361:(RTL, founded in 2000 by Ken Orr, formerly of SPUC) took its long running complaints about how the Abortion Supervisory Committee (ASC) was interpreting the abortion laws to the courts. The cases took many twists and turns, finally reaching the Supreme Court. Along the way, while RTL lost on several key points, including their attempt to secure a legal status under New Zealand Bill of Rights Act for the "unborn child". In 2008, RTL had a positive ruling, in which Forrest Miller J questioned the legality of more than 98 percent of abortions being approved under the mental health ground (section 187A (1)(a) of the Crimes Act 1961). However, when the case ended in August 2012, the Supreme Court ruled that the ASC does not have the power to scrutinise individual doctors' decisions about abortion approvals. The ruling underscored how vulnerable abortion access was under the law before reform. ALRANZ closely followed the case for its seven years, offering analysis and media commentary. After the case ended, ALRANZ continued to question why Crown Law was not moving to collect on the more than $ 70,000 court costs owed by RTL. Those costs were finally paid in 2015.
296:. Coupled with the end of Second-Wave feminism, groups like ALRANZ that were formed in the 1970s began to lose membership as activism waned. ALRANZ, which at its height had active groups across the country, saw its last branch, in Hawke's Bay, wind up in 2004, meaning it became a national group (based in Wellington) only. A small cadre of committed members in Wellington, including Dame Margaret Sparrow kept the organisation alive, continuing to produce newsletters, write submissions to reproductive-health related legislation as well as lobby for law change. Sparrow played key roles on other fronts, too including in setting up a not-for-profit company, Istar, to import the abortion pill (mifepristone or RU486) into New Zealand.
46:
59:
with some questioning the veracity of their claims about the medical consequences of abortion and the experiences of overseas countries with liberal laws. Pro-abortion rights supporters perceived suffering of unhappily pregnant women seeking abortion and considered that children needed to be born to mothers who wanted them and could support them. On 4 August 1970, a group of approximately 60 concerned individuals met in
Auckland to form ALRANZ.
145:
237:
268:
after passage of the law, hundreds of women were forced to travel to
Australia for abortion care. This represented an escalation of a trend that began in the 1970s, in which pregnant New Zealanders had to travel to get abortion care. SOS (Sisters Overseas Service) groups were set up across the country to help women travel, with ALRANZ members involved in many of those groups.
347:(VUP), and embarked on a months-long nationwide activist book tour supported by WONAAC and ALRANZ. That same year, Terry Bellamak, in conjunction with ALRANZ, set up the MyDecision site aimed at collating information about doctor, pharmacists, and others involved in reproductive health care who refused to treat patients (under the auspices of "conscientious objection").
379:
New
Zealand Attitudes and Values Survey. This 20-year longitudinal panel study showed that the majority of New Zealanders support of a person's right to abortion, with support gradually increasing over time. Other smaller surveys, such as the Gender Attitudes Survey, also supported these findings. At the moment of law reform in 2020, support hovered between 65 - 69%.
410:
the anti-abortion harassment of Thames hospital abortion patients. ALRANZ member Scott
Summerfield was the local organiser of the protests and along with abortion-rights supporters held protests outside Thames hospital in support of patients who access the abortion service. The issue of safe zones continues to be a concern pursued by ALRANZ subsequent to law reform.
