31:
724:
710:
696:
347:), were announced. On the same day, Ibn Ilyas was arrested by a specially dispatched force in Damascus, and carried off in chains to Cairo. There he was kept in house arrest in the caliphal palace until his death sometime later. According to the official account relayed by the courtier and historian
355:
notes, nobody believed this version. Rumours insisted that he had been assassinated at the instigation of Sitt al-Mulk—the murderer was reportedly the black eunuch slave Mi'dhad, a close confidant of the princess and tutor to al-Zahir—to remove the last potential rival to al-Zahir. In contrast, Abu
262:
faith would pass to another distant relative, Abu Hashim al-Abbas, a great-grandson of al-Mahdi, thus separating the civilian and spiritual aspects of his office. For the Isma'ili faithful, the latter was the more important, but Abd al-Rahim was evidently the more favoured and prominent of the two,
227:
This appointment was a major break with
Fatimid tradition, where the oldest surviving son had always been the designated heir; it even threatened to provoke a religious schism, as father-to-son succession was a fundamental tenet of Isma'ili dogma. Indeed, in later years such irregular successions
328:
Al-Hakim disappeared—most likely assassinated by disaffected palace factions, apparently involving Sitt al-Mulk—on one of his habitual nightly rides on 13 February 1021. The caliph's disappearance was kept secret for six weeks, while the power struggle for the succession raged in the palace. In
244:
schism in 1130. It is for this reason that male members of the
Fatimid dynasty other than the caliph and his designated heir were strictly kept away from government affairs. The selection of Ibn Ilyas in particular was a surprise, since al-Hakim had two sons—Ali and al-Harith, born within a few
263:
as evidenced by the different treatment meted out to the two men after al-Hakim's death. The succession arrangements were widely announced, but met with widespread criticism because of the deviation from the direct line of succession, and contributed to a rift between al-Hakim and his sister,
314:), and a short-lived replacement, Muhammad ibn Abi Talib al-Jarrar. It was only after al-Jarrar's murder that Ibn Ilyas was able to return to Damascus and establish himself as its governor, with the support of the
182:) chose to name him as his heir-apparent. Before the official designation, al-Hakim took care to elevate Ibn Ilyas's status. In June 1013, he wed two of Ibn Ilyas's daughters with the widows of the executed
966:
951:
329:
Damascus, Ibn Ilyas was apparently ignorant of events. Nevertheless, when a missive purporting to be from al-Hakim summoned him back to Cairo, he refused to obey it.
245:
months of each other in 905 to much fanfare—and Ibn Ilyas himself was evidently of an advanced age, and had sons of his own, and possibly even grandsons.
981:
136:, arrested and imprisoned. He died in captivity, officially by his own hands, or assassinated by the real power behind al-Zahir's throne, the princess
961:
336:
head of the new regime, and on 26 March, during the Eid al-Adha festival, the death of al-Hakim and the succession of Ali, with the regnal name
976:
747:
220:). Over the next months and years, Ibn Ilyas is frequently mentioned substituting for al-Hakim in public ceremonies and in the hearing of
171:). The son of a Christian woman, nothing is known of his early life until he appears in the chronicles in 1013, when the reigning caliph,
893:
820:
194:
festivities, Ibn Ilyas substituted for the caliph, and a formal proclamation as heir-apparent, with the traditional title of
337:
286:) was astonished by al-Hakim's ignoring his own sons' rights to succession. Ibn Ilyas was also perceived as an adversary by
133:
971:
941:
255:
332:
In the meantime, Sitt al-Mulk, who sponsored the succession of al-Hakim's son Ali, soon secured her position as the
780:
183:
30:
956:
729:
946:
203:
172:
129:
306:, where he engaged in a complicated power struggle with the local Fatimid garrison, the urban militia (
187:
197:
60:
49:
723:
920:
839:
889:
881:
868:
816:
790:
743:
64:
912:
860:
701:
276:
132:
in 1013. When al-Hakim was murdered in 1021, he was sidelined in favour of al-Hakim's son,
161:
118:
110:
88:
41:
351:, he committed suicide by thrusting a fruit knife into his belly, but, as the historian
206:
was assigned to his use, his name added to the caliph's in coinage and banners, and the
775:
771:
742:. The Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
762:
356:
Hashim al-Abbas was allowed to retire to obscurity, dying in peace a few years later.
935:
767:
757:
287:
228:
would be responsible for the major rifts in the unity of the Isma'ili community: the
98:
715:
264:
207:
137:
348:
214:
to him. He was accorded all caliphal insignia, apart from the ceremonial parasol (
806:
830:
Lev, Yaacov (1982). "The Fāṭimids and the Aḥdāth of
Damascus 386/996–411/1021".
259:
233:
191:
122:
864:
802:
691:
352:
290:, an Isma'ili missionary who advocated al-Hakim's divinity and founder of the
35:
872:
794:
211:
303:
272:
924:
843:
248:
Moreover, al-Hakim specified that while Ibn Ilyas would become caliph (
237:
221:
154:
83:
903:
Walker, Paul E. (1995). "Succession to Rule in the Shiite
Caliphate".
202:, followed in September or October of the same year. A section of the
916:
309:
241:
229:
157:
126:
291:
268:
886:
The
Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume 1: Islamic Egypt, 640–1517
888:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 151–174.
