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manner in which the people of Ain Ghazal buried their dead. However, what if these statues are not representations at all, but instead are enlivened objects themselves? What if they were buried in a similar manner to humans because they were thought to have died, or have lost their animate powers? These statues bring up equally many questions as answers, and for this reason will provide a rich site for future study.
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278:. Great effort was put into modelling the heads, with wide-open eyes and bitumen-outlined irises. The statues represent men, women and children; women are recognizable by features resembling breasts and slightly enlarged bellies, but neither male nor female sexual characteristics are emphasized, and none of the statues have genitals, the only part of the statue fashioned with any amount of detail being the faces.
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They are largely held to represent the ancestors of those in the community, or variations on this theme. One can make the argument for this based on the similar treatment of the heads of these statues and the disarticulated and buried plastered skulls. The burial of the statues is also similar to the
360:
The pit where the statues were found was carefully dug around, and the contents were placed in a wooden box filled with polyurethane foam for protection during shipping. The statues are made of plaster, which is fragile especially after being buried for so long. The first set of statues discovered at
293:
is then combined with water to make a dough, which was then modelled. Plaster becomes a water-resistant material when it dries and hardens. Heads, torsos and legs were formed from separate bundles of reeds which were then assembled and covered in plaster. The irises were outlined with bitumen and the
301:
or statuettes, but not human-sized, the tallest statues having a height of close to 1 m (3 ft). They are disproportionately flat, about 10 cm (4 in) in thickness. They were nevertheless designed to stand up, probably anchored to the floor in enclosed areas and intended to be seen
302:
only from the front. The way the statues were made would not have permitted them to last long, and since they were buried in pristine condition it is possible that they were never on display for any extended period of time, but rather produced for the purpose of intentional burial.
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A total of 15 statues and 15 busts were found in two caches, which were separated by nearly 200 years. Because they were carefully deposited in pits dug into the floors of abandoned houses, they are remarkably well preserved. Remains of similar statues found at
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The statues were discovered in 1983. While examining a cross section of earth in a path carved out by a bulldozer, archaeologists came across the edge of a large pit 2.5 meters (8 ft) under the surface containing plaster statues. Excavation led by
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289:. The reed decayed over the millennia, leaving plaster shells with hollow interiors. Lime plaster is formed by heating limestone to temperatures between 600 and 900 °C (1,100 and 1,700 °F);
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The tallest of the Ayn Ghazal statues reach about 1 m in height, and they are assumed to have been free-standing, though anchored in the ground as they could not stand up unsupported.
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or C period. Their purpose remains uncertain, with archaeologists believing they may have been buried just after production, having possibly been made with that intent.
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972:, Routledge, p. 161. Cache 1: Sq 2083 Loc. 20: 13 full figures, 12 one-headed busts Cache 2: Sq 3282 Loc 049: 2 figures, 3 two-headed busts and 2 unidentified pieces.
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337:. In its prime era, during the first half of the 7th millennium BC, the settlement extended over 10–15 hectares (25–37 ac) and was inhabited by c. 3000 people.
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The statues are among the earliest large-scale representations of the human form, and represent remarkable specimens of prehistoric art from the
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C period. A total of 15 statues and 15 busts were discovered in 1983 and 1985 in two underground caches, created about 200 years apart.
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1085:"Chapter two - From the First Men's Steps to the Hellenistic Age (-1.5 mya – 323 BC): Ayn Ghazal. A 10,000 year-old Jordanian village"
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took place in 1984/85, with a second set of excavation under the direction of
Rollefson and Zeidan Kafafi during 1993–1996.
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tend to be smaller than 20 cm in height. Taller representations of the human form from the
Paleolithic era, such as the
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in New York for restoration work. The statues were returned to Jordan after their conservation and can be seen in
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The archaeology of Syria: from complex hunter-gatherers to early urban societies (ca. 16,000–300 BC)
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209:, dating back to approximately 9000 years ago (made between 7200 BC and 6250 BCE), from the
4102:
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2003:
749:
Life in
Neolithic Farming Communities: Social Organization, Identity, and Differentiation
3760:
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827:"Ain-Ghazal (Jordan) Pre-pottery Neolithic B Period pit of lime plaster human figures"
4117:
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228:
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1556:
1476:
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1406:
1361:
1121:
Grissom, C.A. (2000), "Neolithic statues from 'Ain Ghazal: construction and form",
190:
1142:
Rollefson, G.O. (1986), "Neolithic 'Ain Ghazal (Jordan)- Ritual and ceremony II",
1022:
The
Cambridge World History: Volume 2, A World with Agriculture, 12,000 BCE–500 CE
944:
365:
in Great
Britain, while the second set, found a few years later, were sent to the
1128:
Rollefson, G.O. (1983), "Ritual and ceremony at
Neolithic 'Ain Ghazal (Jordan)".
