460:, then Minister in Peking, by letter whether a new edition should be purchased for the British Peking legation and consulates, and whether publication should be funded from the Civil List Fund. After consulting with Giles, Satow supported the new publication in a letter dated May 29, 1903, stating "I understand from the author that the new edition is not a mere reproduction of the first. Mistakes have been corrected, further meanings have been added to many characters, frequent cross-references have been introduced, and no fewer than ten thousand new phrases have been distributed over the entries as they now stand, chiefly drawn from sources in which the Dictionary has been found to be deficient".
224:
1515:. The book-language fades imperceptibly into the colloquial". A third lexicographical shortcoming is the random arrangement of subentries, "requiring the reader to con up and down the columns". As a general rule, Giles explains, "the meanings found in the Classics stand first, and more modern and colloquial meanings follow. But to this rule there are some striking exceptions, purposely introduced, so as not to impair any value this Dictionary may have as a practical book of reference." Despite these deficiencies, Aylers says Giles' dictionary "held the field for many decades and lives on in successors", such as
1044:. Despite the historical fact that the "entering" tone had already ceased to exist in 19th-century Beijing pronunciation, Norman notes that early Chinese–English dictionaries were "much concerned with including it". Many early dictionaries of Mandarin Chinese in Western languages were explicitly concerned not with the Beijing pronunciation of their time, but instead with Southern Mandarin, a
3570:
713:
38:
382:, 16 Sept., 1874), for which I was freely bespattered with abuse from all American quarters. I showed up a multiplicity of absurd blunders and equally egregious omissions; and I wound up with these prophetic words: "We do not hesitate to pronounce Dr Williams the lexicographer, not for the future, but of the past." I at once began upon a dictionary of my own.
464:
comprising the dictionary itself, printed in triple columns. Compared with the first edition of 1,461 total pages, the 1,813-page second edition is 398 pages longer. Giles produced the first edition entirely at his own risk, and it cost £2300, towards which the
Foreign Office gave £300. The second edition cost £4800, towards which they gave £250.
484:
language." Morrison and
Medhurst, both Englishmen, between them held the blue ribbon of Chinese lexicography from 1816 to 1874; then it passed to Wells Williams, who held it for America until 1892, when I think I may claim to have recaptured it for my own country, and to have held it now for thirty-three years.
463:
The revised and enlarged second edition (1912) was likewise published by Kelly & Walsh and
Bernard Quaritch in 7 fascicules printed from 1909 to 1912. It had 2 royal quarto volumes, with Part I comprising a 17-page preface (with extracts from the first edition) and 84 pages of tables; and Part II
1546:
calls Giles' dictionary the "first truly adequate
Chinese–English dictionary", with pronunciation glosses that were "by and large free of the artificiality found in earlier works". He also says that Giles, like his predecessors, mixed literary and colloquial definitions together without distinction,
539:
The historian
Huiling Yang found that although Giles strongly criticized Williams' dictionary, it turns out that Giles' own dictionary is more closely linked to Williams' than to Morrison's, which Giles praised highly. Medhurst's, Williams', and Giles' Chinese–English dictionaries are all members of
483:
is of course intended to supersede my own work. Well, dictionaries are like dogs, and have their day; and I should be the last person to whine over the appearance of the dictionary of the future, which it is to be hoped will come in good time, and will help to an easier acquisition of "the glorious
1510:
that Giles "laboriously collected from books read and conversations held during a long stretch of years." Second, Giles failed to indicate stylistic level, which he justifies on the "(somewhat specious) grounds" that, "No division of phraseology into classical and colloquial has been made, for the
1051:
Dictionary pages are formatted in three columns, each split between the head entry character, number, and pronunciations on the left, and the translation equivalents ("definitions"), cross references, and subentries of terms on the right. Giles attempts to arrange the subentry example words and
1428:
It is this want of philosophical insight in Dr. Giles which makes him so helpless in the arrangement of his materials in his books. Take for instance his great dictionary. It is in no sense a dictionary at all. It is merely a collection of
Chinese phrases and sentences, translated by Dr. Giles
1493:
manuscript, gives a balanced evaluation on the dictionary. Aylmer says the second edition "impresses by its sheer bulk" but falls short of the "highest standards of the best 19th-century lexicography". First, the dictionary does not cite sources for terms, but diversely includes both
1537:
romanisation system, for which the name of Giles is widely known even to non-specialists. Apart from this, its practical use is mainly as a repository of late Ch'ing bureaucratic phraseology, though it is replete with fascinating nuggets of information and is a wonderful book for
739:
and make it easier for users to find characters. Giles subsequently worked for 20 years revising and adding "a vast number of compounds and phrases" to the 1912 second edition, which contains 10,926 head entries (67 more) plus 2,922 variants, also totaling 13,848.
451:
For the subsequent two decades, Giles diligently worked "to correct mistakes, cut out duplicates and unnecessary matter, prepare revised Tables, and add a very large number of new phrases, taken from my reading in modern as well as in ancient literature". In 1903
303:), which may be divided into four broad categories: reference works, language textbooks, translations, and miscellaneous writings. His pioneering reference books established new standards of accuracy. Of all his publications, Giles was most proud of (1892, 1912)
1272:
in two ways, with comprehensive explanations under head entries and with informative tables. His example was followed by many later
Chinese–English dictionaries up to the present time. First, some dictionary entries include in-depth information. Take
1550:
A recent book on
Chinese lexicography says Giles' dictionary has "special significance and interest" and "enjoys pride of place in the history of Chinese bilingual dictionaries as the authoritative source for the Wade–Giles system of Romanization".
1052:
phrases according to the order of the translation equivalents. The dictionary's approximately "hundred thousand examples" diversely range from the "best and highest planes of
Chinese thought" to everyday words and nursery rhymes.
475:, one of his first Chinese language students at Cambridge, had been trying for years to compile a Chinese–English dictionary. In 1925, he used it to metaphorically describe Chinese bilingual lexicography in terms of international
386:
Provoked by the
American missionary Williams, Giles devoted himself to publishing a new dictionary that "was meant to bring the glory of having compiled the best Chinese–English dictionary back from America to England".
236:
1429:
without any attempt at selection, arrangement, order or method. As a dictionary for the purposes of the scholar, Dr. Giles' dictionary is decidedly of less value than even the old dictionary of Dr. Williams.
