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tile structure as V1 and V2, with 30-meter postings and 1 x 1 degree tiles. Version 3 is claimed to have significant improvements over the previous release. Automated processing of 2.3 million scenes from the ASTER archive was used to create the ASTER GDEM, which included stereo-correlation to create individual scene-based ASTER DEMs, masking to remove cloudy pixels, stacking all cloud-screened DEMs, removing residual bad values and outliers, averaging selected data to create final pixel values.
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water bodies. However, one reviewer still regards the Aster version 2 dataset, although showing 'a considerable improvement in the effective level of detail', to still be regarded as 'experimental or research grade' due to presence of artefacts. A 2014 study showed that over rugged mountainous terrain the ASTER version 2 data set can be a more accurate representation of the ground than the SRTM elevation model.
586:
33:
601:
During
October 2011, version 2 of Global Digital Elevation Model was publicly released. This is considered an improvement upon version 1. These improvements include increased horizontal and vertical accuracy, better horizontal resolution, reduced presence of artifacts, and more realistic values over
613:
The improved GDEM V3 adds additional stereo-pairs, improving coverage and reducing the occurrence of artifacts. The refined production algorithm provides improved spatial resolution, increased horizontal and vertical accuracy. The ASTER GDEM V3 maintains the GeoTIFF format and the same gridding and
124:
As of 2 April 2016, the entire catalogue of ASTER image data became publicly available online at no cost. It can be downloaded with a free registered account from either NASA's Earth Data Search delivery system or from the
520:, covered approximately 80% of the Earth's surface, with a global resolution of 90 meters, and a resolution of 30 meters over the USA. The GDEM covers the planet from 83 degrees North to 83 degrees South (surpassing
113:
In April 2008, the SWIR detectors of ASTER began malfunctioning and were publicly declared non-operational by NASA in
January 2009. All SWIR data collected after 1 April 2008 has been marked as unusable.
538:
Despite the high nominal resolution, however, some reviewers have commented that the true resolution is considerably lower, and not as good as that of SRTM data, and serious artifacts are present.
524:'s coverage of 56 °S to 60 °N), becoming the first earth mapping system that provides comprehensive coverage of the polar regions. It was created by compiling 1.3 million
1130:"Comparison of free high-resolution digital elevation data sets (ASTER GDEM2, SRTM v2.1/v4.1) and validation against accurate heights from the Australian National Gravity Database"
1813:
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516:(METI), the Global Digital Elevation Model is the most complete mapping of the earth ever made, covering 99% of its surface. The previous most comprehensive map, NASA's
862:
66:
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1019:"Comparison and validation of recent freely-available ASTER-GDEM ver1, SRTM ver4.1 and GEODATA DEM-9S ver3 digital elevation models over Australia"
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Some of these limitations have been confirmed by METI and NASA, who point out that the version 1 of the GDEM product is "research grade".
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On 29 June 2009, the Global
Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) was released to the public. A joint operation between
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techniques, with terrain elevation measurements taken globally at 30-meter (98 ft) intervals.
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of images ranges between 15 and 90 meters. ASTER data is used to create detailed
107:
920:"SRTM vs ASTER elevation products. Comparison for two regions in Crete, Greece"
918:
Nikolakopoulos, K. G.; Kamaratakis, E. K; Chrysoulakis, N. (10 November 2006).
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121:(GDEM) is available at no charge to users worldwide via electronic download.
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499:), inaccuracies and errors of the latter are indicated by arrows
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714:"NASA, Japan Make ASTER Earth Data Available At No Cost | NASA"
78:
ASTER provides high-resolution images of Earth in 14 different
548:
45:
Advanced
Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
671:"LP DAAC - ASTER User Advisory (updated: January 14, 2009)"
63:
in 1999. It has been collecting data since
February 2000.
1123:
1121:
690:. U.S. Geological Survey / NASA LP DAAC. Archived from
565:
27:
Japanese imaging device aboard NASA's Terra satellite
1845:
1822:
1801:
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1481:
1311:
1017:Hirt, C.; Filmer, M.S.; Featherstone, W.E. (2010).
688:"METI and NASA Release Version 2 ASTER Global DEM"
682:
680:
644:"Satellite image shows Kincade fire burn scar"
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8:
863:"NASA, Japan publish detailed map of Earth"
1296:
1282:
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857:
855:
610:ASTER v3 was released on August 5, 2019.
36:ASTER image draped over terrain model of
1082:"METI and NASA Release ASTER Global DEM"
597:terrain based on ASTER Global DEMv2 data
528:images taken by ASTER using single-pass
407:
298:
257:
159:
927:International Journal of Remote Sensing
767:
765:
634:
624:Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)
514:Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
826:
824:
642:Wigglesworth, Alex (6 November 2019).