1084:
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1593:
1376:
1366:
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286:
267:
28:
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254:
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Rollefson, G.O. (1984), "Early
Neolithic statuary from 'Ain Ghazal (Jordan)",
698:
91:
78:
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was discovered in 1974 by developers who were building a highway connecting
282:
275:
274:
The figures are of two types, full statues and busts. Some of the busts are
985:
Uncorking the Past: The Quest for Wine, Beer, and Other
Alcoholic Beverages
699:"Ain Ghazal | Description, Culture, Significance, & Facts | Britannica"
472:
Double-headed statue from ʿAin Ghazal, Amman, Jordan
Archaeological Museum
3185:
Madonna and Child with St John the
Baptist and St Catherine of Alexandria
1118:, Cambridge World Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, pp. 83ff.
576:
484:
Statue, human, from ʿAin Ghazal city, Amman, Jordan Archaeological Museum
298:
234:, while a few have been loaned to foreign museums: one statue is in the
1386:
1049:
38 (1994), 11–32; 40 (1996), 11–28; 41 (1997), 27–48.
885:
567:
520:
Closeup of the two-headed statue from 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan Museum, Amman
350:
3848:
Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
3792:
Ixion, King of the Lapiths, Deceived by Juno, Who He Wished to Seduce
2592:
Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
1180:
532:
Closeup of a two-headed statue from 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan Museum, Amman
381:
235:
206:
194:
3309:
Portrait of Doña Isabel de Requesens y Enríquez de Cardona-Anglesola
853:"British Museum, London, United Kingdom — Google Arts & Culture"
496:
Statue, human, from ʿAin Ghazal, Amman, Jordan Archaeological Museum
242:
in London; and one of the figures with two heads is on show in the
1091:. Contemporain publications. Presses de l'Ifpo. pp. 111–113.
1062:
The statues of 'Ain Ghazal: discovery, recovery and reconstruction
384:
in Paris, and one of the figures with two heads is on show at the
327:
323:
309:
261:
253:
202:
69:
636:
Gardner's Art Through the Ages: The Western Perspective: Volume 1
1149:
937:"Preserving Ancient Statues from Jordan (1996-1997 exhibition )"
3565:
Crucifixion with the Virgin Mary, St John and St Mary Magdalene
1845:
1254:
1191:
1153:
2579:
Project for the Transformation of the Grande Galerie du Louvre
1045:
preliminary excavation reports: Rollefson, G., and Kafafi, Z.
2517:
Camillus Handing the Falerian Schoolmaster over to his Pupils
460:
Head, human statue from ʿAin Ghazal, Amman, the Jordan Museum
314:ʿAin Ghazal statue at the Jordan Archaeological Museum, Amman
285:
on a reed core using plants that grew along the banks of the
223:
The ʿAin Ghazal Statues are today part of the collections of
2763:
Venus and the Three Graces Presenting Gifts to a Young Woman
330:. Excavation began in 1982. The site was inhabited during
238:
in Paris; parts of three other statues can be seen at the
939:. Arthur M. Sackler Gallery & Freer Gallery of Art,
544:
Human statue from ʿAin Ghazal, Amman city, Jordan Museum
508:
Two-headed statue from ʿAin Ghazal, Jordan Museum, Amman
281:
The statues were formed by modelling moist plaster from
881:"East meets West as Louvre Abu Dhabi opens in the Gulf"
3737:
Pendant portraits of Marten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit
2769:
A Young Man Being Introduced to the Seven Liberal Arts
2738:
Madonna and Child with Saint Peter and Saint Sebastian
1114:
Akkermans, Peter M.M.G. and Glenn M. Schwartz (2003),
3810:
The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents
2953:
The Doge on the Bucintoro near the Riva di Sant'Elena
4076:
Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca
2343:
Equestrian Portrait of Joachim Murat, King of Naples
1352:
Land grant to Marduk-apla-iddina I by Meli-Shipak II
4061:
4022:
3908:
3471:
2676:
1856:
1812:
1575:
1485:
1265:
556:
Human statue from ʿAin Ghazal, Jordan Museum, Amman
107:
59:
51:
43:
35:
21:
3040:Holy Family with the Family of St John the Baptist
2054:The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons
1936:The Attributes of Music, the Arts and the Sciences
568:Jericho: Stone Age (Tell es-Sultan and its spring)
1089:Atlas of Jordan: History, Territories and Society
1047:Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan
294:heads were likely covered with some sort of wig.
