062:
914:
859:
754:'s introduction. There are two recensions of this work, one of which is usually printed with the
370:
355:
320:
1633:
1065:, Rabbi Nathan's name does not appear in the version of Avot compiled by redactor of the Mishna
863:
1576:
1438:
1381:
1134:
773:
755:
742:. Other rabbinical sayings appear in a more informal style than what is found in Pirkei Avot.
709:
524:
398:
240:
1262:
906:
808:
499:
429:
388:
310:
305:
96:
29:
1130:
1050:
780:
In order to distinguish the two recensions, the one printed with the Talmud may be called
765:
689:
592:
514:
434:
378:
134:
723:. It may be technically designated as a homiletical exposition of the Mishnaic tractate
1542:
1115:
1054:
846:
716:
570:
557:
519:
494:
469:
280:
121:
1652:
1537:
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38:
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403:
1201:
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724:
393:
202:
1266:
1209:
769:
583:
509:
1630:(full original text of both versions, with introduction and scholarly notes)
1007:
1155:'Aboth d'Rabbi Nathan, translated into English with Introduction and Notes
1073:), and it is possible that Avot de-Rabbi Nathan derives from that source.
1643:
1124:
Tractatus de
Patribus Rabbi Nathan Auctore, in Linguam Latinam Translatus
1002:
990:
933:
841:
1536: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1274:
1216:, and by Joshua Falk Lisser. Lisser's edition is reprinted in the Vilna
1479:
1205:
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222:
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69:
64:
55:
1311:
1217:
1102:
1085:
997:
970:
887:
823:(de Rossi 327; Uncastillo/Spain, 1289), being a more precise copy of
701:
693:
537:
101:
86:
1433:
Fishbane, Simcha; Goldscheider, Calvin; Lightstone, Jack N. (2021).
1402:
1420:
Studies in Avot de-Rabbi Nathan: text, redaction and interpretation
735:
to the Mishna Avot, which does not possess a traditional gemarah.
1299:
1105:), with the latest possible dating roughly in the eighth century.
1066:
975:
793:
548:
197:
177:
1521:
The Minor
Tractates of the Talmud: Massektoth Ketannoth, Volume I
951:
chapter 5, a collection of anonymous statements related by form
704:
era (c.700–900 CE). It is a commentary on an early form of the
768:, and another, which, until the late 19th century, existed in
712:, who designated the two recensions as A and B respectively.
1470:
In his collectanea, called Tummat
Yesharim (Venice, 1622).
1435:
Exploring
Mishnah's world(s): social scientific approaches
1545:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Abot de-Rabbi Nathan".
1519:
Cashdan, Eli (1965), "Introduction", in A. Cohen (ed.),
1437:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 195, n. 27.
1378:
After Eden: church fathers and rabbis on
Genesis 3:16-21
1165:
Fathers According to Rabbi Nathan: Abot De Rabbi Nathan
1200:. Commentaries have been written by Eliezer Lipman of
1118:
translation of Abot de-Rabbi Nathan was published by
905:
1:12-18 and chapter 2, dealing with the teachings of
1634:
Jewish Encyclopedia article for Avot of Rabbi Nathan
1208:, 1723; by Elijah ben Abraham with notes by the
851:
827:, has been used to correct errors in recension
1261:(3). Mohr Siebeck GmbH & Co. KG: 217–265.
1167:, Anthony J. Saldarini, Brill Academic, 1975.
1248:
1246:
1027:
811:in Oxford, England, under the classification
654:
8:
1602:Moritz Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 2034;
1177:, University of South Florida Press, 1986.
1034:
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544:
483:
458:
412:
329:
269:
229:
186:
166:
141:
110:
78:
51:
17:
1644:Latin translation of Avot of Rabbi Nathan
261:Baraita on the Erection of the Tabernacle
1639:Full Hebrew text of Avot of Rabbi Natan
1237:
1229:
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962:
604:
582:
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189:
169:
144:
133:
113:
81:
54:
45:
20:
1561:Gottesdienstliche Vorträge der Juden,
1171:The Fathers According to Rabbi Nathan
1141:The Fathers According to Rabbi Nathan
1088:, between the 8th and 9th centuries.
7:
1371:
1369:
685:
1553:. The JE cites the following works
886:1:1-11, dealing with saying of the
719:, it more greatly resembles a late
158:Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai
1628:, Schechter edition (Vienna, 1887)
792:is cited only by Spanish authors.
14:
1159:The Minor Tractates of the Talmud
1563:, 1st ed., pp. 108 et seq.;
1551:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
1531:
813:MS Oxford (Bodleiana) Heb. c. 24
688:), the first and longest of the
28:
1129:An English version is given by
878:and chapters 1-23 of recension
256:Baraita on the Thirty-two Rules
251:Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules
700:work probably compiled in the
1:
1057:). Perhaps the school of the
932:chapters 3-4, an independent
853:How on charity? Behold, the
450:Iggeret of Rabbi Sherira Gaon
1185:Mesorah Publications Limited
874:Chapters 1-11 of recension
623:Targum to the Five Megillot
1710:
1694:Hebrew-language literature
1461:, Vienna, 1887; 27 et seq.