467:
Giles' Chinese–English dictionary remained in "constant use" for generations. A compact edition was reprinted by Paragon Books (Chicago) in 1964, Ch'eng Wen (Taipei) in 1978, and is still available online.
543:
Giles' preface to the second edition gives a "Comparative Table of Phrases under Various Characters, Taken as Specimens, to illustrate the Progress of Chinese–English Lexicography", for example:
969:
are indicated as 1 "high-level", 2 "rising", 3 "dipping", and 4 "falling". In the first edition, Giles uses 5 to denote alternate tonal pronunciations that he had heard, eruditely described as "
3457:
410:, which said "the Dictionary is in fault in most of the instances given." Giles sent a copy of his brochure to Williams, but received no reply. Since Williams reprinted his dictionary from
735:
for a total of 13,848 entries. He decided to number every head entry—an improvement lacking in the earlier dictionaries of Morrison, Medhurst, and Williams—in order to facilitate internal
1547:
and concludes that the dictionary "remains a rich depository of nineteenth-century Peking colloquial words and phrases, in other respects it has been superseded by later dictionaries".
319:
transliterated phonetically according to the English alphabet, "so that anyone could pick up the book and read off a simple sentence with a good chance of being understood": the (1872)
1761:
A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language; Arranged According to the Wu-Fang Yuen Yin, with the Pronunciation of the Characters as Heard in Peking, Canton, Amoy, and Shanghai
895:"), and the Japanese, Vietnamese, and Korean languages. Giles' dictionary went far beyond Williams', which glosses pronunciations in Middle Chinese and four regional varieties:
2438:
Trindex: an Index to Three Dictionaries, Giles' Chinese-English Dictionary, K'ang Hsi tzu tien, P'ei wen yun fu, in which are Listed the 13,848 Characters of Giles' Dictionary
1558:
says Giles' dictionary is "still interesting as a repository of late Qing documentary Chinese, although there is little or no indication of the citations, mainly from the
453:
3008:
2663:
262:
examination for a Student Interpretership in China, and began studying the Chinese language at Peking. He later criticized his first Chinese book, a Part II reprint of
540:
a tradition that originated with Morrison's work. Each of their dictionaries made contributions and improvements to the art of Chinese–English dictionary compilation.
1377:
short. Excelling; advantageous; profitable." with 59 words and phrases (e.g., "長生 long life; immortality. Used as a euphemism for coffins, death, etc."); then "Read
3397:
514:
448:(9-page Preface and 32-page Philological Essay) and the 1415-page dictionary, printed in triple columns, beginning with 60 pages of tables. The price was $ 35.
164:
3387:
1701:
Yang, Huiling (2014). "The Making of the First Chinese-English Dictionary: Robert Morrison's Dictionary of the Chinese Language in Three Parts (1815–1823)".
1103:
on the left, and the translation equivalents and examples on the right. Note that {} brackets indicate translation equivalents added in the second edition.
414:, he was unable to make corrections, and added, in 1883, an Errata and Corrections on a fly-sheet at the end—without acknowledgement of Giles' corrections.
3265:
1082:"thumb; inch") is a good litmus test for a dictionary because it has two pronunciations and complex semantics. The sample entry from Giles' dictionary for
370:"brought down on my head many objurgations from the author's friends". As Giles explains in his previously unpublished (c. 1918–1925) typescript memoirs,
3427:
1521:
524:
1228:; good luck; a lucky day; the conjunction of the sun and moon; in Taoist language, the state of unconscious innocence, as of an unborn babe"), and "Read
2539:
1482:] has three meanings" "not", "to obstruct; an obstacle", and "evil", but Giles accidentally omitted the second, which is the hexagram's meaning.
406:
1045:
2656:
1265:(10,781) "To lead; to guide" entry gives 7 examples in the first edition and 8 in the second, for instance "導師 the guiding Teacher—Buddha".
3437:
3377:
494:
268:
760:
3467:
1691:
215:. Giles revised his dictionary into the 1,813-page second edition (1912) with the addition of 67 entries and numerous usage examples.
2408:
1654:
1236:
No. 10,781" with 6 examples. The second edition gives 255 examples (for instance, adding "一達謂之道 that which passes through is called
472:
223:
2649:
743:
Despite the addition of new head entries to the second edition, Giles kept the original 13,848 numerical arrangement owing to an
2276:
Chinese and English dictionary, containing all the words in the Chinese imperial dictionary; arranged according to the radicals
504:
1573:
3592:
1674:
1637:
2529:
3573:
3417:
1815:
1511:
simple reason that no real line of demarcation exists. Expressions are used in ordinary conversation which occur in the
1490:
1316:
1168:
263:
872:
Pronunciations are glossed in late 19th-century Beijing Mandarin. In addition, Giles glosses pronunciations in archaic
3063:
1331:). Another table is found in the dictionary front matter, called the Table of Sounds or Table of Sounds for Dialects.
985:
826:
825:, etc. Within each syllabic pronunciation section, characters sharing the same phonetic element and different graphic
2568:
2459:
2372:
3298:
2400:
2280:
1304:
1139:
3342:
2390:
1669:
1632:
1543:
732:
1126:
859}. A district; a region; a political division of the empire, varying under different dynasties; a circuit; a
394:
that was reported extensively among English-language newspapers published in China. "I was badly mauled" in the
3309:
1683:
1679:
1646:
1642:
1206:
1338:"a character with two or more readings" (which he calls "duplicate characters"). For instance, the character
300:
3447:
1269:
396:
240:
155:
276:, "much as if an English–Chinese dictionary, for the use of the Chinese, were published without the letter
3361:
1308:
748:
744:
529:
273:
984:). The prior dictionaries of Morrison, Williams, and Medhurst annotate tones in terms of the traditional
2270:
1755:
509:
499:
411:
159:
51:
47:
1111:; the right way; the true path; {the λόγος of the New Test.; identified by Kingsmill with the Buddhist
1287:(9514) "An open-woven, thick woolen cloth, either plain or flowered, with a nap on one side, known as
425:, where the workload was light and he could prepare the manuscript for press. The Shanghai publishers
3521:
3245:
3041:
2298:
1516:
1146:
806:
756:
519:
196:
184:
2641:
1381:. Old; senior. To excel; to increase; to grow." with 38 ("長妾 the senior concubine"); and then "Read
3109:
1455:
1097:
952:
940:
911:
Chinese. Giles' dictionary abbreviates the nine varieties ("dialects") by their initial letter: C.