3121:Saints Bernardino of Siena and Louis of Toulouse
1769:Statue of the Tiber river with Romulus and Remus
772:. Trustees of the British Museum. Archived from
670:. Springer Science & Business. p. 436.
603:. Springer Science & Business. p. 436.
4052:Street Scene near the El Ghouri Mosque in Cairo
4039:Francis I, Charles V and the Duchess of Étampes
3191:Madonna and Child with St Rose and St Catherine
2337:Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa
1137:Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft
988:. University of California Press. p. 91.
964:
962:
634:Kleiner, Fred S.; Mamiya, Christin J. (2006).
2244:Coresus Sacrificing Himself to Save Callirhoe
2225:Study (Young Male Nude Seated Beside the Sea)
1930:The Attributes of Civilian and Military Music
1165:
1025:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 426–.
807:
805:
803:
436:Micah, ʿAin Ghazal Statue, the British Museum
8:
3719:The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family
2412:Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VII
2400:Don Pedro of Toledo Kissing Henry IV's Sword
1917:Vulcan Presenting Venus with Arms for Aeneas
448:Noah, ʿAin Ghazal Statue, the British Museum
2794:Portrait of Alof de Wignacourt and his Page
2430:Portrait of Madame Marcotte de Sainte-Marie
1065:, Archaeology International, archived from
227:in Amman, with some also on display at the
1853:
1842:
1262:
1251:
1188:
1172:
1158:
1150:
667:Advances in Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials
600:Advances in Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials
572:the Jericho Statue, from c. 9000 years ago
27:
18:
3216:Portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta
1019:Barker, Graeme; Goucher, Candice (2015).
1014:
1012:
357:have survived only in fragmentary state.
197:discovered at the archaeological site of
4007:Displaying the Body of Saint Bonaventure
3925:Christ on the Cross Adored by Two Donors
3546:Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle
2883:Allegory of Isabella d'Este's Coronation
2381:Normandy Thatched Cottage, Old Trouville
2127:Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople
2078:Portrait of Madame Marie-Louise Trudaine
3115:Saints Bonaventure and Anthony of Padua
2473:The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds
1879:Gabrielle d'Estrées et une de ses sœurs
982:McGovern, Patrick E (30 October 2010).
931:
929:
829:. Joukowsky Institute, Brown University
589:
424:Louvre ʿAin Ghazal statue right profile
390:
16:Early Neolithic statues found in Jordan
3962:Still Life of a Lamb's Head and Flanks
1417:Quintus Marcius trilingual inscription
629:
627:
412:Louvre ʿAin Ghazal statue left profile
3956:Portrait of the Marquise de la Solana
2491:Saint Sebastian Tended by Saint Irene
2187:A Young Tiger Playing with Its Mother
904:
902:
874:
872:
747:G. O. Rollefson in: Ian Kuijt (ed.),
7:
4154:Archaeological discoveries in Jordan
3179:The Battle Between Love and Chastity
3021:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata
2990:The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne
2940:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata
2757:Three Scenes from the Life of Esther
2349:Napoléon on the Battlefield of Eylau
2042:The Intervention of the Sabine Women
722:McCarter, Susan (12 November 2012).
642:: Wadsworth Publishing. p. 25.
2547:Landscape with Orpheus and Eurydice
1522:Cosmetic Spoon: Young Girl Swimming
664:Ben-Nissan, Besim (17 April 2014).
597:Ben-Nissan, Besim (17 April 2014).
376:Part of the find is on loan in the
161:
131:
4144:Sculpture of the Ancient Near East
3950:Portrait of Ferdinand Guillemardet
3931:Portrait of Antonio de Covarrubias
3266:Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione
3160:Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine
3015:The Healing of Justinian the Canon
2864:Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine
400:Louvre ʿAin Ghazal statue, frontal
14:
3706:The Vegetable Market in Amsterdam
3571:Madonna and Child with Two Donors
2157:The Murder of the Bishop of Liège
943:, Washington, D.C. Archived from
4098:
4097:
3635:Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam
3414:(also attributed to Giorgione);
2498:Philippe de Champaigne
2485:Magdalene with the Smoking Flame
1357:Land grant to Munnabittu kudurru
910:"The First Villages | Gallery 1"
879:Carvalho, Stanley (2017-11-07).