635:
633:
851:
Lev, Yaacov (1987). "The Fāṭimid
Princess Sitt al-Mulk".
808:
Die
Kalifen von Kairo: Die Fāṭimiden in Ägypten, 973–1074
431:
429:
294:
sect, since God could not have a partner or a successor.
548:
546:
497:
495:
446:
444:
650:
648:
813:
The
Caliphs of Cairo: The Fatimids in Egypt, 973–1074
401:
399:
397:
395:
393:
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414:
315:
307:
249:
215:
195:
47:
39:
94:
82:
78:
70:
59:
23:
761:
967:Prisoners and detainees of the Fatimid Caliphate
905:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
302:In 1018/19, Ibn Ilyas was appointed governor of
952:11th-century people from the Fatimid Caliphate
107:Abd al-Rahim ibn Ilyas ibn Ahmad ibn al-Mahdi
8:
781:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
29:
20:
789:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 850–862.
153:Ibn Ilyas was a descendant of the first
815:] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck.
600:
474:
462:
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115:عبد الرحيم ابن إلياس ابن احمد بن المهدي
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450:
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18:Heir-apparent of the Fatimid Caliphate
612:
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38:, struck in 1021 in the names of the
7:
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525:
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435:
405:
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254:) after his death, the position of
114:
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982:People who died in prison custody
962:Heirs apparent who never acceded
722:
708:
694:
342:
281:
177:
166:
46:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, and the
1:
977:Fatimid governors of Damascus
882:"The Fāṭimid state, 969–1171"
190:. Shortly after, during the
884:. In Petry, Carl F. (ed.).
338:al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah
316:
308:
250:
216:
196:
149:Nomination as heir-apparent
48:
40:
998:
853:Journal of Semitic Studies
28:
730:Fatimid Caliphate portal
298:Governorship of Damascus
236:schism in 1094, and the
880:Sanders, Paula (1998).
865:10.1093/jss/XXXII.2.319
738:Brett, Michael (2017).
267:. It is known that the
117:) was a member of the
24:Abd al-Rahim ibn Ilyas
375:in some sources, cf.
198:walī ʿahd al-muslimīn
173:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
130:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
50:walī ʿahd al-muslimīn
972:Assassinated royalty
832:Die Welt des Orients
627:, pp. 305, 307.
567:, pp. 294, 296.
465:, pp. 152, 154.
942:10th-century births
669:, pp. 326–327.
642:, pp. 307–308.
591:, pp. 297–302.
540:, pp. 247–248.
516:, pp. 279–281.
477:, pp. 154–155.
438:, pp. 279–280.
740:The Fatimid Empire
324:Downfall and death
212:oath of allegiance
749:978-0-7486-4076-8
188:Husayn ibn Jawhar
104:
103:
65:Fatimid Caliphate
42:ʾamīr al-muʾminīn
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917:10.2307/40000841
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859:(2): 319–328.
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491:
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453:, p. 857.
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371:Also found as
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138:Sitt al-Mulk
134:Ali al-Zahir
106:
105:
54:Abd al-Rahim
15:
911:: 239–264.
803:Halm, Heinz
776:Schacht, J.
772:Pellat, Ch.
553:Walker 1995
538:Walker 1995
502:Walker 1995
451:Canard 1965
381:Canard 1965
271:viceroy of
192:Eid al-Adha
936:Categories
838:: 97–106.
785:Volume II:
763:"Fāṭimids"
613:Brett 2017
487:Brett 2017
377:Brett 2017
360:References
353:Heinz Halm
99:Isma'ilism
36:Gold dinar
873:0022-4480
795:495469475
768:Lewis, B.
679:Halm 2003
655:Halm 2003
640:Halm 2003
625:Halm 2003
589:Halm 2003
565:Halm 2003
526:Halm 2003
514:Halm 2003
436:Halm 2003
406:Halm 2003
349:al-Quda'i
222:petitions
74:1013–1021
925:40000841
844:25683053
805:(2003).
778:(eds.).
760:(1965).
667:Lev 1987
577:Lev 1982
421:Lev 1987
385:Lev 1987
334:de facto
304:Damascus
273:Ifriqiya
260:Isma'ili
234:Musta'li
210:took an
95:Religion
688:Sources
258:of the
251:khalīfa
238:Tayyibi
217:miẓalla
155:Fatimid
125:by the
89:Fatimid
84:Dynasty
63:of the
923:
892:
871:
842:
819:
793:
774:&
746:
317:aḥdāth
310:aḥdāth
242:Hafizi
230:Nizari
184:vizier
158:caliph
127:caliph
111:Arabic
71:Tenure
921:JSTOR
840:JSTOR
811:[
766:. In
292:Druze
269:Zirid
890:ISBN
869:ISSN
817:ISBN
791:OCLC
744:ISBN
256:Imam
144:Life
913:doi
861:doi
787:C–G
938::
919:.
909:32
907:.
867:.
857:32
855:.
836:13
834:.
783:.
770:;
647:^
632:^
545:^
494:^
443:^
428:^
413:^
392:^
343:r.
320:.
282:r.
275:,
224:.
186:,
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167:r.
160:,
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113::
927:.
915::
898:.
875:.
863::
846:.
825:.
797:.
752:.
340:(
279:(
240:–
232:–
175:(
164:(
109:(
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