144:ASTER false-colour satellite image of
1434:Multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer
7:
1227:"ASTER Global Digital Elevation Map"
1137:Australian Journal of Earth Sciences
1023:Australian Journal of Earth Sciences
773:"ASTER Global Digital Elevation Map"
487:ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model
1942:Earth observation satellite sensors
832:"Most complete earth map published"
1446:Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer
25:
1836:Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher
1783:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
1108:"Release of ASTER GDEM Version 2"
1901:Space Flight Operations Facility
1693:Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
998:from the original on 31 May 2009
992:"Virtual Earth Products Reviews"
552:
518:Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
129:Earth Explorer delivery system.
1750:Wide Field and Planetary Camera
1205:"ASTER Digital Elevation Data"
869:. 30 June 2009. Archived from
779:. 29 June 2009. Archived from
148:, showing evidence of a large
1:
1830:Astrobiology Field Laboratory
1262:Official NASA ASTER GDEM Site
1257:Official METI ASTER GDEM Site
495:SRTM3 vs. ASTER1 comparison (
146:2010 eruption of Mount Merapi
1896:Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking
1756:Wide Field Infrared Explorer
1440:Soil Moisture Active Passive
1343:Atmospheric infrared sounder
1157:10.1080/08120099.2014.884983
1128:Rexer, M.; Hirt, C. (2014).
237:
217:
1415:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
100:maps of surface temperature
1958:
1873:Table Mountain Observatory
1207:. Viewfinder Panoramas, UK
1937:Space science experiments
1886:
1788:Near-Earth Asteroid Scout
1699:Solar Mesosphere Explorer
1378:Large Binocular Telescope
1305:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
1043:10.1080/08120091003677553
947:10.1080/01431160600835853
388:
279:
1878:Solar System Ambassadors
1705:Spaceborne Imaging Radar
84:electromagnetic spectrum
74:(Arabia's Empty Quarter)
1863:NASA Deep Space Network
1711:Spitzer Space Telescope
1631:Mars Exploration Rovers
1422:Mars Science Laboratory
1349:Deep Space Atomic Clock
1203:de Ferranti, Jonathan.
119:Digital Elevation Model
55:instrument onboard the
1927:2008 disestablishments
1428:Microwave limb sounder
619:Ground sample distance
598:
500:
157:
75:
40:
1846:Related organizations
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494:
218:Visible green/yellow
156:south of Mount Merapi
143:
69:
35:
1891:JPL Science Division
1625:Mars Global Surveyor
1593:Mars Climate Orbiter
299:Short-wave infrared
1922:2000 establishments
1267:3 July 2009 at the
1149:2014AuJES..61..213R
1035:2010AuJES..57..337H
939:2006IJRS...27.4819N
694:on 21 December 2013
1252:NASA site on ASTER
1166:20.500.11937/38264
1052:20.500.11937/43846
728:"Earthdata Search"
599:
564:. You can help by
501:
408:Long-wave infrared
158:
76:
41:
1909:
1908:
1868:Goldstone Complex
1823:Canceled missions
1802:Proposed missions
1619:Mars Polar Lander
933:(21): 4819–4838.
756:"Characteristics"
649:Los Angeles Times
582:
581:
482:
481:
117:The ASTER Global
110:, and elevation.
16:(Redirected from
1949:
1771:Planned missions
1762:Lunar Flashlight
1373:Keck observatory
1312:Current missions
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1245:Official website
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1177:. Archived from
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1110:. Archived from
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1084:. Archived from
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965:. Archived from
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899:on 27 April 2009
895:. Archived from
893:"What is ASTER?"
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716:. 31 March 2016.
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150:pyroclastic flow
51:) is a Japanese
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1613:Mars Pathfinder
1490:Cassini-Huygens
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1457:Voyager program
1307:
1302:
1269:Wayback Machine
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1114:on 29 May 2009.
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972:on 21 July 2011
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803:"ASTER Imagery"
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742:"EarthExplorer"
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562:needs expansion
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86:, ranging from
70:ASTER image of
57:Terra satellite
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1733:TOPEX/Poseidon
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1184:on 7 June 2016
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1088:on 29 May 2009
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1029:(3): 337–347.