549:
537:
525:
513:
501:
489:
477:
465:
453:
441:
429:
417:
405:
393:
160:
153:
130:
123:
4174:Collection of the Jordan Museum
4139:1985 archaeological discoveries
4134:1983 archaeological discoveries
3774:Helena Fourment with a Carriage
3654:Card Players in a Rich Interior
3323:The Incredulity of Saint Thomas
3284:Saint Michael Vanquishing Satan
3210:Piero della Francesca
2560:Pietà of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon
2281:The Woman with a Gambling Mania
1123:American Journal of Archaeology
797:, are in bas-relief or painted.
728:. Routledge. pp. 161–163.
380:. One statue is on loan at the
3680:The Money Changer and His Wife
2700:Antonello da Messina
2467:The Adoration of the Shepherds
2331:Bonaparte at the Pont d'Arcole
1719:Hercules and the lion of Nemea
363:Royal Archaeological Institute
1:
3780:Helena Fourment with Children
3533:Triptych of the Sedano family
2573:Principal Monuments of France
2418:Mademoiselle Caroline Rivière
1599:Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus
1517:Bronze Sphinx of Thutmose III
331:
4149:Archaeology of the Near East
3693:Diptych of an elderly couple
3641:Portrait of Nicolaus Kratzer
3260:Madonna with the Blue Diadem
2870:Venus and Cupid with a Satyr
2060:The Loves of Paris and Helen
1804:Winged Victory of Samothrace
1774:The Exaltation of the Flower
1327:Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II
258:Statues at the Amman Citadel
232:Jordan Archaeological Museum
189:are a number of large-scale
55:between 7200 BC and 6250 BC
3823:Dune Landscape near Haarlem
3749:Saint Matthew and the Angel
3584:Madonna of Chancellor Rolin
3290:Self-Portrait with a Friend
2902:An Old Man and his Grandson
2637:The Embarkation for Cythera
2541:The Inspiration of the Poet
2436:Portrait of Monsieur Bertin
2200:Bonaparte Crossing the Alps
2169:Portrait of Frédéric Chopin
2163:Orphan Girl at the Cemetery
2084:Portrait of Madame Récamier
1724:Judgement of Paris (mosaic)
1689:Dinos of the Gorgon Painter
1087:. In Ababsa, Myriam (ed.).
4190:
3610:Catharina Both-van der Eem
3336:Portrait of a Clad Warrior
3242:Angel Holding a Phylactery
2921:Adoration of the Shepherds
2238:Adoration of the Shepherds
2133:Liberty Leading the People
2036:The Coronation of Napoleon
2030:Andromache Mourning Hector
1892:Artists in Isabey's Studio
1754:Sarcophagus of the Spouses
1739:Marcellus as Hermes Logios
1462:Victory Stele of Naram-Sin
1397:Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
306:Discovery and conservation
4093:
3899:Perseus Freeing Andromeda
3743:Philosopher in Meditation
3417:Saint Jerome in Penitence
3355:Birth of John the Baptist
3102:The Carrying of the Cross
3046:Saint Jerome in Penitence
3034:Christ Carrying the Cross
2807:The Sermon of St. Stephen
2121:The Death of Sardanapalus
2090:Portrait of Pope Pius VII
1852:
1841:
1537:Khonsuemheb and the Ghost
1261:
1250:
1198:
1187:
857:artsandculture.google.com
654:"ca. 6500 6250 BCE".
361:the site was sent to the
335: 7250–5000 BC
117:
26:
3874:van der Weyden
3449:The Battle of San Romano
3387:The Entombment of Christ
3381:The Crowning with Thorns
3254:Holy Family of Francis I
3203:Young Saint with a Sword
2693:Coronation of the Virgin
2375:The Flood of Saint-Cloud
1342:Investiture of Zimri-Lim
968:McCarter, Susan (2012).
811:McCarter, Susan (2012).
4129:7th-millennium BC works
4124:8th-millennium BC works
3975:The Birth of the Virgin
3731:Landscape with a Castle
2744:Portrait of a Young Man
2394:The Apotheosis of Homer
2263:The 1821 Derby at Epsom
2139:Lion Devouring a Rabbit
2048:Leonidas at Thermopylae
1942:Boy with a Spinning-Top
1764:Sleeping Hermaphroditus
1337:Hurrian foundation pegs
1312:Bushel with ibex motifs
1083:Kafafi, Zeidan (2014).