409:
Alongside lobbying for law reform, ALRANZ also spoke out about issues related to abortion services. Harassment of patients accessing services was (and continues to be) an issue that ALRANZ has confronted. In 2016 the question of safe zones outside facilities was raised in response to protests against
258:
In
November 1975, Dr Margaret Sparrow made a submission to the commission on behalf of ALRANZ, and came under sustained personal attack from lawyers from SPUC (Society for the Protection of Unborn Children), who were permitted to question her. While other groups made submissions, the Royal Commission
249:
New
Zealand’s first abortion clinic, the Auckland Medical Aid Centre, opened in Remuera, Auckland, on 17 May 1974 and although it was not an ALRANZ project, many ALRANZ members were actively involved. The clinic offended the authorities and sparked a series of police actions, court cases and moves in
58:
The
Abortion Law Reform Association of New Zealand (ALRANZ) was founded in response to organising by anti-abortion rights groups, such as the Catholic organisation the Society for the Protection of the Unborn Child (SPUC). The campaigns of these anti-abortion rights groups provoked a strong reaction,
267:
The Royal
Commission recommended a bill, designed by SPUC, to make it difficult to get an abortion. Their motivations centred around concerns about the decline in churchgoing and the changing role of women in society. In the final analysis, they hoped to turn the clock back on the 1960s. Immediately
400:
In 2018 ALRANZ brought a human rights complaint against the New
Zealand government for its discriminatory abortion laws and the case went before the Human Rights Review Tribunal. The complaint was withdrawn subsequent to the new legislation passed in March 2020, as law reform had made the issues in
378:
A national poll commissioned by ALRANZ in 2017 indicated that a majority of New
Zealanders supported the legalisation of abortion in all seven specific circumstances given to them in the survey (e.g., maternal death, contraceptive failure, rape, etc.). These results were supported by the subsequent
62:
The founding meeting in 1970 was chaired by Wayne Facer, an Auckland University administrator, who became the first research officer for ALRANZ. At the meeting, it was decided that a steering committee should be formed, charged with drafting aims and objectives. The steering committee reported back
282:
The 1980s saw continued skirmishing but no notable legislative changes. However, during that time, health boards began providing abortion services, including opening clinics in Wellington (Parkview, 1980) and Christchurch (Lyndhurst, 1986). These clinics faced sustained opposition, in the form of
369:
In 2015, Bellamak took up leadership of ALRANZ, and under her leadership the organisation lobbied strongly for decriminalisation primarily for health and safety reasons. In a television appearance in 2017, Bellamak challenged the belief—expressed on the programme by then Prime Minister Bill
63:
to a meeting held in the Unitarian Church, Ponsonby Road on 15 September 1970. At that meeting ALRANZ endorsed the draft aims, and a constitution was prepared to establish ALRANZ as an incorporated society. Some of the early members included family planning doctor and paediatrician, Dr
291:
Despite ongoing lobbying efforts by ALRANZ and other pro-abortion rights groups, the 1990s saw no legislative changes around abortion rights. Political pressure for change had eased over the years because of the more liberal approach taken by certifying consultants in the wake of
370:
English—that the status quo of de facto abortion on demand was sufficient. Bellamak argued that the law required those seeking an abortion "to basically lie and say they're mentally ill, or they will be mentally ill if they carry the child to term."
195:
for 40 years, a goal that was finally realised in 2020. Despite the law change, ALRANZ continues to lobby for improvements to the law and to monitor its implementation. The organisation continues to lobby for the following legal changes:
181:
has served as ALRANZ president. Morison was trained as a psychologist in South Africa and works as an academic at Massey University. Her expertise are in sexual and reproductive decision-making, and she has published extensively in this
304:
A revival of feminist activism in the new millennium also helped ALRANZ rebuild, as a new generation of women saw New Zealand’s 30-plus year old law as a discriminatory example of outdated notions about reproductive rights and justice.
219:
In so doing, ALRANZ wants to see abortion laws that no longer breach the fundamental human rights of those seeking to terminate a pregnancy. The organisation wants abortion to be treated purely as health care issue, not a moral issue.
387:
The change in public sentiment was reflected in national politics. During 2017 national election campaign, the Labour Party, then in opposition, pledged to support decriminalisation. This commitment was announced by the party leader
159:
served as president from 1975 to 1980, and again from 1984 until March 2011. Sparrow was a gynecologist in Wellington and also had long-standing involvement with the Family Planning Association of New Zealand until her
308:
In 2010, when Healey took over from longtime president Sparrow, a basic website, which Dame Margaret had helped set up, was revamped and younger activists joined the ALRANZ executive. That year ALRANZ supported
250:
Parliament to rein in abortion access. These in turn prompted the Labour Government to announce the establishment of a Royal Commission on Contraception Sterilisation and Abortion to examine New Zealand's laws.
1171:
271:
In January 1982, Melvyn Wall, an anti-abortion paediatrician, challenged the decision of two certifying consultants to approve an abortion for a 15-year-old. The case became famous as
283:
arson attacks and bomb threats. ALRANZ and other pro-abortion rights organisations worked to defend clinics and abortion services, as well as continuing to advocate for law change.
1240:
228:
After its inception in 1970, ALRANZ became a de facto referral and advice service for women and their families, despite the lack of abortion services in the country at the time.
38:
in existence since 1971. Since the decriminalisation of abortion in 2020, the organisation continues to monitor and lobby for changes to the law. The organisation is based in
872:
724:
832:
920:
279:
became one of the foundations of New Zealand's abortion regime; it protects the independence of certifying consultants to make decisions without interference.
