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during the night, the awns of the spikelet become erect and draw together, and in the process push the grain into the soil. During the daytime the humidity drops and the awns slacken back again; however, fine
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hooks in the soil and prevent the spikelets from reversing back out again. During the course of alternating stages of daytime and nighttime humidity, the awns' pumping movements, which resemble swimming
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functions, either dispersing the seed by flinging it out (seed ejection); flinging away the entire carpel so that it snaps off (carpel projection); entangling the awn or bristles on passing animals (
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that twist as they dry. They might either fling off their seed, or entangle in the coats of animals, or partly bury the seed if they land suitably on soil.
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Yeo, P. F. (1984). "Fruit-discharge-type in
Geranium (Geraniaceae): its use in classification and its evolutionary implications".
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Elbaum, Rivka; Zaltzman, Liron; Burgert, Ingo; Fratzl, Peter (2007). "The Role of Wheat Awns in the Seed
Dispersal Unit".
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is either a hair- or bristle-like appendage on a larger structure, or in the case of the
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When awns occur in the
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by flinging out the seed as the awns dry, shrink, and split off elastically
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fruits, one undischarged, two of which have discharged their seed-bearing
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above the ovary. Depending on the species, such awns have various
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Awns are characteristic of various plant families, including
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Among grasses with awns are those commonly known as
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Awns on the fruit of an
Australian species of grass
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399:89: 1–36. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1984.tb00998.x
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260:by propelling themselves mechanically into
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206:In grasses, awns typically extend from the
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124:Learn how and when to remove this message
397:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
222:are named after their awns, such as the
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62:adding citations to reliable sources
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264:. During a period of increased
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49:needs additional citations for
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410:"PlantZAfrica.com Homepage"
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273:hairs on the awns act as
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58:improve this article
29:Awn (disambiguation)
27:For other uses, see
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291:Geranium dissectum
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361:(5826): 884–886.
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114:December 2009
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56:Please help
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18:Awn (Botany)
202:Description
181:Geraniaceae
148:) with awns
140:A wild rye
493:Categories
338:References
224:three-awns
170:Asteraceae
84:newspapers
280:frog kick
254:spikelets
183:and many
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332:zoochory
266:humidity
233:In some
228:Aristida
196:foxtails
363:Bibcode
354:Science
320:carpels
308:carpels
296:carpels
275:ratchet
252:-wheat
235:species
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210:of the
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271:silica
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220:genera
208:lemmas
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162:botany
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