941:Smithsonian Institution
367:Smithsonian Institution
218:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
3798:Marie de' Medici cycle
3229:Portrait of a Princess
3089:Triumph of the Virtues
3071:Madonna della Vittoria
2984:Saint John the Baptist
2927:Marriage of the Virgin
2535:The Funeral of Phocion
2442:Roger Freeing Angelica
2424:Oedipus and the Sphinx
2287:The Wounded Cuirassier
2275:The Raft of the Medusa
2206:The Children of Edward
1985:The Toilette of Esther
1905:The Brunette Odalisque
1412:Phoenician metal bowls
766:"Lime Plaster statues"
315:
271:
266:Closeup of one of the
259:
4164:Pre-Pottery Neolithic
3880:Annunciation Triptych
3835:Storm Off a Sea Coast
3725:Bathsheba at Her Bath
3559:Charles I at the Hunt
3393:Madonna of the Rabbit
3349:Adoration of the Magi
2269:The Charging Chasseur
2151:The Massacre at Chios
2066:Minerva Fighting Mars
1542:Raherka and Meresankh
1532:Great Sphinx of Tanis
1437:Stele of the Vultures
1307:Baal with Thunderbolt
1302:Assyrian lion weights
1218:Pavillon de l'Horloge
313:
297:They are taller than
265:
257:
211:Pre-Pottery Neolithic
144:Show map of Near East
3786:Hercules and Omphale
3667:The Four Evangelists
3065:Judgement of Solomon
3009:Barbadori Altarpiece
2972:La belle ferronnière
2706:Christ at the Column
2605:A Mediterranean Port
2479:Joseph the Carpenter
2454:The Valpinçon Bather
2362:Jeune fille en buste
1799:Winged Lion of Vulci
1744:Nazareth Inscription
1392:Nazareth Inscription
1297:Amarna letter EA 367
1292:Amarna letter EA 365
1287:Amarna letter EA 364
1282:Amarna letter EA 362
815:, Routledge, p. 163.
638:(Twelfth ed.).
3514:Lamentation (Pietà)
3462:The Wedding at Cana
3423:Woman with a Mirror
3248:La belle jardinière
2996:Virgin of the Rocks
2782:Death of the Virgin
2655:Jupiter and Antiope
2115:The Bride of Abydos
2109:The Barque of Dante
2072:Oath of the Horatii
2017:The Bridge at Narni
1820:Harbaville Triptych
1684:Diana of Versailles
1669:Boscoreale Treasure
1649:Borghese Collection
1604:Antinous Mondragone
1495:Gebel el-Arak Knife
1467:Worshipper of Larsa
1452:Tiara of Saitaferne
1427:Statue of Iddi-Ilum
1367:Manishtushu Obelisk
947:on 20 February 2001
751:, Springer (2006),
640:Belmont, California
187:ʿAin Ghazal statues
88: /
22:ʿAin Ghazal statues
4159:Plaster sculptures
3527:Cervara Altarpiece
3173:Apollo and Daphnis
2858:Allegory of Virtue
2788:The Fortune Teller
2618:Allegory of Wealth
2312:The Father's Curse
1873:Diana the Huntress
1825:Lampsacus Treasure
1654:Borghese Gladiator
1639:Athena of Velletri
1629:Apollo Sauroctonos
1624:Apollo of Piombino
1567:Statue of Karomama
1552:Tomb of Akhethetep
1382:Namara inscription
1277:ʿAin Ghazal statue
1059:Tubb, Kathryn W.,
776:on 18 October 2015
703:www.britannica.com
316:
272:
260:
174:Show map of Jordan
4169:Limestone statues
4111:
4110:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4084:
3597:The Tree of Crows
3436:Pietà with Saints
3296:Small Holy Family
2523:Et in Arcadia ego
2318:The Village Bride
2306:The Broken Vessel
2300:The Bible Reading
2145:Mademoiselle Rose
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1704:Furietti Centaurs
1547:Stela of Pasenhor
1501:The Seated Scribe
1432:Statue of Ebih-Il
1372:Masub inscription
1322:Code of Hammurabi
1246:
1245:
1228:Pyramide inversée
1213:Pavillon de Flore
1103:OpenEdition Books
1032:978-1-316-29778-0
825:Feldman, Keffie.
