364:. Herod was not ungrateful, and rewarded Pollion and Pollion's student Sameas (Shemaiah) with great honors. In the second source, Herod exacted the oath of allegiance under penalty of death, and continues: "He desired also to compel Pollion, the Pharisee, and Sameas, together with the many who followed them, to take this oath; they, however, refused to do this, but nevertheless were not punished as were others who had refused to take it, and this indeed out of consideration for Pollion." This episode took place in the eighteenth year of Herod's reign (20 or 19 BCE).
687:
633:, vol. 13, no. 3 (Dec., 1917), p. 164 (note 2) concludes: "From the combination Pollio and Sameas, in the passage quoted, it is evident that Josephus had in mind the pair Abtalyon and Shemaiah, who preceded Hillel and Shammai as heads of the Sanhedrin (Mishnah Avot 1)."
246:, "You wise men, be careful of your words, lest you draw upon yourselves the punishment of exile and be banished to a place of bad water (dangerous doctrine), and your disciples, who come after you, drink thereof and die, and the name of the
375:; still others, that both sources refer to Hillel and Shammai. According to the latter opinions, Josephus was misled by the similarity of the names Shemaiah and Shammai, and so wrote "Pollion and Sameas" instead of "Hillel and Shammai."
367:
Some modern scholars believe that both of these sources refer to
Abtalyon and Shemaiah; others, that the first source refers to Avtalyon and Shemaya and the second source to
250:
thereby be profaned." He cautions the rabbis herein against participation in politics (compare the maxim of his colleague) as well as against emigration to Egypt, where
293:(Biblical interpretation) introduced by Abtalion and Shemaiah seems to have evoked opposition among the Pharisees. Abtalion and Shemaiah are also the first whose
110:
360:
In the first source, Abtalion used his influence with the people in persuading the men of
Jerusalem, in the year 37 BCE, to open the gates of their city to
957:
353:) who may be identical to Shemaya. Linguistically, the original form of Pollion is presumably Ptollion, which explains both the prefixed A in the
315:; that is, about twelve cents. This was no doubt to prevent overcrowding by the people, or for some reasons stated by the Shammaites.
103:
311:. Abtalion's academy was not free to every one, but those who sought entrance paid daily a small admission fee of one and a half
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211:, the crowd deserted him upon the approach of Abtalion and Shemaiah and followed them. However,
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235:
204:
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299:(legal decisions) are handed down to later times. Among them is the important one that the
874:
850:
361:
265:, and it was probably by no mere chance that their pupil Hillel was the first to lay down
212:
127:
514:
70b. Compare also
Josephus, l.c., Παλλίων ό φαρισαιος, where a title is probably intended
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696:
251:
166:
946:
745:
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interpretation. These two scholars are the first whose sayings are recorded in the
390:
266:
190:
563:
220:
576:
Levi-Naḥum, Yehuda (1986). "The graves of the fathers and of the righteous".
157:
during the 1st century BCE, and by tradition the vice-president of the great
785:
626:
585:
162:
158:
84:
189:
or the descendants of converts; by tradition they were descended from King
672:
The Cyclopædia; or, Universal
Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature
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497:
334:
304:
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relates that once, when the high priest was being escorted home from the
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690: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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580:(in Hebrew). Ḥolon, Israel: Mifʻal ḥaśifat ginze Teman. p. 250.
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275:; he may have been indebted to his teachers for the tendency toward
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cruelly persecuted the
Pharisees. This gives pertinence to his
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The traditional tombs of
Shmaiah and Abtalion are located in
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371:(who became leader in 30 BCE according to the Talmud) and
226:
Little is known about
Abtalion's life. He was a pupil of
30:"Avtalyon" redirects here. For the Israeli village, see
645:, "The Identity of Pollio, the Pharisee, in Josephus",
238:, where he and also his teacher Judah took refuge when
197:. Despite this, they were influential and beloved. The
261:
Abtalion and
Shemaiah are the first to bear the title
215:
has argued that neither
Shemaiah nor Abtalion was of
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864:
843:
341:, who may be identical to Abtalion, along with a
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8:
828:
814:
806:
629:, "Roman Knowledge of Jewish Literature",
377:
111:
97:
36:
413:
357:and the omission of the t in Josephus.