417:
Herbert Giles continued working on his Chinese–English dictionary for 15 years until 1889 when the
243:, in succession to Thomas Francis Wade. They are renowned for developing what was later called the
212:
192:
148:
63:
2018:
3550:
3030:
2926:
2676:
2672:
1555:
1421:
1320:
961:
are annotated with a superscript number in the upper right of a character or romanized word; the
764:
752:
489:
476:
332:
152:
1291:. It comes from Tibet, and is used for making the winter caps of Lamas. Known to the Mongols as
1142:
3511:
2937:
2915:
2904:
2871:
2404:
1687:
1650:
1584:
1495:
1413:
993:
948:
790:
736:
251:
firmly established as the standard in the Western world until the 1958 official international
204:
169:
120:
2599:
2113:
1798:
3531:
3320:
3208:
1710:
1618:
1600:
1328:
1324:
1312:
1299:." Second, Giles's dictionary has six tables, in addition to the requisite table of the 214
974:
533:
457:
437:
426:
296:
141:
17:
3287:
3131:
3078:
3052:
2948:
1530:
1300:
978:
966:
944:
896:
882:
802:
785:
328:
292:
208:
180:
2155:
1834:
1830:
1534:
347:. Giles' other writings include some of the first general histories of China, the (1901)
244:
188:
488:
In the history of bilingual Chinese lexicography, Giles' Dictionary is the fourth major
235:
China until from 1867 to 1892. After his return to England, he was appointed the second
195:'s (1867) system. Giles' dictionary furthermore gives pronunciations from nine regional
3254:
2959:
1846:
1041:
989:
928:
920:
904:
873:
418:
259:
3586:
2816:
2761:
1759:
1614:
1596:
1507:
1242:
1026:
916:
891:, nine regional varieties of Chinese (commonly mistaken for mutually-understandable "
2303:
A Chinese-English Dictionary: Compiled for the China Inland Mission by R. H. Mathews
1838:
1641:. Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series – 52 (revised and enlarged ed.).
3230:
3219:
3197:
3186:
2551:
Moule, Arthur Christopher (1922), "Questions on Some Points in Giles' Dictionary",
1970:
1434:
1210:
900:
878:
781:
445:
232:
158:. Giles started compilation after being rebuked for criticizing mistranslations in
3175:
2616:
2437:
2274:
2624:
2489:
2394:
1662:
3541:
2893:
2838:
2739:
2710:
2344:
1417:
924:
866:
855:
723:
Herbert Giles worked for 18 years to compile and publish the 1892 first edition
1910:
2534:
2095:
2071:
2047:
2023:
2002:
1978:
1942:
1934:
1918:
1525:, many of whose definitions "are taken, without acknowledgment, from Giles".
1076:
962:
844:
712:
316:
200:
145:
2156:
On some Translations and Mistranslations in Dr. Williams' Syllabic Dictionary
2039:
1588:
392:
On some Translations and Mistranslations in Dr. Williams' Syllabic Dictionary
2794:
2750:
1714:
1335:
1334:
Giles was the first Chinese–English lexicographer to systematically include
1152:
1090:
932:
912:
798:
176:
2617:
Chinese–English and English–Chinese dictionaries in the Library of Congress
127:
37:
3142:
3087:
1624:
1606:
1499:
1225:
1161:
936:
908:
892:
728:
528:. In contrast to Morrison, Medhurst, Williams, and Mathews, who were all
172:
2063:
1994:
3164:
3120:
2849:
2783:
2772:
2284:
2087:
1179:
958:
1339:
1072:
1056:
3487:
3098:
2997:
2827:
2627:, Printed at the Honorable East India company's press, by G.J. Steyn.
1451:
1115:, the path which leads to Nirvâna;} the truth; religion{; principles
887:
441:
422:
252:
1307:) included by Morrison, Medhurst, and Williams. The tables are for
3153:
3019:
2882:
2805:
1822:
1522:
A Chinese–English Dictionary Compiled for the China Inland Mission
1437:, wrote a critical review of Giles' dictionary, for instance, the
711:
525:
A Chinese–English Dictionary Compiled for the China Inland Mission
222:
1089:(10,780) gives the character and number over pronunciations from
2860:
2721:
311:. Giles' textbooks for Chinese language learners include (1873)
2645:
1969:
1478:
1064:
1025:入"entering" tone. Giles uses an asterisk to indicate archaic
121:
1888:
1886:
1449:"Bad; wicked. One of the diagrams." "Diagram" refers to the
1412:
has received both acclaim and censure. An early critic, the
390:
Five years later, Giles published a 40-page brochure (1879)
2625:
Vocabulary of the Canton Dialect: Chinese Words and Phrases
1909:
1485:
The English sinologist Charles Aylmer, who first published
1420:(1857–1928) criticized Giles' lack of overall insight into
1280:"a woolen fabric made in Tibet" as an example. Giles gives
231:
Herbert Giles served as a British consular officer in late
1933:
429:
printed the dictionary in 4 fascicules from 1891 to 1892.
2638:, rev. ed., Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
2038:
747:. People in China were using the dictionary numbers as a
313:
A Dictionary of Colloquial Idioms in the Mandarin Dialect
54:, "Failure in a great attempt is at least a noble error".
3458:
Lin Yutang's Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage
2237:
Chinese Lexicography: A History from 1046 BC to AD 1911
2179:
2177:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1373:(450) first has "Long, of time or space, as opposed to
1048:
widely used up to the second half of the 19th century.
2579:
2577:
1827:
Chinese and English arranged according to the radicals
1873:
1871:
331:. His wide-ranging translations cover many genres of
2451:
2449:
2447:
2062:
1993:
1678:. Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series – 84.
763:. Another example of using Giles' 13,848 numbers to
759:
written in Chinese characters—analogous with modern
269:
A Dictionary of the Chinese Language, in Three Parts
3503:
3480:
3369:
3360:
3334:
3279:
3244:
3077:
2973:
2690:
2683:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2086:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1623:. Two volumes (revised and enlarged 2nd ed.).