788:Upper Paleolithic
371:the Jordan Museum
343:Gary O. Rollefson
225:The Jordan Museum
183:
182:
112:The Jordan Museum
92:31.988°N 35.976°E
4181:
4101:
4100:
4072:
4048:
4035:
4003:
3990:
3981:The Young Beggar
3971:
3946:
3921:
3895:
3876:
3857:
3844:
3829:The Ray of Light
3819:
3804:The Village Fête
3770:
3715:
3702:
3689:
3676:
3663:
3650:
3631:
3606:
3593:
3580:
3555:
3542:
3523:
3510:
3497:
3484:
3458:
3445:
3432:
3411:Pastoral Concert
3399:Man with a Glove
3377:
3364:
3345:
3332:
3319:
3305:
3238:
3225:
3212:
3194:(with Ingegno);
3169:
3156:
3143:
3130:
3111:
3098:
3055:
3030:
3005:
2962:
2949:
2936:
2917:
2898:
2879:
2852:Allegory of Vice
2848:
2835:
2816:
2803:
2778:
2753:
2728:
2719:The Four Seasons
2715:
2702:
2689:
2633:
2624:Hesselin Madonna
2614:
2601:
2588:
2569:
2556:
2529:The Four Seasons
2513:
2500:
2463:
2448:The Turkish Bath
2406:Grande Odalisque
2390:
2371:
2358:
2327:
2296:
2259:
2234:
2221:
2212:The Young Martyr
2196:
2181:Women of Algiers
2105:
2026:
2013:
2000:
1973:Aline Chassériau
1969:
1926:
1901:
1888:
1869:
1854:
1843:
1759:Sleeping Ariadne
1709:Gladiator Mosaic
1674:Cupid and Psyche
1619:Apollo of Mantua
1614:Apollo Belvedere
1507:Banishment Stela
1457:Vase of Entemena
1317:Cippi of Melqart
1263:
1252:
1203:Louvre Colonnade
1189:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1151:
1107:
1106:
1098:978-2-35159438-4
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1056:
1050:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
979:
973:
966:
957:
956:
954:
952:
933:
924:
923:
921:
920:
914:Louvre Abu Dhabi
906:
897:
896:
894:
893:
876:
867:
866:
864:
863:
849:
843:
842:
836:
834:
822:
816:
809:
798:
795:Venus of Laussel
785:
783:
781:
762:
756:
746:
744:
742:
719:
713:
712:
710:
709:
695:
689:
688:
686:
684:
661:
655:
653:
631:
622:
621:
619:
617:
594:
553:
541:
529:
517:
505:
493:
481:
469:
457:
445:
433:
421:
409:
397:
386:Louvre Abu Dhabi
336:
333:
244:Louvre Abu Dhabi
175:
164:
163:
157:
145:
134:
133:
127:
108:Present location
103:
102:
100:
99:
98:
93:
89:
86:
85:
84:
81:
39:plaster and reed
31:
19:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4081:
4068:
4057:
4044:
4031:
4018:
4013:Saint Apollonia
3999:
3986:
3967:
3942:
3917:
3904:
3891:
3886:Braque Triptych
3872:
3853:
3840:
3815:
3766:
3711:
3698:
3685:
3672:
3659:
3646:
3627:
3622:The Lute Player
3602:
3589:
3576:
3551:
3538:
3519:
3506:
3493:
3480:
3467:
3454:
3441:
3428:
3373:
3360:
3341:
3328:
3315:
3301:
3234:
3221:
3208:
3165:
3152:
3139:
3126:
3107:
3094:
3083:Saint Sebastian
3051:
3026:
3001:
2958:
2945:
2932:
2913:
2894:
2875:
2844:
2831:
2812:
2799:
2774:
2749:
2732:Christ Blessing
2724:
2711:
2698:
2685:
2672:
2667:The Two Cousins
2629:
2610:
2597:
2584:
2565:
2552:
2509:
2504:Ex-Voto de 1662
2496:
2459:
2386:
2367:
2354:
2323:
2292:
2255:
2230:
2217:
2192:
2101:
2022:
2009:
1996:
1991:The Two Sisters
1965:
1922:
1897:
1884:
1865:
1848:
1829:
1808:
1729:Lady of Auxerre
1699:Eurytios Krater
1644:Barberini ivory
1609:Antioch mosaics
1584:
1571:
1562:Hunters Palette
1481:
1472:Yehawmilk Stele
1442:Stele of Zakkur
1422:Sidon Mithraeum
1332:Gudea cylinders
1270:and Middle East
1269:
1257:
1242:
1238:Medieval Louvre
1194:
1183:
1178:
1111:
1110:
1099:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1044:
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976:
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859:
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830:
824:
823:
819:
810:
801:
779:
777:
764:
763:
759:
740:
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736:
721:
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707:
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697:
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692:
682:
680:
678:
663:
662:
658:
650:
633:
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615:
613:
611:
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591:
586:
570:, for instance
564:
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530:
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485:
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473:
470:
461:
458:
449:
446:
437:
434:
425:
422:
413:
410:
401:
398:
334:
326:to the city of
308:
252:
229:Amman Citadel's
179:
178:
177:
176:
173:
172:
171:
170:
169:
165:
148:
147:
146:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
135:
96:
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90:
87:
82:
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64:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4187:
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4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
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4115:
4109:
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4106:
4105:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4086:
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4079:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4042:
4028:
4026:
4020:
4019:
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4016:
3997:
3984:
3965:
3940:
3914:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3889:
3870:
3861:The Astronomer
3851:
3838:
3813:
3764:
3761:Slaughtered Ox
3709:
3696:
3683:
3670:
3657:
3644:
3625:
3616:The Gypsy Girl
3600:
3587:
3574:
3549:
3536:
3517:
3504:
3491:
3477:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3452:
3439:
3426:
3371:
3358:
3339:
3326:
3313:
3312:(with Raphael)
3299:
3263:(with Penni);
3232:
3219:
3206:
3163:
3150:
3137:
3124:
3105:
3092:
3049:
3024:
2999:
2956:
2943:
2930:
2911:
2892:
2889:Reign of Comus
2873:
2842:
2829:
2810:
2797:
2772:
2747:
2722:
2709:
2696:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2627:
2608:
2595:
2582:
2563:
2550:
2507:
2494:
2457:
2384:
2365:
2352:
2321:
2290:
2253:
2228:
2215:
2190:
2099:
2020:
2007:
1994:
1963:
1920:
1895:
1882:
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1860:
1850:
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1846:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1794:Venus of Arles
1791:
1789:Venus Genetrix
1786:
1781:
