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the peddler, having seen the Lady, is compelled to relate a tale. The peddler had met his wife while in the army, and she died young. While on her death bed, she confessed that she once stole an exquisitely beautiful baby girl from a family named
Andrews, and sold her on to Sir Thomas Booby, thus raising the possibility that Fanny may in fact be Joseph's sister. The company is shocked, but there is general relief that the crime of incest may have been narrowly averted.
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jealousy ignited by seeing the two lovers reunited, departs angrily. When Adams, Joseph and Fanny come to leave the following morning, they find their departure delayed by an inability to settle the bill, and, with Adams's solicitations of a loan from the local parson and his wealthy parishioners failing, it falls on a local peddler to rescue the trio by loaning them his last
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462:. To compound their misery, the squire has Adams and Joseph accused of kidnapping Fanny, to have them detained while he orders the abduction of the girl himself. She is rescued in transit, however, by Lady Booby's steward, Peter Pounce, and all four of them complete the remainder of the journey to Booby Hall together.
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to alleviate his financial problems. He spends his last few pence on a lottery ticket, but with no reliable income, is soon forced to exchange it for food. While in jail for his debts, news reaches him that the ticket he gave away has won a £3,000 prize. His disappointment is short-lived, however, as
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On his way to see Fanny, Joseph is mugged and laid up in a nearby inn where, by coincidence, he is reunited with Parson Adams, who is on his way to London to sell three volumes of his sermons. The thief is found and brought to the inn (only to escape later that night), and Joseph is reunited with his
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The novel begins with the affable, intrusive narrator outlining the nature of our hero. Joseph
Andrews is the brother of Richardson's Pamela and is of the same rustic parentage and patchy ancestry. At the age of 10, he found himself tending animals as an apprentice to Sir Thomas Booby. In proving his
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on his chest. Joseph is now the son of a respected gentleman, Fanny an in-law of the Booby family, and the couple no longer suspected of being siblings. Two days later they are married by Adams in a humble ceremony, and the narrator, after bringing the story to a close, and in a disparaging allusion
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it passes. As the night falls and Adams and the stranger discourse on courage and duty, a shriek is heard. The stranger, having seconds earlier lauded the virtues of bravery and chivalry, makes his excuses and flees the scene without turning back. Adams, however, rushes to the girl's aid and after a
598:, was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in July 2021. It was written by Shaun McKenna and incorporated a fictionalization of Fielding writing the novel with the help of his wife whilst the couple struggled for money in fear of retribution for some of Fielding's anonymous satires against the Tory government.
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usually reserved for
Fielding's less savoury characters, Adams is informed that his youngest son, Jacky, has drowned. After indulging his grief in a manner contrary to his lecture a few minutes previously, Adams is informed that the report was premature, and that his son has in fact been rescued by
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At the age of 16, Wilson's father died and left him a modest fortune. Finding himself the master of his destiny, he left school and travelled to London where he soon acquainted himself with the dress, manners and reputation for womanising necessary to consider himself a "beau". Wilson's life in the
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After stopping at an inn, Adams relinquishes his seat to Joseph, and forgetting his horse, sets out ahead on foot. Finding himself some time ahead of his friend, Adams rests by the side of the road where he becomes so engaged in conversation with a fellow traveller that he misses the stage coach as
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As Joseph sets out from London by moonlight, the narrator introduces the novel's heroine, Fanny
Goodwill, Joseph's true love. A poor, illiterate girl of 'extraordinary beauty' (I, xi), now living with a farmer close to Lady Booby's parish, she and Joseph had grown ever closer since their childhood,
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Lady Booby, in a last-ditch attempt to sabotage the marriage, brings a young beau named
Didapper to Adams's house to seduce Fanny. Fanny is unmoved by his bold attempts at courtship. Didapper is too bold in his approach and provokes Joseph into a fight. The Lady and the beau depart in disgust, but
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The following morning, Joseph and Pamela's parents arrive, and together with the peddler and Adams, they piece together the question of Fanny's parentage. The