444:(250 by 320 mm.) volumes comprising a 46-page
119:
111:
103:
95:
85:
77:
69:
59:
1750:
1748:
1220:entry gives 230 examples of words and phrases for
829:are arranged together, for instance, the phonetic
3009:Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary
2385:
2383:
2381:
2019:Chuang Tzŭ, Mystic, Moralist, and Social Reformer
421:granted his request to be stationed as Consul at
345:Chuang Tzŭ, Mystic, Moralist, and Social Reformer
325:Handbook of the Swatow Dialect: With a Vocabulary
191:system, which Giles created as a modification of
1529:Today the dictionary is most often cited as the
1433:Arthur C. Moule, son of the Anglican missionary
1268:Herbert Giles created the first Chinese–English
836:(number 32) "mugwort; artemisia" is followed by
280:, showing no difference between the conjunction
1627:/ London: Kelly & Walsh / Bernard Quaritch.
1609:/ London: Kelly & Walsh / Bernard Quaritch.
291:Herbert A. Giles wrote some 60 publications on
168:. The 1,461-page first edition contains 13,848
1389:there is nothing over."). The alternate entry
3398:A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language
2657:
1071:"guide; lead; conduct; instruct; direct" (or
515:A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language
368:A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language
247:romanization system of Chinese, which Giles'
165:A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language
8:
1201:district/circuit", and the syntactic use of
30:
3266:Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects
1843:Chinese and English arranged alphabetically
1138:The 1912 second edition adds references to
335:. Probably the best known are (1880, 1916)
3569:
3477:
3366:
2687:
2664:
2650:
2642:
36:
29:
3388:Medhurst's Chinese and English Dictionary
2595:
2117:
1825:: East India Company. 1815–1823. Part 1:
1794:
362:Herbert Giles says he decided to compile
545:
1727:
1107:A road; a path; a way. Hence; the road
769:Trindex: an Index to Three Dictionaries
407:Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal
2583:
2316:
2257:
2207:
2195:
2183:
2168:
2129:
2109:
1956:
1877:
1862:
1767:. American Presbyterian Mission Press.
1258:10,781" and 6 examples. The following
518:. Giles' dictionary was superseded by
258:In 1867, Giles passed the competitive
2564:
2514:
2502:
2475:
2471:
2455:
2423:
2368:
2356:
2340:
1972:Strange stories from a Chinese studio
1896:
1892:
1820:A dictionary of the Chinese language.
1782:
1739:
1554:The English sinologist and historian
1542:The American sinologist and linguist
1445:"Not; on the contrary; negative" and
400:, "received unstinted praise" in the
337:Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio
7:
3438:Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese
3378:A Dictionary of the Chinese Language
2328:
2141:
1150:, Thomas William Kingsmill's (1899)
1130:. To speak; to tell. {A numerative;
1029:, with denoting second tone with a
858:) "food which has been spoilt", and
495:A Dictionary of the Chinese Language
492:after Robert Morrison's (1815–1823)
3428:Mathews' Chinese–English Dictionary
2235:Yong, Heming and Jing Peng (2008),
767:characters is Vernon Nash's (1936)
761:Chinese input methods for computers
2487:Kingsmill, Thomas William (1899),
2239:, Oxford University Press. p. 387.
1197:"(historical) the magistrate of a
1171:", the meaning "principles" under
1119:8032}. Of or belonging to Taoism {
727:, which contains 10,859 character
25:
2307:(1943), Harvard University Press.
1912:A Chinese Biographical Dictionary
847:) "an interjection of surprise",
797:The dictionary is alphabetically
309:A Chinese Biographical Dictionary
227:Photograph of Herbert Allen Giles
3568:
2530:The Spirit of the Chinese People
1936:Chinese Without a Teacher (1922)
869:) "the hen of the tailor-bird".
532:in China, Giles was an agnostic
456:, then Foreign Secretary, asked
440:also published in London, had 2
140:(1892), compiled by the British
2041:A History of Chinese Literature
1366:, respectively. The main entry
349:A History of Chinese Literature
3468:ABC Chinese–English Dictionary
2986:
2981:
2977:
2699:
1354:"plenty; surplus": Wade–Giles
1178:(8032) "to plot; to scheme", "
1169:(Buddhist) paths to liberation
505:Chinese and English Dictionary
366:after his review of Williams'
1:
2728:
2441:, 三字典引得, Yenching University.
2305:. China Inland Mission Press.
1675:Chinese History: A New Manual
977:for "amid such wisdom", from
31:A Chinese–English Dictionary
3574:List of Chinese dictionaries
3418:The Five Thousand Dictionary
3408:A Chinese–English Dictionary
2636:A Chinese–English Dictionary
2219:Satow Papers, PRO 30/33 7/2.
1620:A Chinese-English Dictionary
1602:A Chinese–English Dictionary
1491:Cambridge University Library
1410:A Chinese–English Dictionary
876:rime ("R." according to the
777:A Chinese–English Dictionary
725:A Chinese–English Dictionary
718:A Chinese–English Dictionary
434:A Chinese–English Dictionary
364:A Chinese–English Dictionary
305:A Chinese–English Dictionary
272:, because it failed to mark
249:A Chinese–English Dictionary
137:A Chinese–English Dictionary
44:A Chinese–English Dictionary
18:A Chinese-English Dictionary
3064:Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian
1703:Historiographia Linguistica
1574:"The Memoirs of H.A. Giles"
1224:"way; path" (e.g., "黃道 the
404:, and was supported in the
374:review was of Dr Williams'
3609:
3299:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Xuanying)
2630:Wu Jinrong et al. (1998),
2401:Cambridge University Press
2153:Giles, Herbert A. (1879),
2065:Religions of Ancient China
1996:Gems of Chinese Literature
1487:The Memoirs of H. A. Giles
1464:"Obstruction". Moule says
1140:Christian Greek scriptural
809:in the Wade–Giles system,
490:Chinese–English dictionary
353:Religions of Ancient China
341:Gems of Chinese Literature
151:(1845–1935), is the first
3566:
3343:Zhongguo Renming Dacidian
2694:
2623:Morrison, Robert (1828),
2089:The Civilization of China
1638:Chinese History: A Manual
1461:
1438:
1393:
1386:
1374:
1370:
1309:Insignia of Official Rank
1288:
1284:
1277:
1262:
1246:dictionary definition of
1217:
1202:
1194:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1123:
1086:
1079:
1018:
1011:
1004:
862:
851:
840:
833:
683:
660:
637:
614:
591:
568:
357:The Civilization of China
321:Chinese without a Teacher
35:
3310:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Huilin)
1763:
1684:Harvard University Press
1647:Harvard University Press
1572:Aylmer, Charles (1997).