1250:
1245:
739:
1181:
572:
174:
stepped into the role. A former executive at Goldman Sachs (USA), Bellamak took up New Zealand citizenship in 2011 and studied law in the country.
418:
After 40 years of lobbying for change, in March 2020, New Zealand amended its abortion laws and decriminalised abortion after passage of the
965:
1024:
1255:
490:
1260:
470:
642:
616:
598:
1116:
1050:
999:
320:
During the period of 2010 to 2017, ALRANZ supported Sparrow in writing key texts on the history of abortion in New Zealand:
1196:
1141:
419:
1089:
825:
684:
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safe areas: a mandated 150 m buffer zone around all health care facilities offering pregnancy termination services
357:
32:
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310:
545:
743:
431:
192:
576:
517:
699:
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rebalance of ‘conscientious objection’ to place the burden on the provider rather than the patient
1062:
897:
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980:
718:
466:
646:
114:
Prof. J. L. Roberts, Professor School of Political Science, Victoria University of Wellington
155:
620:
602:
494:
167:
took over the role of president. Healey had until then served as ALRANZ National Secretary.
1074:
836:
126:
Prof. A. J. W. Taylor, Professor of Clinical Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington
436:
389:
314:
35:
45:
1234:
275:, after Wall and one of the two certifying consultants involved. Wall lost the case.
84:
966:"Sociodemographic factors associated with attitudes toward abortion in New Zealand"
921:"Kiwi women seeking abortions 'have to basically lie and say they're mentally ill'"
148:
Dame Margaret Sparrow, former national president of ALRANZ Abortion Rights Aotearoa
74:
Dr. D. P. Boshier, Associate Professor Reproductive Biology, University of Auckland
67:(1914–1974). As at 1975, the following served on the Advisory Council for ALRANZ.
938:
200:
no certifying consultants, people must be able to self-refer to abortion service
102:
Prof. J.R. McCreary, Professor of Social Work, Victoria University of Wellington
28:
1149:
236:
64:
39:
1093:
135:
Prof. John Scott Werry, Professor Dept of Psychiatry, University of Auckland
984:
793:
144:
123:
Prof. J. D. Sinclair, Professor Dept of Physiology, University of Auckland
206:
loosening of restrictions on where abortions can be performed and by whom
129:
Prof. A. M. O. Veale, Professor of Human Genetics, University of Auckland
99:
Prof. B. James, Chairman Dept Psychological Medicine, University of Otago
90:
Prof. R. A. M. Gregson, Professor of Psychology, University of Canterbury
1172:"Abortion Legislation Bill passes third and final reading in Parliament"
1025:"New Zealand election: Jacinda Ardern pledges to decriminalise abortion"
669:
93:
Dr. V. J. Hartfield, Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, Wanganui Hospital
96:
Prof. J. I. Hubbard, Professor of Neurophysiology, University of Otago
120:
Prof. H. H. Schaefer, Professor of Psychology, University of Auckland
108:
Rev Dr. F. W. R. Nichol, Professor of Theology, Knox College, Dunedin
77:
Prof. R. B. Elliott, Head of Dept Paediatrics, University of Auckland
850:
111:
Prof. J. E. Ritchie, Professor of Psychology, University of Waikato
87:, Professor of Religious Studies, Victoria University of Wellington
235:
143:
117:
Prof. J. L. Ryan, Dean of Faculty of Law, University of Canterbury
44:
766:
132:
Prof. Peter Webb, Professor School of Law, University of Auckland
812:
463:
Fighting to Choose: The Abortion Rights Struggle in New Zealand
345:
Fighting to Choose: The Abortion Rights Struggle in New Zealand
42:, publishes a quarterly newsletter, and has its own web site.
351:
Right to Life NZ v Abortion Supervisory Committee (2005–2012)
343:
In 2013, ALRANZ executive member Alison McCulloch published
331:
Rough on Women: Abortion in Nineteenth Century New Zealand
80:
Dr. J. P. B. Fitzgerald, O&G Dept, University of Otago
1220:
964:
Huang, Yanshu; Osborne, Danny; Sibley, Chris G. (2019).
700:"Dr Tracy Morison - Senior Lecturer - Massey University"
422:. Abortion is now regulated under health legislation.
317:'s 2010 bill to decriminalise abortion up to 24 weeks.
263:
The Contraception, Sterilisation, and Abortion Act 1977
71:
Dr. Ross Blue, Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Auckland
546:"Dame Margaret steps aside from abortion reform group"
465:. Wellington, New Zealand: Victoria University Press.