1779:Venus and Mars
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1734:Las Incantadas
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1679:Diana of Gabii
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:Borghese Venus
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
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1588:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1527:Dendera zodiac
1524:
1519:
1514:
1512:Bentresh stela
1509:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1483:
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1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
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1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
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1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
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1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1223:Louvre Pyramid
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1109:
1108:
1097:
1075:
1051:
1038:
1031:
1008:
994:
974:
958:
925:
898:
868:
844:
817:
799:
770:British Museum
757:
734:
714:
690:
676:
656:
648:
623:
609:
588:
587:
585:
582:
581:
580:
574:
563:
560:
559:
558:
555:
548:
546:
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536:
534:
531:
524:
522:
519:
512:
510:
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495:
488:
486:
483:
476:
474:
471:
464:
462:
459:
452:
450:
447:
440:
438:
435:
428:
426:
423:
416:
414:
411:
404:
402:
399:
392:
378:British Museum
307:
304:
251:
248:
240:British Museum
181:
180:
167:
166:
159:
158:
152:
151:
150:
149:
137:
136:
129:
128:
122:
121:
120:
119:
118:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
97:31.988; 35.976
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4186:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4104:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4078:
4077:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4008:
4002:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3970:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3926:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3881:
3875:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3867:The Lacemaker
3863:
3862:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3843:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3824:
3818:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3775:
3769:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3756:
3755:Self-Portrait
3751:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3720:
3714:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3649:
3648:de Hooch
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3636:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3605:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3579:
3578:van Eyck
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3560:
3554:
3553:van Dyck
3550:
3548:
3547:
3541:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3509:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3496:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3488:Ship of Fools
3483:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3457:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3431:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3376:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3368:Self Portrait
3363:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3331:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3278:Saint Michael
3274:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3243:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3142:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3116:
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2096:Self-Portrait
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2019:
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1911:Diana Bathing
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1487:Ancient Egypt
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1347:Lament for Ur
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1181:Louvre Museum
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1139:116, 185–192.
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1072:on 2015-04-03
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291:hydrated lime
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3994:The Clubfoot
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3197:St Sebastian
3195:
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3154:Parmigianino
3153:
3147:Ancient Rome
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2687:Fra Angelico
2686:
2665:
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2647:
2643:The Faux Pas
2641:
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2461:La Tour
2460:
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2023:
2015:
2010:
2004:Village Fête
2002:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1966:
1960:Saying Grace
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1923:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1898:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1871:
1866:
1749:Rampin Rider
1557:Bull Palette
1499:
1477:Ziwiye hoard
1447:Tayma stones
1407:Osorkon Bust
1362:Lion of Mari
1143:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1101:– via
1088:
1078:
1067:the original
1061:
1054:
1046:
1041:
1021:
999:. Retrieved
984:
977:
969:
949:. Retrieved
945:the original
917:. Retrieved
913:
890:. Retrieved
884:
860:. Retrieved
856:
847:
838:
831:. Retrieved
820:
812:
780:21 September
778:. Retrieved
774:the original
769:
760:
748:
739:. Retrieved
724:
717:
706:. Retrieved
702:
693:
681:. Retrieved
666:
659:
635:
614:. Retrieved
599:
592:
579:, c. 9000 BC
375:
359:
347:
339:
318:The site of
317:
296:
280:
273:
222:
215:
191:lime plaster
186:
184:
3937:Saint Louis
3501:The Beggars
3405:Pardo Venus
3134:Dead Christ
3059:Crucifixion
2896:Ghirlandaio
2175:The Picador
1594:Albani lion
1377:Mesha Stele
1256:Antiquities
1233:Cour Carrée
1208:Lescot Wing
1125:104, 25–45.