1350:"grow up; increase", or
1305:radical-and-stroke index
716:Sample page from Giles'
3448:Grammata Serica Recensa
1715:10.1075/hl.41.2-3.04yan
1303:(essential for using a
1270:encyclopedic dictionary
1213:for rivers/topics/etc.
397:Daily Press (Hong Kong)
241:University of Cambridge
156:encyclopedic dictionary
42:Title page from Giles'
3516:(Tangut; 12th century)
2716:(first millennium BCE)
2620:, Library of Congress.
2271:Medhurst, Walter Henry
1756:Williams, Samuel Wells
1540:
1506:and modern vernacular
1502:from sources like the
1431:
1385:. with 4 terms (e.g.,
1156:translation comparing
1136:
1055:The Chinese character
992:pronunciation used in
749:Chinese telegraph code
745:unintended consequence
720:
530:Christian missionaries
486:
402:North China Daily News
384:
228:
2732: 3rd century BC
2614:Dunn, Robert (1977),
2435:Nash, Vernon (1936),
1527:
1426:
1327:, and Miscellaneous (
1317:The Chinese Dynasties
1105:
1063:"way; path; say; the
935:, M. "Mid-China", Y.
715:
510:Samuel Wells Williams
500:Walter Henry Medhurst
481:
372:
226:
160:Samuel Wells Williams
27:Book by Herbert Giles
3593:Chinese dictionaries
3522:Pentaglot Dictionary
3042:Xiandai Hanyu Cidian
2527:Gu Hongming (1915).
520:Robert Henry Mathews
237:professor of Chinese
197:varieties of Chinese
3110:Kanmiu Buque Qieyun
1851:English and Chinese
1670:Wilkinson, Endymion
1633:Wilkinson, Endymion
1441:entry (3596) gives
943:, as well as in K.
471:Giles learned that
376:Syllabic Dictionary
343:, and (1889, 1926)
149:Herbert Allen Giles
64:Herbert Allen Giles
32:
3551:Han-Han Dae Sajeon
3504:In other languages
3031:Zhongwen Da Cidian
2927:Zhonghua Da Zidian
2677:Chinese characters
2675:for scripts using
2555:4: 128–33. p. 130.
2517:, pp. 1332–6.
2505:, pp. 1066–8.
2299:Mathews, Robert H.
1581:East Asian History
1556:Endymion Wilkinson
1422:Chinese literature
1342:can be pronounced
1216:The first edition
753:character encoding
733:variant characters
721:
477:sports competition
432:The first edition
333:Chinese literature
229:
3580:
3579:
3562:
3561:
3512:Pearl in the Palm
3499:
3498:
3356:
3355:
3192:(c. 12th century)
2938:Xinhua Dictionary
2916:Shuowen Jiezi Zhu
2905:Kangxi Dictionary
2866:(c. 11th century)
1829:(in two volumes:
1615:Giles, Herbert A.
1597:Giles, Herbert A.
1504:Kangxi Dictionary
1496:Classical Chinese
1346:"long; lasting",
1021:"departing", and
994:rime dictionaries
971:tra cotanto senno
791:Kangxi Dictionary
737:cross-referencing
705:
704:
427:Kelly & Walsh
412:stereotype plates
170:Chinese character
133:
132:
96:Publication place
16:(Redirected from
3600:
3572:
3571:
3555:
3547:
3537:
3536:(Japanese; 1960)
3532:Dai Kan-Wa Jiten
3527:
3517:
3492:
3478:
3473:
3463:
3453:
3443:
3433:
3423:
3413:
3403:
3393:
3383:
3367:
3349:
3327:
3321:Longkan Shoujian
3316:
3305:
3294:
3272:
3261:
3260:(c. 1st century)
3237:
3226:
3215:
3209:Zhongyuan Yinyun
3204:
3193:
3182:
3171:
3160:
3149:
3138:
3127:
3116:
3105:
3094:
3070:
3059:
3048:
3037:
3026:
3015:
3004:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2966:
2955:
2944:
2933:
2922:
2911:
2900:
2889:
2878:
2867:
2856:
2845:
2844:(c. 7th century)
2834:
2823:
2822:(c. 4th century)
2812:
2801:
2790:
2779:
2768:
2757:
2746:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2717:
2701:
2696:
2688:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2643:
2603:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2572:
2562:
2556:
2553:New China Review
2549:
2543:
2538:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2485:
2479:
2474:, p. 1066;
2469:
2463:
2453:
2442:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2387:
2376:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2240:
2233:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2132:, pp. 15–6.
2127:
2121:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2093:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2069:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1916:
1906:
1900:
1890:
1881:
1875:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1816:Morrison, Robert
1813:
1802:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1769:
1768:
1752:
1743:
1737:
1718:
1709:(2–3): 299–322.
1697:
1660:
1628:
1610:
1592:
1578:
1463:
1440:
1395:
1388:
1376:
1372:
1329:Chinese numerals
1313:The Family Names
1290:
1286:
1279:
1264:
1219:
1204:
1196:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1125:
1088:
1081:
1020:
1013:
1006:
967:Beijing Mandarin
864:
853:
842:
835:
803:Beijing Mandarin
773:San zidian yinde
685:
662:
639:
616:
593:
570:
546:
534:anti-clericalist
473:Edmund Backhouse
458:Sir Ernest Satow
438:Bernard Quaritch
315:and two Chinese
181:Beijing Mandarin
142:consular officer
123:
87:Publication date
73:Chinese, English
40:
33:
21:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3558:
3553:
3545:
3535:
3525:
3515:
3495:
3490:
3476:
3471:
3461:
3451:
3441:
3431:
3421:
3411:
3401:
3391:
3381:
3370:Chinese–English
3352:
3347:
3330:
3325:
3314:
3303:
3292:
3288:Jingdian Shiwen
3275:
3270:
3259:
3240:
3235:
3224:
3213:
3202:
3191:
3180:
3169:
3158:
3147:
3136:
3132:Yunhai jingyuan
3125:
3114:
3103:
3092:
3073:
3068:
3057:
3053:Hanyu Da Cidian
3046:
3035:
3024:
3013:
3002:
2975:
2969:
2964:
2953:
2949:Hanyu Da Zidian
2942:
2931:
2920:
2909:
2898:
2887:
2876:
2865:
2854:
2843:
2832:
2821:
2810:
2799:
2788:
2777:
2766:
2755:
2744:
2731:
2726:
2715:
2692:
2679:
2670:
2632:Han-Ying cidian
2611:
2609:Further reading
2606:
2594:
2590:
2582:
2575:
2563:
2559:
2550:
2546:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2501:
2497:
2490:The Taoteh king
2486:
2482:
2478:, p. 1332.