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1482:Past missions
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595:Penang Island
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560:This section
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209:0.520 - 0.60
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72:Rub' al Khali
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1518:Deep Space 2
1516:
1511:Deep Space 1
1509:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1468:
1461:
1413:
1404:
1397:Perseverance
1396:
1385:Mars Odyssey
1383:
1366:
1358:
1337:
1325:
1318:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1198:
1186:. Retrieved
1179:the original
1140:
1136:
1112:the original
1102:
1090:. Retrieved
1086:the original
1076:
1064:. Retrieved
1026:
1022:
1012:
1000:. Retrieved
986:
974:. Retrieved
967:the original
930:
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897:the original
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871:the original
842:. Retrieved
835:
811:. Retrieved
797:
785:. Retrieved
781:the original
750:
736:
722:
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696:. Retrieved
692:the original
665:
653:. Retrieved
647:
637:
612:
609:
600:
591:STL 3D model
573:October 2011
570:
566:adding to it
561:
540:
537:
530:stereoscopic
512:and Japan's
507:
483:
438:8.925–9.275
421:8.475–8.825
399:8.125–8.475
378:2.360–2.430
361:2.295–2.365
344:2.235–2.285
327:2.185–2.225
310:2.145–2.185
290:1.600–1.700
269:0.760–0.860
266:VNIR_Band3B
249:0.760–0.860
246:VNIR_Band3N
238:Visible red
195:Description
154:Gendol River
131:
123:
116:
112:
77:
59:launched by
48:
44:
42:
29:
1645:Opportunity
1504:Deep Impact
1211:21 December
698:21 December
533:correlation
469:TIR_Band14
452:TIR_Band13
435:TIR_Band12
418:TIR_Band11
396:TIR_Band10
375:SWIR_Band9
358:SWIR_Band8
341:SWIR_Band7
324:SWIR_Band6
307:SWIR_Band5
287:SWIR_Band4
226:VNIR_Band2
136:ASTER bands
108:reflectance
94:light. The
90:to thermal
1932:Radiometry
1916:Categories
1541:spacecraft
1407:helicopter
1143:(2): 213.
867:Canada.com
655:7 November
630:References
181:Resolution
170:Wavelength
152:along the
104:emissivity
96:resolution
38:Mount Etna
1524:Explorers
1470:Voyager 2
1463:Voyager 1
1405:Ingenuity
1391:Mars 2020
1061:140651372
955:0143-1161
606:Version 3
545:Version 2
504:Version 1
497:Île d'Yeu
275:Backward
192:Backward
102:of land,
1723:Surveyor
1717:Stardust
1671:QuikSCAT
1581:Magellan
1560:Herschel
1354:GRACE-FO
1333:ACRIMSAT
1265:Archived
1188:24 April
996:Archived
837:BBC News
92:infrared
1858:Caltech
1838:(MAX-C)
1814:FINESSE
1793:SPHEREx
1739:Ulysses
1682:Rosetta
1666:Pioneer
1660:Phoenix
1601:(MarCO)
1587:Mariner
1570:Jason-1
1549:Genesis
1535:Galileo
1360:InSight
1175:3783826
1145:Bibcode
1031:Bibcode
963:1939968
935:Bibcode
813:30 June
787:30 June
206:_Band1
88:visible
82:of the
1758:(WIRE)
1752:(WFPC)
1745:Viking
1695:(SRTM)
1688:Seasat
1676:Ranger
1637:Spirit
1575:Kepler
1442:(SMAP)
1436:(MISR)
1345:(AIRS)
1327:Psyche
1320:Euclid
1173:
1092:1 July
1059:
1002:1 July
976:1 July
961:
953:
903:1 July
877:1 July
844:1 July
478:Nadir
461:Nadir
444:Nadir
427:Nadir
405:Nadir
384:Nadir
367:Nadir
350:Nadir
333:Nadir
316:Nadir
296:Nadir
255:Nadir
235:Nadir
215:Nadir
166:Label
1832:(AFL)
1728:SVLBI
1707:(SIR)
1701:(SME)
1654:NSCAT
1647:rover
1639:rover
1555:GRACE
1529:GALEX
1448:(TES)
1430:(MLS)
1424:(MSL)
1418:(MRO)
1399:rover
1380:(LBT)
1338:ASTER
1182:(PDF)
1171:S2CID
1133:(PDF)
1066:5 May
1057:S2CID
970:(PDF)
959:S2CID
923:(PDF)
188:Nadir
163:Band
80:bands
49:ASTER
1853:NASA
1565:IRAS
1497:Dawn
1452:SWOT
1367:Juno
1213:2013
1190:2014
1094:2009
1068:2012
1004:2009
978:2009
951:ISSN
905:2009
879:2009
846:2009
815:2009
807:NASA
789:2009
777:NASA
700:2013
657:2019
526:VNIR
522:SRTM
510:NASA
466:B14
449:B13
432:B12
415:B11
393:B10
263:B3B
243:B3N
204:VNIR
184:(m)
127:USGS
61:NASA
43:The
1161:hdl
1153:doi
1047:hdl
1039:doi
943:doi
593:of
568:.
475:90
458:90
441:90
424:90
402:90
381:30
372:B9
364:30
355:B8
347:30
338:B7
330:30
321:B6
313:30
304:B5
293:30
284:B4
272:15
252:15
232:15
223:B2
212:15
200:B1
1918::
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190:or
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