1267:10.1628/094457011797248462
1133:in his translation of the
764:, preceding the so-called
678:Avot de-Rabbi Nathan (ARN)
1589:, 1887, pp. 374–383;
1376:Reuling, Hanneke (2006).
715:Despite being one of the
682:Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
209:Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim
153:Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael
1606:Isaac ben Jacob Benjacob
1418:Kister, Menahem (1998).
1358:Saldarini, A.J. (1975).
1255:Jewish Studies Quarterly
1151:, 1955. (reprinted 1990)
1548:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1362:. Brill. pp. 1–16.
1137:, i. 9, New York, 1900.
807:is today housed at the
803:A Hebrew manuscript of
346:Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer
246:Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva
203:Sifrei Zutta on Numbers
190:Numbers and Deuteronomy
1401:Goldin, Judah (1972).
943:and chapters 36-48 of
924:and chapters 30-35 of
897:and chapters 24-29 of
868:
563:Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
1593:Moritz Steinschneider
1581:Abot de-Rabbi Nathan,
1404:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1342:Frankfort-on-the-Main
1157:, by Eli Cashdan, in
1149:Yale University Press
1047:Nathan the Babylonian
740:rabbinical literature
291:Pesikta de-Rav Kahana
178:Sifra (Torat Kohanim)
1459:Abot de-Rabbi Nathan
825:Avot de-Rabbi Nathan
805:Avot de-Rabbi Nathan
632:Targum to Chronicles
445:Shir ha-Shirim Zutta
366:Shir HaShirim Rabbah
1626:Avot de-Rabbi Natan
1457:Solomon Schechter,
1422:. pp. 217–222.
1407:. pp. 985–986.
1181:Avos deRabbi Nassan
796:knows of recension
758:in the appendix to
674:Avot of Rabbi Natan
361:Ecclesiastes Rabbah
351:Tanna Devei Eliyahu
341:Avot de-Rabbi Natan
286:Lamentations Rabbah
46:Talmudic literature
22:Rabbinic literature
1076:It is also called
1063:Shimon ben Gamliel
939:Chapters 31-41 of
920:Chapters 20-30 of
915:Yohanan ben Zakkai
893:Chapters 12-19 of
860:Yochanan ben Zakai
371:Deuteronomy Rabbah
356:Alphabet of Sirach
321:Megillat Antiochus
1669:Aggadic Midrashim
1664:9th-century texts
1659:8th-century texts
1577:Solomon Schechter
1494:, Amsterdam, 1777
1444:978-3-030-53573-5
1387:978-90-04-14638-9
1135:Babylonian Talmud
1103:Babylonian Talmud
1044:
1043:
917:and his disciples
862:, accompanied by
784:; and the other,
774:Solomon Schechter
756:Babylonian Talmud
710:Solomon Schechter
671:
670:
638:
637:
600:
599:
578:
577:
532:
531:
525:Smaller midrashim
482:
481:
457:
456:
411:
410:
399:Baraita of Samuel
328:
327:
268:
267:
241:Seder Olam Rabbah
217:
216:
185:
184:
165:
164:
129:
128:
109:
108:
102:Babylonian Talmud
77:
76:
1701:
1552:
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1415:
1409:
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1398:
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1391:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1355:
1349:
1344:, 1889; Brüll's
1338:Uralte Toseftas,
1334:
1328:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1250:
1241:
1234:
1161:, Soncino, 1965.
1143:, translated by
1122:, London, 1654:
1036:
1029:
1022:
960:
947:correspond with
928:correspond with
901:correspond with
882:correspond with
809:Bodleian Library
687:
676:, also known as
663:
656:
649:
602:
580:
545:
500:Yalkut haMachiri
484:
459:
430:Midrash Tehillim
413:
389:Midrash Proverbs
330:
311:Seder Olam Zutta
306:Leviticus Rabbah
270:
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187:
167:
142:
135:Halakhic Midrash
111:
97:Jerusalem Talmud
79:
52:
32:
18:
1709:
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1704:
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1702:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1684:Texts in Hebrew
1679:Minor tractates
1649:
1648:
1621:
1610:Oẓar ha-Sefarim
1599:xii. 75 et seq.
1567:Solomon Taussig
1543:Singer, Isidore
1541:
1532:
1518:
1515:
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1504:Binyan Yehoshua
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1214:Abraham Witmand
1194:
1131:M. L. Rodkinson
1111:
1094:
1051:Joshua ben Levi
1040:
963:Rabbinical eras
958:
837:
815:. In addition,
766:Minor Treatises
748:
717:minor tractates
690:minor tractates
667:
614:Targum Tehillim
593:Targum Jonathan
567:Fragment Targum
515:Midrash HaGadol
435:Midrash Hashkem
379:Pesikta Rabbati
223:Aggadic Midrash
122:Minor Tractates
41:
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11:
5:
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1619:External links
1617:
1616:
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1613:
1612:, p. 654.