2470:
2466:
2454:
2445:
2434:
2430:
2426:, p. viii.
2422:
2418:
2411:
2403:. p. 173.
2389:
2388:
2379:
2367:
2363:
2359:, p. 1066.
2355:
2351:
2339:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2256:
2252:
2248:Yang 1985: 288.
2247:
2243:
2234:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2182:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2159:, A. A. Marçal.
2152:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2108:
2104:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2016:
2015:
2011:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1891:
1884:
1876:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1814:
1805:
1793:
1789:
1781:
1772:
1765:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1729:
1700:
1694:
1668:
1657:
1631:
1613:
1595:
1583:(13/14): 1–90.
1576:
1571:
1568:
1531:locus classicus
1414:Chinese Malayan
1406:
1301:Kangxi Radicals
1240:", quoting the
1075:clarified with
883:rime dictionary
786:rime dictionary
710:
380:Evening Gazette
339:, (1884, 1922)
329:Teochew dialect
301:Wikisource list
293:Chinese culture
266:'s (1815–1823)
264:Robert Morrison
221:
175:alphabetically
153:Chinese–English
104:Media type
88:
81:Kelly and Walsh
55:
46:(1892: i). The
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3606:
3604:
3596:
3595:
3585:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3548:
3546:(French; 2001)
3542:Le Grand Ricci
3538:
3528:
3526:(Manchu; 1794)
3518:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3484:
3482:
3475:
3474:
3464:
3454:
3444:
3434:
3424:
3414:
3404:
3394:
3384:
3373:
3371:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3317:
3306:
3295:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3262:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3227:
3225:(17th century)
3216:
3205:
3203:(14th century)
3194:
3183:
3172:
3161:
3150:
3139:
3128:
3117:
3106:
3095:
3083:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3060:
3049:
3038:
3027:
3016:
3005:
2993:
2991:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2960:Zhonghua Zihai
2956:
2945:
2934:
2923:
2912:
2901:
2890:
2879:
2868:
2857:
2846:
2835:
2824:
2813:
2802:
2791:
2780:
2769:
2758:
2747:
2736:
2718:
2706:
2704:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2628:
2621:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2596:Wilkinson 2000
2588:
2573:
2557:
2544:
2519:
2507:
2495:
2493:, Hankow Club.
2480:
2464:
2443:
2428:
2416:
2409:
2377:
2361:
2349:
2333:
2331:, p. 318.
2321:
2309:
2301:, ed. (1931).
2290:
2287:): Parapattan.
2262:
2250:
2241:
2221:
2212:
2200:
2188:
2173:
2161:
2146:
2144:, p. 317.
2134:
2122:
2118:Wilkinson 2000
2112:, p. 14,
2102:
2078:
2054:
2030:
2009:
1985:
1961:
1949:
1925:
1901:
1882:
1867:
1855:
1803:
1795:Wilkinson 2000
1787:
1770:
1744:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1698:
1693:978-0674002470
1692:
1666:
1655:
1629:
1611:
1593:
1567:
1564:
1517:Robert Mathews
1508:colloquialisms
1405:
1402:
1109:par excellence
1042:stop consonant
1007:"level" tone,
990:Middle Chinese
874:Middle Chinese
843:(33, with the
805:pronunciation
709:
706:
703:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
680:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
657:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
634:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
611:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
588:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
565:
564:
561:
558:
557:Williams, 1874
555:
554:Medhurst, 1843
552:
551:Morrison, 1819
549:
454:Lord Lansdowne
436:(1892), which
419:Foreign Office
288:of the body".
260:Foreign Office
220:
217:
183:pronunciation
131:
130:
125:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3605:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3575:
3565:
3552:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3181:(before 1161)
3178:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2972:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2800:(3rd century)
2797:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2767:(2nd century)
2764:
2763:
2762:Shuowen Jiezi
2759:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2410:9780521296533
2406:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2391:Norman, Jerry
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2286:
2283:(present-day
2282:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2260:, p. 38.
2259:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2210:, p. 51.
2209:
2204:
2201:
2198:, p. 34.
2197:
2192:
2189:
2186:, p. 32.
2185:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2171:, p. 21.
2170:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2058:
2055:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2034:
2031:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1965:
1962:
1959:, p. 13.
1958:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1658:
1656:9780674002494
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1560:Kangxi zidian
1557:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:Topographical
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1283:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1243:Shuowen Jiezi
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1193:
1181:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:entering tone
1024:
1017:
1010:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
982:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
889:
884:
881:
880:
875:
870:
868:
861:
857:
850:
846:
845:mouth radical
839:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
795:
793:
792:
788:, and (1716)
787:
784:
783:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
751:, that is, a
750:
746:
741:
738:
734:
730:
726:
719:
714:
707:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
682:
681:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
659:
658:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
636:
635:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
613:
612:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
590:
589:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
567:
566:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
548:
547:
544:
541:
537:
535:
531:
527:
526:
521:
517:
516:
511:
507:
506:
501:
497:
496:
491:
485:
480:
478:
474:
469:
465:
461:
459:
455:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
415:
413:
409:
408:
403:
399:
398:
393:
388:
383:
381:
377:
371:
369:
365:
360:
358:
355:, and (1911)
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
307:, and (1898)
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
225:
218:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
154:
150:
147:
143:
139:
138:
129:
126:
124:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
53:
49:
45:
39:
34:
19:
3540:
3530:
3520:
3510:
3466:
3456:
3446:
3436:
3426:
3416:
3407:
3406:
3396:
3386:
3376:
3341:
3335:Biographical
3319:
3308:
3297:
3286:
3264:
3253:
3231:Peiwen Yunfu
3229:
3220:Qi Lin Bayin
3218:
3207:
3198:Menggu Ziyun
3196:
3187:Pingshui Yun
3185:
3174:
3163:
3152:
3141:
3130:
3119:
3108:
3097:
3086:
3062:
3051:
3040:
3029:
3018:
3007:
2996:
2985:
2958:
2947:
2936:
2925:
2914:
2903:
2892:
2881:
2870:
2859:
2848:
2837:
2826:
2815:
2804:
2793:
2782:
2771:
2760:
2749:
2738:
2720:
2709:
2698:
2673:Dictionaries
2635:
2631:
2615:
2591:
2586:, p. 5.