Andrews identify her as their lost daughter, but have a twist to add to the tale. When Fanny was an infant, she was indeed stolen from her
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Three days later, the Lady's plans are foiled by the visit of her nephew, Mr Booby, and a surprise guest: Booby has married Pamela, granting Joseph a powerful new ally and brother-in-law. What is more, Booby is an acquaintance of the justice presiding over Joseph and Fanny's trial, and instead of
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and the Lady turns her anger onto Parson Adams, who is accommodating Fanny at his house. Finding herself powerless either to stop the marriage or to expel them from the parish, she enlists the help of Lawyer Scout, who brings a spurious charge of larceny against Joseph and Fanny to prevent, or at
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Wilson found himself at the mercy of many of the social ills that
Fielding had written about in his journalism: the over-saturated and abused literary market, the exploitative state lottery, and regressive laws which sanctioned imprisonment for small debts. Having seen the corrupting influence of
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The three depart the inn by night, and it is not long before Fanny needs to rest. With the party silent, they overhear approaching voices agree on "the murder of any one they meet" (III, ii) and flee to a local house. Inviting them in, the owner, Mr. Wilson, informs them that the gang of supposed
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tale of a resolute servant girl, armed only with her "virtue", battling against her master's attempts at seduction had become an overnight literary sensation in 1741. The implicit moral message—that a girl's chastity has eventual value as a commodity—and the awkwardness of the epistolary form in
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With Joseph following on horseback, Adams finds himself sharing a stage coach with an anonymous lady and Madam
Slipslop, an admirer of Joseph's and a servant of Lady Booby. When they pass the house of a teenage girl named Leonora, the anonymous lady is reminded of a story and begins one of the
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During his stay in the inn, Adams's hopes for his sermons are mocked in a discussion with a travelling bookseller and another parson. Nevertheless, Adams remains resolved to continue his journey to London until it is revealed that his wife, deciding that he would be more in need of shirts than
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After some comic litigious wrangling before the local magistrate, the pair are eventually released and depart shortly after midnight in search of Joseph. They do not have to walk far before a storm forces them into the same inn that Joseph and
Slipslop have chosen for the night. Slipslop, her
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murderers were in fact sheep-stealers, intent more on the killing of livestock than of Adams and his friends. The party being settled, Wilson begins the novel's most lengthy interpolated tale by recounting his life story; a story which bears a notable resemblance to
Fielding's own youth.
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town is a façade: he writes love-letters to himself, obtains his fine clothes on credit, and is concerned more to be seen at the theatre than to watch the play. After two bad experiences with women, he is financially crippled, and much like Fielding, falls into the company of a group of
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After Sir Thomas's death, Joseph finds his Lady's affections redoubled as she offers herself to him in her chamber while on a trip to London. In a scene analogous to many of Pamela's refusals of Mr. B in Richardson's novel, Lady Booby finds Joseph's Christian commitment to pre-marital
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wealth and the town, he retires with his new wife to the rural solitude in which Adams, Fanny and Joseph find them. The only break in his contentment, and one which turns out to be significant to the plot, was the kidnapping of his eldest son, whom he has not seen since.
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parents, but the thieves left behind a sickly infant Joseph in return, who was raised as their own. It is immediately apparent that Joseph is the above-mentioned kidnapped son of Wilson, and when Wilson arrives on his promised visit, he identifies Joseph by a
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struggle knocks her attacker unconscious. In spite of Adams's good intentions, he and the girl, who reveals herself to be none other than Fanny Goodwill (in search of Joseph after hearing of his mugging), find themselves accused of assault and robbery.
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unwavering. After suffering the Lady's fury, Joseph sends a letter to his sister much like Pamela's anguished missives in her own novel. The Lady makes one last attempt at seduction before dismissing him from both his job and his lodgings.
154:. Appearing in 1742 and defined by Fielding as a "comic epic poem in prose", it tells of a good-natured footman's adventures on the road home from London with his friend and mentor, the absent-minded parson Abraham Adams.