873:"Right to life v The abortion supervisory committee"
1090:"ALRANZ's Complaint to the Human Rights Commission"
105:
Dr. R. D. MacDiarmid, General Practitioner, Dunedin
337:Risking Their Lives: NZ Abortion Stories 1900–1939
325:Risking Their Lives: NZ Abortion Stories 1900–1939
1115:Trevett, Claire; Harris, Sarah (16 August 2016).
998:National Council of Women of New Zealand (2019).
16:National pro-choice advocacy group in New Zealand
1051:"Abortion case headed for Human Rights Tribunal"
573:"Abortion Law Reform Association of New Zealand"
191:ALRANZ lobbied for total decriminalisation of
21:Abortion Law Reform Association of New Zealand
8:
1241:Abortion-rights organisations in New Zealand
723:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
401:the case moot, at least for the time being.
209:proper treatment of early medical abortions
851:"Contraception, Abortion: Whose Decision?"
383:Labour Party commits to decriminalisation
798:Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
643:"Index New Zealand Holdings Information"
617:"Index New Zealand Holdings Information"
599:"Index New Zealand Holdings Information"
414:Passage of Abortion Legislation Act 2020
405:Patient harassment and clinic safe zones
1023:Roy, Eleanor Ainge (5 September 2017).
828:ALRANZ Backs MP’s Legalisation Proposal
794:"Abortion - Controversy: 1974 to 1980s"
448:
259:was dominated by SPUC and its lawyers.
1117:"Abortion 'no-protest zone' suggested"
1070:
1060:
716:
871:Supreme Court of New Zealand (2012).
787:
785:
783:
7:
738:Family Planning New Zealand (2020).
540:
538:
484:
482:
456:
454:
452:
365:Changing the conversation: 2015–2020
1251:1971 establishments in New Zealand
898:"RTL Owes $ 72,500 in Court Costs"
14:
1246:Organizations established in 1971
1049:Newsroom staff (9 October 2018).
698:Zealand, Massey University, New.
327:(Victoria University Press, 2010)
1146:ALRANZ: Abortion Rights Aotearoa
685:"ALRANZ announces new president"
1180:. 18 March 2020. Archived from
767:"Abortion Law Reform: Achieved"
1000:"2019 Gender Attitudes Survey"
1:
683:Scoop Health (28 June 2015).
420:Abortion Legislation Act 2020
355:In 2005, anti-abortion group
491:"About us: Past and present"
1195:Ministry of Health (2020).
973:New Zealand Medical Journal
849:ALRANZ (28 February 2014).
839:(accessed on July 14, 2010)
518:"The abortion protagonists"
392:during a televised debate.
232:The early years: 1970–1980s
203:removal of gestation limits
1277:
1226:Alternative ALRANZ website
919:One news (13 March 2017).
461:McCulloch, Alison (2013).
240:Abortion deaths, 1927–1970
1256:Law reform in New Zealand
835:February 6, 2013, at the
740:"The Law around abortion"
1261:New Zealand abortion law
896:ALRANZ (24 June 2015).
432:Abortion in New Zealand
193:abortion in New Zealand
1197:"Considering abortion"
550:The New Zealand Herald
516:Coney, Sandra (1976).
396:Human rights complaint
241:
224:The law reform process
149:
50:
943:Curia Market Research
552:. NZPA. 30 March 2011
239:
177:As of December 2021,
147:
48:
1152:on 30 September 2020
792:Cook, Megan (2011).
605:on 30 November 2014.
497:on 30 September 2020
254:The Royal Commission
245:AMAC Abortion Clinic
746:on 19 December 2019
649:on 30 November 2014
623:on 30 November 2014
579:on 28 December 2019
525:Auckland Broadsheet
1121:New Zealand Herald
1096:on 17 October 2020
1073:has generic name (
813:"History of Istar"
242:
150:
54:Founding of ALRANZ
51:
1184:on 30 March 2020.
1177:Radio New Zealand
294:Wall v Livingston
277:Wall v Livingston
273:Wall v Livingston
172:Ms Terry Bellamak
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493:. Archived from
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358:Right to Life NZ
179:Dr Tracy Morison
165:Dr Morgan Healey
156:Margaret Sparrow
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945:. 13 March 2017
939:"Abortion poll"
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900:(Media Release)
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670:"Morgan Healey"
668:Abortion wiki.
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979:(1497): 9–20.
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