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264:. Fixed installed thrusters are used for tugboats, ferries and supply-boats. Retractable thrusters are used as auxiliary propulsion for dynamically positioned vessels and take-home propulsion for military vessels. Underwater-mountable thrusters are used as dynamic positioning propulsion for very large vessels such as
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described what he called a “Propelling Rudder” in 1859 that combined the propulsion and steering mechanisms of a boat in a single apparatus. The propeller was placed in a frame having an outer profile similar to a rudder and attached to a vertical shaft that allowed the device to rotate in plane
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The pod-variety, where the electromotor is located outside the hull, puts greater demands on the quality of the seal around the propeller-shaft. This is because any leakages of sea-water will shortcircuit the electromotor. This means that the moving parts will have to fit together especially well
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The major disadvantage of azimuth drive systems is that a ship with azimuth drive maneuvers differently from one with a standard propeller and rudder configuration, necessitating specialized pilot training. Another disadvantage is they increase the draught of the ship.
216:. An L-drive thruster has a vertical input shaft and a horizontal output shaft with one right-angle gear. A Z-drive thruster has a horizontal input shaft, a vertical shaft in the rotating column and a horizontal output shaft, with two right-angle gears.
222:, more commonly called pods, where an electric motor is fitted in the pod itself, connected directly to the propeller without gears. The electricity is produced by an onboard engine, usually
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with tight clearances, and the remaining seal can be done with for instance oil under positive pressure. The oil will both act as a lubricant as well as a hydrophobic seal.
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Primary advantages are maneuverability, electrical efficiency, better use of ship space, and lower maintenance costs. Ships with azimuth thrusters do not need
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Mechanical azimuth thrusters can be fixed installed, retractable or underwater-mountable. They may have fixed pitch propellers or
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manoeuvering in
Jounieh bay; the wake at the stern is perpendicular to the ship, indicating the use of her azimuth thrusters.
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The modern azimuth thruster using the Z-drive transmission was invented in 1951 by Joseph Becker, the founder of
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In the late 1980s Wärtsilä Marine, Strömberg and the
Finnish National Board of Navigation developed the
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The most powerful podded thrusters in use are the four 21.5 MW Rolls-Royce
Mermaid units fitted to
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in
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to dock, though they may still require tugs to maneuver in difficult places.
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for the invention. This kind of propulsion was first patented in 1955 by
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There are two major variants, based on the location of the motor:
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better maneuverability than a fixed propeller and rudder system.
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placed in pods that can be rotated to any horizontal angle (
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Sir
Francis Ronalds: Father of the Electric Telegraph
461:"Presentation of The Elmer A. Sperry Award for 2004"
368: – Perpendicular axis marine propulsion system
350:thruster with the motor located in the pod itself.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
392: – Self-contained propulsion system for boats
486:"Patent US2714866 - Device for propelling a ship"
328:while spin was transmitted to the propeller.
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374: – Proprietary marine propulsion system
246:was the first product using this technology.
27:Steerable propulsion pod under a watercraft
380: – Non-steerable propeller drive leg
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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362: – Thruster assisted ship's rudder
386: – Steerable marine drive system
292:Mistral-class amphibious assault ship
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
439:. London: Imperial College Press.
238:(Pleuger Unterwasserpumpen GmbH),
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262:controllable pitch propellers
178:Azimuth thrusters on the tug
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279:Advantages and disadvantages
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170:Types of azimuth thrusters
411:"Mermaid propulsion unit"
372:Voith Schneider Propeller
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162:redundant. These give
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230:. Invented in 1955 by
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232:Friedrich W. Pleuger
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69:"Azimuth thruster"
513:Marine propulsion
466:. Sperryaward.org
446:978-1-78326-917-4
323:English inventor
236:Friedrich Busmann
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491:24 November
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289:French Navy
228:gas turbine
182:- note the
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397:References
366:Cyclorotor
273:drillships
152:propellers
80:newspapers
378:Saildrive
252:RMS
240:ABB Group
507:Category
415:Wärtsilä
354:See also
333:Schottel
305:tugboats
140:Schottel
384:Z-drive
341:Pleuger
319:History
296:Dixmude
214:Z-drive
210:L-drive
198:gearing
156:azimuth
137:Siemens
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348:Azipod
244:Azipod
224:diesel
202:diesel
160:rudder
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