2560:
2552:
2547:
2533:– via
2528:
2522:
2510:
2498:
2488:
2483:
2467:
2436:
2431:
2419:
2395:
2364:
2352:
2336:
2324:
2319:, p. 2.
2312:
2302:
2293:
2275:
2265:
2253:
2244:
2236:
2215:
2203:
2191:
2164:
2154:
2149:
2137:
2125:
2105:
2094:– via
2088:
2081:
2070:– via
2064:
2057:
2046:– via
2040:
2033:
2022:– via
2017:
2012:
2001:– via
1995:
1988:
1977:– via
1971:
1964:
1952:
1941:– via
1935:
1928:
1917:– via
1911:
1904:
1880:, p. 4.
1865:, p. 8.
1858:
1850:
1842:
1826:
1819:
1790:
1760:
1722:
1721:
1706:
1702:
1680:Cambridge MA
1673:
1663:Google Books
1643:Cambridge MA
1636:
1619:
1601:
1580:
1559:
1553:
1549:
1544:Jerry Norman
1541:
1528:
1520:
1513:Book of Odes
1512:
1503:
1486:
1484:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1435:George Moule
1432:
1427:
1409:
1407:
1397:
1396:(408) says "
1390:
1382:
1378:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1325:The Calendar
1296:
1292:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1250:) and "Read
1247:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1215:
1211:measure word
1198:
1191:
1172:
1164:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1100:
1093:
1083:
1068:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1001:
997:
996:such as the
980:
970:
957:
886:
879:Peiwen Yunfu
877:
871:
867:bird radical
859:
856:food radical
848:
837:
830:
822:
818:
814:
810:
796:
789:
782:Peiwen Yunfu
780:
776:
772:
768:
742:
729:head entries
724:
722:
717:
563:Giles, 1912
542:
538:
523:
513:
503:
493:
487:
482:
470:
466:
462:
450:
446:front matter
442:royal quarto
433:
431:
416:
405:
401:
395:
391:
389:
385:
379:
375:
373:
367:
363:
361:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
324:
320:
312:
308:
304:
290:
285:
281:
277:
267:
257:
248:
233:Qing dynasty
230:
199:, and three
173:head entries
163:
136:
135:
134:
43:
3313:一切經音義 (慧琳)
3302:一切經音義 (玄英)
2894:Zhengzitong
2839:Ganlu Zishu
2745:(c. 220 BC)
2740:Cangjiepian
2711:Shizhoupian
2684:Monolingual
2584:Aylmer 1997
2317:Aylmer 1997
2258:Aylmer 1997
2208:Aylmer 1997
2196:Aylmer 1997
2184:Aylmer 1997
2169:Aylmer 1997
2130:Aylmer 1997
2110:Aylmer 1997
1957:Aylmer 1997
1878:Aylmer 1997
1863:Aylmer 1997
1456:Hexagram 12
1424:, and said
1418:Gu Hongming
1254:. To lead;
1232:. To lead;
1134:entries.}.
955:languages.
775:三字典引得, for
731:plus 2,989
560:Giles, 1892
323:and (1877)
317:phrasebooks
193:Thomas Wade
3280:Exegetical
3269:現代漢語方言大詞典
2756:(c. 40 BC)
2691:Characters
2565:Giles 1892
2535:Wikisource
2515:Giles 1912
2503:Giles 1892
2476:Giles 1912
2472:Giles 1892
2456:Giles 1892
2424:Giles 1912
2369:Giles 1892
2357:Giles 1892
2341:Giles 1912
2279:. 2 vols.
2096:Wikisource
2072:Wikisource
2048:Wikisource
2024:Wikisource
2003:Wikisource
1979:Wikisource
1943:Wikisource
1919:Wikisource
1897:Giles 1912
1893:Giles 1892
1783:Giles 1912
1740:Giles 1892
1566:References
1535:Wade–Giles
1476: [
1336:homographs
1207:classifier
1098:Vietnamese
1077:Radical 41
1014:"rising",
986:four tones
963:four tones
757:telegraphs
755:index for
617:to be born
502:'s (1842)
274:aspiration
245:Wade–Giles
213:Vietnamese
203:languages
201:Sino-Xenic
189:Wade–Giles
146:sinologist
115:xlvi, 1415
3362:Bilingual
3246:Varieties
3176:Qiyin lüe
3067:现代汉语规范词典
2795:Xiao Erya
2751:Jijiupian
2329:Yang 2014
2142:Yang 2014
1723:Footnotes
1589:1036-6008
1538:browsing.
1519:' (1931)
1500:archaisms
1498:literary
1404:Reception
1153:Daodejing
1091:Cantonese
1000:; namely
951:, and A.
941:Ssuch'uan
939:, and S.
933:Pekingese
913:Cantonese
807:romanized
779:, (1711)
640:to strike
594:mountains
522:' (1931)
512:' (1874)
351:, (1906)
185:romanized
162:' (1874)
128:272554592
78:Publisher
3587:Category
3554:(Korean)
3346:中國人名大辭典
3315:(c. 807)
3304:(c. 649)
3293:(c. 583)
3143:Guangyun
3093:(c. 230)
3088:Shenglei
3012:教育部國語辭典
2833:(c. 543)
2811:(c. 350)
2789:(c. 230)
2778:(c. 200)
2393:(1988).
2273:(1842).
1758:(1874).
1672:(2013).
1635:(2000).
1625:Shanghai
1617:(1912).
1607:Shanghai
1599:(1892).
1416:scholar
1293:cheng-mé
1226:ecliptic
1162:Sanskrit
1128:Tao-t'ai
979:Dante's
953:Annamese
949:Japanese
937:Yangchow
909:Shanghai
893:dialects
827:radicals
799:collated
571:to speak
297:language
284:and the
255:system.
205:Japanese
177:collated
70:Language
52:Longinus
48:epigraph
3255:Fangyan
3165:Yunjing
3121:Tangyun
3113:刊謬補缺切韻
3045:现代汉语词典
2850:Leipian
2784:Guangya
2773:Shiming
2569:p. viii
2396:Chinese
2285:Jakarta
2281:Batavia
2100:(1911).
2076:(1906).
2052:(1901).
2028:(1889).
2007:(1922).
1983:(1916).
1923:(1898).