355:Nahal Hemar
320:ʿAin Ghazal
287:Zarqa River
268:bicephalous
250:Description
199:ʿAin Ghazal
168:ʿAin Ghazal
138:ʿAin Ghazal
95: /
66:ʿAin Ghazal
4118:Categories
3362:Tintoretto
3343:Signorelli
3128:Palmezzano
2908:Visitation
2776:Caravaggio
2751:Botticelli
2713:Arcimboldo
1967:Chassériau
1948:The Buffet
1694:Dying Gaul
1146:12, 45–51.
1144:Paléorient
1130:Paléorient
919:2021-09-04
892:2019-11-15
862:2021-09-09
708:2021-11-17
584:References
276:two-headed
83:35°58′34″E
80:31°59′17″N
60:Discovered
4033:Bonington
3713:Rembrandt
3591:Friedrich
3223:Pisanello
3077:Parnassus
2978:Mona Lisa
2846:Correggio
2801:Carpaccio
2257:Géricault
2232:Fragonard
2194:Delaroche
2103:Delacroix
1867:Anonymous
1847:Paintings
1813:Byzantine
1267:Near East
1132:9, 29–38.
970:Neolithic
813:Neolithic
791:figurines
725:Neolithic
299:figurines
283:limestone
193:and reed
4103:Category
4062:American
4001:Zurbarán
3919:El Greco
3842:Scheffer
3817:Ruisdael
3661:Jordaens
3508:Christus
3473:Northern
3456:Veronese
3317:Salviati
3167:Perugino
3053:Mantegna
2960:Leonardo
2915:Giordano
2814:Carracci
2586:Scheffer
2250:The Bolt
2235::
2219:Flandrin
1586:Etruscan
1193:Building
577:Urfa Man
562:See also
72:, Jordan
47:32 items
36:Material
4073::
4049::
4036::
4024:English
4004::
3991::
3972::
3969:Murillo
3947::
3922::
3910:Spanish
3896::
3893:Wtewael
3877::
3858::
3855:Vermeer
3845::
3820::
3771::
3716::
3703::
3690::
3687:Memling
3677::
3664::
3651::
3632::
3629:Holbein
3607::
3594::
3581::
3556::
3543::
3524::
3511::
3498::
3495:Bruegel
3485::
3459::
3446::
3443:Uccello
3433::
3378::
3365::
3346::
3333::
3330:Savoldo
3320::
3306::
3239::
3236:Raphael
3226::
3213::
3170::
3157::
3144::
3131::
3112::
3109:Moretto
3099::
3096:Martini
3056::
3031::
3006::
2966:Bacchus
2963::
2950::
2937::
2918::
2899::
2880::
2849::
2836::
2833:Cimabue
2826:Hunting
2820:Fishing
2817::
2804::
2779::
2754::
2729::
2726:Bellini
2716::
2703::
2690::
2678:Italian
2661:Pierrot
2634::
2631:Watteau
2615::
2602::
2589::
2570::
2557::
2554:Quarton
2514::
2511:Poussin
2501::
2464::
2391::
2372::
2359::
2328::
2297::
2260::
2222::
2197::
2106::
2027::
2014::
2001::
1970::
1954:The Ray
1927::
1924:Chardin
1902::
1899:Boucher
1889::
1870::
1387:Narundi
1001:20 June
951:20 June
886:Reuters
833:16 June
741:20 June
351:Jericho
270:statues
195:statues
52:Created
4070:Leutze
3988:Ribera
3768:Rubens
3674:Matsys
3375:Titian
3303:Romano
3141:Panini
2947:Guardi
2934:Giotto
2839:Maestà
2599:Vernet
2567:Robert
2388:Ingres
2356:Guérin
2294:Greuze
1998:Claude
1886:Boilly
1858:French
1577:Greece
1095:
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3003:Lippi
2877:Costa
2612:Vouet
2024:David
2011:Corot
1070:(pdf)
328:Zarqa
324:Amman
203:Amman
70:Amman
3944:Goya
3604:Hals
3430:Tura
2369:Huet
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1581:Rome
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1093:ISBN
1027:ISBN
1003:2016
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953:2016
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353:and
185:The
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