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1571:Neweh Shalom I
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1583:Vienna, 1887;
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1538:public domain
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1525:Soncino Press
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1348:9:139 et seq.
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843:
834:
832:
830:
826:
822:
820:
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
778:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:
761:Seder Nezikin
757:
753:
745:
743:
741:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:אבות דרבי נתן
683:
679:
675:
664:
659:
657:
652:
650:
645:
644:
642:
641:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
612:
611:
610:
607:
603:
594:
591:
590:
589:
588:
585:
581:
572:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
554:
553:
550:
546:
543:
542:
539:
535:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
505:Midrash Jonah
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
491:
490:
485:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
466:
465:
460:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
440:Exodus Rabbah
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
425:
422:
421:
420:
419:
414:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:Devarim Zutta
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
338:
337:
336:
331:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
301:Midrash Iyyob
299:
297:
296:Esther Rabbah
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
277:
276:
271:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
237:
236:
231:
228:
227:
224:
220:
210:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
194:
193:
188:
179:
176:
175:
174:
173:
168:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
149:
148:
143:
140:
139:
136:
132:
123:
120:
119:
118:
117:
112:
103:
100:
98:
95:
94:
93:
92:
88:
84:
80:
71:
68:
66:
63:
62:
61:
60:
57:
53:
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:Adolf Behrman
36:
31:
27:
26:
23:
19:
16:
1674:Jewish texts
1625:
1609:
1596:
1586:
1580:
1570:
1560:
1557:Leopold Zunz
1546:
1520:
1503:
1499:
1492:Ahabat Ḥesed
1491:
1487:
1475:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1434:
1428:
1419:
1413:
1403:
1396:
1377:
1359:
1353:
1345:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1319:
1307:
1295:
1283:
1258:
1254:
1238:Cashdan 1965
1232:
1195:
1192:Commentaries
1180:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1154:
1145:Judah Goldin
1140:
1123:
1120:Franz Tayler
1109:Translations
1095:
1075:
1071:Cashdan 1965
1045:
944:
940:
925:
921:
898:
894:
879:
875:
869:
852:
838:
828:
824:
816:
812:
804:
802:
797:
789:
785:
781:
779:
759:
752:S. Schechter
749:
737:
714:
677:
673:
672:
627:Targum Sheni
620:Targum Iyyov
462:1000–1200 CE
404:Targum Sheni
340:
34:
15:
1597:Hebr. Bibl.
1508:Dyhernfurth
1346:Jahrbücher,
1327:, chapter 4
1288:Pirkei Avot
949:Pirkei Avot
930:Pirkei Avot
903:Pirkei Avot
884:Pirkei Avot
725:Pirkei Avot
426:Eichah Zuta
416:900–1000 CE
394:Ruth Rabbah
1653:Categories
1523:, London:
1323:Recension
1224:References
1210:Vilna Gaon
956:Authorship
936:collection
817:MS Parma (
770:manuscript
746:Recensions
510:Ein Yaakov
333:650–900 CE
273:400–600 CE
1008:Acharonim
864:R. Joshua
629:to Esther
423:Ruth Zuta
233:Tannaitic
170:Leviticus
56:Tannaitic
1275:41289143
1059:tannaite
1003:Rishonim
991:Savoraim
934:mishnaic
842:Biblical
835:Contents
819:Palatina
1540::
1206:Zolkiev
1187:, 2017.
1098:Mishnah
1078:Tosefta
986:Amoraim
981:Tannaim
911:Shammai
855:prophet
733:gemarah
729:tosefta
721:midrash
706:Mishnah
698:aggadic
692:of the
606:Ketuvim
584:Nevi'im
316:Tanhuma
83:Amoraic
70:Tosefta
65:Mishnah
1510:, 1788
1482:, 1833
1441:
1384:
1312:Psalms
1273:
1218:Talmud
1202:Zamość
1086:Geonim
998:Geonim
971:Chazal
907:Hillel
888:Zugoth
821:) 2785
800:only.
702:geonic
694:Talmud
538:Targum
145:Exodus
87:Gemara
1480:Vilna
1340:1:6,
1300:Hosea
1271:JSTOR
1212:, by
1116:Latin
1067:Rebbi
976:Zugot
794:Rashi
549:Torah
487:Later
198:Sifre
114:Later
1439:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1314:89:3
1092:Date
1082:Avot
1302:6:6
1290:1:2
1263:doi
1080:to
731:or
37:by
1655::
1608:,
1595:,
1579:,
1569:,
1559:,
1506:,
1368:^
1269:.
1259:18
1257:.
1245:^
1220:.
1204:,
1183:,
1173:,
1147:,
1114:A
913:,
909:,
831:.
684::
1528:.
1447:.
1390:.
1325:A
1277:.
1265::
1240:)
1236:(
1126:.
1035:e
1028:t
1021:v
945:B
941:A
926:B
922:A
899:B
895:A
890:.
880:B
876:A
829:B
798:A
790:B
786:B
782:A
680:(
662:e
655:t
648:v
211:)
207:(
89:)
85:(
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