1661:See on
1533:of the
1489:from a
1408:Giles'
1190:(859),
1180:Tai chi
1167:"path;
981:Inferno
975:Italian
925:Wênchow
921:Foochow
897:Shantou
708:Content
239:at the
219:History
187:in the
50:quotes
3491:(1997)
3488:CEDICT
3481:Online
3472:(1996)
3462:(1972)
3452:(1957)
3442:(1947)
3432:(1931)
3422:(1926)
3412:(1892)
3402:(1874)
3392:(1842)
3382:(1823)
3348:(1921)
3271:(2002)
3236:(1711)
3214:(1324)
3170:(1161)
3159:(1037)
3148:(1008)
3099:Qieyun
3069:(2004)
3058:(1994)
3056:漢語大詞典
3047:(1978)
3036:(1968)
3034:中文大辭典
3025:(1938)
3014:(1926)
3003:(1915)
2998:Ciyuan
2965:(1994)
2954:(1989)
2952:漢語大字典
2943:(1957)
2932:(1915)
2930:中華大字典
2921:(1815)
2919:說文解字注
2910:(1716)
2899:(1627)
2888:(1615)
2877:(1254)
2872:Zitong
2855:(1066)
2828:Yupian
2817:Ziyuan
2540:p. 120
2460:p. vii
2407:
2345:p. vii
2091:
2067:
2043:
1998:
1974:
1938:
1914:
1847:Part 3
1839:Part 2
1818:, ed.
1690:
1653:
1587:
1452:Yijing
1400:450."
1368:ch'ang
1356:ch'ang
1297:chalma
1192:dàotái
1186:under
998:Kangxi
945:Korean
929:Ningpo
907:, and
905:Fuzhou
888:fanqie
885:) and
663:stones
508:, and
423:Ningpo
253:pinyin
211:, and
209:Korean
60:Author
3326:(997)
3324:龍龕手鑒
3291:經典釋文
3234:佩文韻府
3223:戚林八音
3212:中原音韻
3201:蒙古字韻
3154:Jiyun
3137:(780)
3135:韻海鏡源
3126:(732)
3115:(706)
3104:(601)
3020:Cihai
2974:Words
2963:中华字海
2941:新华字典
2908:康熙字典
2883:Zihui
2842:干祿字書
2806:Zilin
2765:說文解字
2634:汉英词典
2600:p. 85
2114:p. 93
1823:Macao
1799:p. 93
1577:(PDF)
1472:, or
1391:chang
1383:chang
1379:chang
1364:chang
1360:chang
1352:zhàng
1348:zhǎng
1344:cháng
1205:as a
1165:mārga
1160:with
1147:logos
1143:λόγος
1113:Mârga
1067:" or
1046:koiné
1037:, or
1009:shàng
959:Tones
947:, J.
931:, P.
927:, N.
923:, W.
919:, F.
917:Hakka
915:, H.
865:(35,
854:(34,
765:index
686:as if
299:(see
112:Pages
107:Print
99:China
3190:平水韻
3179:七音略
3079:Rime
2897:正字通
2861:Piya
2798:小爾雅
2754:急就篇
2743:倉頡篇
2722:Erya
2714:史籀篇
2405:ISBN
2373:p. v
1764:漢英韻府
1688:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1585:ISSN
1562:)".
1362:and
1295:and
1275:pǔlu
1059:for
1002:píng
901:Amoy
701:112
655:172
632:162
609:109
586:129
327:for
295:and
144:and
122:OCLC
91:1892
3258:方言
3168:韻鏡
3157:集韻
3146:廣韻
3124:唐韻
3102:切韻
3091:聲類
3023:辭海
3001:辭源
2886:字彙
2875:字通
2864:埤雅
2853:類篇
2831:玉篇
2820:字苑
2809:字林
2787:廣雅
2776:釋名
2725:爾雅
1837:);
1711:doi
1479:sic
1474:pei
1470:p'i
1466:fou
1447:p'i
1443:fou
1398:See
1387:無長物
1282:P'u
1260:tao
1256:see
1252:tao
1248:dào
1238:tao
1234:see
1230:tao
1222:tao
1209:or
1199:dào
1173:mou
1158:dào
1132:see
1121:see
1117:see
1101:dau
1096:to
1094:tou
1084:tao
1069:dǎo
1065:Dao
1061:dào
988:of
973:" (
965:of
823:ang
801:by
771:or
678:89
652:167
629:135
286:and
282:and
179:by
3589::
2987:cí
2984:;
2729:c.
2700:zì
2697:;
2598:,
2576:^
2567:,
2458:,
2446:^
2399:.
2380:^
2371:,
2343:,
2224:^
2176:^
2116:;
1895:;
1885:^
1870:^
1849::
1845:;
1841::
1833:,
1806:^
1797:,
1773:^
1747:^
1730:^
1707:41
1705:.
1686:.
1682::
1649:.
1645::
1605:.
1579:.
1468:,
1459:pǐ
1358:,
1323:,
1319:,
1315:,
1311:,
1289:氆氇
1278:氆氇
1195:道臺
1184:太極
1182:"
1124:太極
1039:-k
1035:-t
1033:,
1031:-p
1023:rù
1016:qù
903:,
899:,
860:ai
849:ai
838:ai
831:ai
821:,
819:an
817:,
815:ai
813:,
794:.
698:78
695:18
675:76
672:23
669:19
666:20
649:24
646:21
643:23
626:42
623:27
620:21
606:89
603:19
597:17
583:96
580:28
577:15
574:11
536:.
498:,
479:.
359:.
207:,
2990:)
2982:词
2980:／
2978:詞
2976:(
2734:)
2727:(
2703:)
2695:字
2693:(
2665:e
2658:t
2651:v
2602:.
2571:.
2542:.
2537:.
2462:.
2413:.
2375:.
2347:.
2120:.
2098:.
2074:.
2050:.
2026:.
2005:.
1981:.
1947:.
1945:.
1921:.
1899:.
1853:.
1835:2
1831:1
1801:.
1785:.
1742:.
1717:.
1713::
1696:.
1665:.
1659:.
1591:.
1462:否
1439:否
1394:長
1375:短
1371:長
1340:長
1285:氆
1263:導
1218:道
1203:道
1188:極
1176:謀
1087:道
1080:寸
1073:導
1057:道
1019:去
1012:上
1005:平
863:鴱
852:餀
841:哎
834:艾
811:a
692:6
689:8
684:如
661:石
638:打
615:生
600:6
592:山
569:說
378:(
278:h
20:)
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