39:
234:, and probably lived for some time in
7:
578:Sefer ṣohar le-ḥasifat ginzei teiman
269:rules for the interpretation of the
715:It has the following bibliography:
131:
25:
958:Converts to Judaism from paganism
732:2d ed., iii. 187 et seq., 617-618
207:by the people, at the close of a
713:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
685:
169:. They are known as one of the
165:. He lived at the same time as
27:1st-century BCE Pharisee leader
1:
750:Geschichte des Volkes Israel,
674:, vol. 18, London 1819, s.v.
435:i.1, and Landau, p. 319
219:descent, although both were
153:era. He was a leader of the
762:pp. 116, 117, 149, 463
647:The Jewish Quarterly Review
288:
185:Abtalion and Shemaiah were
999:
566:, Jerusalem, 1972, p. 539.
350:
29:
395:
388:
380:
772:i. 148 et seq., 152, 153
748:, ibid. iii. 227; idem,
303:must be offered even if
710:The Jewish Encyclopedia
953:1st-century BCE rabbis
707:; et al. (eds.).
649:, vol. 49, no. 1 , p.
429:Yerushalmi Moed Kattan
149:sage in the early pre-
798:Lehman, J. (1892) in
631:The Classical Journal
885:Joshua ben Perachiah
486:— meaning "preacher"
285:. The new method of
701:"Abtalion, Pollion"
661:Jewish Encyclopedia
560:The Guide to Israel
548:Avot of Rabbi Natan
433:Dor Dor we-Dorshaw,
322:, a village in the
187:converts to Judaism
175:Shmaya and Avtalyon
968:Pirkei Avot rabbis
895:Simeon ben Shetach
856:Antigonus of Sokho
766:Isaac Hirsch Weiss
431:3 81b; see Weiss,
399:Menahem the Essene
337:twice refers to a
254:ideas threatened
240:Alexander Jannaeus
232:Simeon ben Shetach
940:
939:
880:Jose ben Jochanan
756:Joseph Derenbourg
405:
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396:Succeeded by
236:Alexandria, Egypt
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120:
16:(Redirected from
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209:Day of Atonement
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132:אַבְטַלְיוֹן
123:
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615:Antiquities
603:Antiquities
391:Av Beth Din
347:Koinē Greek
330:In Josephus
307:falls on a
267:hermeneutic
191:Sennacherib
947:Categories
792:ii., s.v.
722:i. 118-120
617:15:10, § 4
564:Zev Vilnay
457:Geschichte
408:References
983:Sanhedrin
978:Pharisees
837:Zugot Era
786:Hamburger
627:Max Radin
605:15:1, § 1
500:Beshallaḥ
181:Biography
163:Jerusalem
159:Sanhedrin
155:Pharisees
135:ʾAḇṭalyōn
85:Acharonim
910:Abtalion
790:R. B. T.
599:Josephus
586:15417732
524:Pesachim
512:Pesachim
498:Mekhilta
480:Pesachim
459:iii. 171
335:Josephus
313:tropaïka
305:Passover
296:halakhot
248:Holy One
151:Mishnaic
147:rabbinic
145:) was a
139:Avtalyon
124:Abtalion
80:Rishonim
68:Savoraim
32:Avtalion
18:Avtalyon
931:Menahem
927:Shammai
752:ii. 253
694::
373:Shammai
351:Σαμαίας
339:Pollion
324:Galilee
309:Sabbath
282:aggadah
277:aggadic
272:Midrash
263:darshan
256:Judaism
217:Gentile
195:Assyria
167:Sh'maya
63:Amoraim
58:Tannaim
922:Hillel
905:Shmaya
794:Semaya
760:Essai,
736:Landau
676:Hillel
584:
425:Gittin
369:Hillel
355:Talmud
343:Sameas
289:derush
213:Graetz
205:Temple
200:Talmud
128:Hebrew
75:Geonim
48:Chazal
973:Zugot
866:Zugot
738:, in
703:. In
427:57b;
423:71b;
252:Greek
244:maxim
171:zugot
137:) or
53:Zugot
770:Dor,
582:OCLC
550:3 :1
536:Yoma
445:Yoma
421:Yoma
320:Jish
230:and
538:35b
526:66a
482:70b
447:71b
193:of
161:of
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778:,
768:,
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601:,
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326:.
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223:.
177:.
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929:(
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588:.
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