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nomination for the role. The tag line ("The story of a young, English footman who served the Lady Booby but loved the little Fanny") suggests how it captures some of the source material's bawdy humour. It was released on
483:, has them committed to his own custody. Knowing of his sister's antipathy to the two lovers, Booby offers to reunite Joseph with his sister and take him and Fanny into his own parish and his own family.
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The impetus for the novel, as Fielding claims in the preface, is the establishment of a genre of writing "which I do not remember to have been hitherto attempted in our language", defined as the "comic
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novel's three interpolated tales, "The History of Leonora, or the Unfortunate Jilt". This continues for a number of chapters, punctuated by the questions and interruptions of the other passengers.
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On seeing Joseph arrive back in the parish, a jealous Lady Booby meanders through emotions as diverse as rage, pity, hatred, pride and love. The next morning Joseph and Fanny's
215:" (see title page on right), the work owes much of its humour to the techniques developed by Cervantes, and its subject-matter to the seemingly loose arrangement of events,
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sermons on his journey, has neglected to pack them. The pair thus decide to return to the parson's parish: Joseph in search of Fanny, and Adams in search of his sermons.
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of the period, it relies on bawdy humour, an impending marriage and a mystery surrounding unknown parentage, but conversely is rich in philosophical digressions,
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The solicitations of charity that Adams is forced to make, and the complications which surround their stay in the parish, bring him into contact with many local
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454:, the trio proceed to the house of a local squire, where Fielding illustrates another contemporary social ill by having Adams subjected to a humiliating
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409:, gentlemen and parsons, and much of the latter part of Book II is taken up by discussions of literature, religion, philosophy and trade that result.
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494:, Adams instructs his friend to submit to the will of God and control his passions, even in the face of overwhelming tragedy. In the kind of cruel
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Fielding merely uses the perceived deprivation of popular literature as a springboard to conceive more fully his own philosophy of prose fiction.
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dealing with ongoing events, along with the triviality of the detail which the form necessitates, were some of the main targets of Fielding's
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Wilson promises to visit Adams when he passes through his parish, and after another mock-epic battle on the road, this time with a party of
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before their local parson and mentor Abraham Adams recommended that they postpone marriage until they have the means to live comfortably.
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The Wesleyan Edition of the Works of Henry Fielding is the standard collection of Fielding's texts. Reliable paperback editions include:
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As becomes apparent from the first few chapters of the novel, in which Richardson and Cibber are parodied mercilessly, the real germ of
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in prose": a work of prose fiction, epic in length and variety of incident and character, in the hypothetical spirit of
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the daughter of the winner hears of his plight, pays off his debts, and, after a brief courtship, agrees to marry him.
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worth as a horseman, he caught the eye of Sir Thomas's wife, Lady Booby, who now employs him (age 17) as her footman.
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possessions. Adams and Joseph catch up with each other, and the parson, in spite of his own poverty, offers his last
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is Fielding's objection to the moral and technical limitations of the popular literature of his day. But while
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phenomenon was just one example of what he saw as a culture of literary abuses in the mid-18th century.
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Jason, Philip K. (November 1967). "Samuel Jackson Pratt's unpublished comedy of 'Joseph Andrews'".
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A four-part radio adaption dramatised by John Scotney was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in April 1986.
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The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of his Friend Mr. Abraham Adams
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The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and His Friend, Mr. Abraham Adams
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of the stylistic failings and moral hypocrisy that Fielding saw in Richardson's
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The novel draws on various inspirations. Written "in imitation of the manner of
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Richardson would continue to be a target of Fielding's first novel, but the
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Lang, Bernhard. The Triumph of Chaste Love – Fielding. In: Bernhard Lang,
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Joseph and Adams's stay in the inn is capped by one of many burlesque,
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738:. Edited by Homer Goldberg. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1987)
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the same peddler that loaned him his last few shillings in Book II.
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started and finished as a sustained subversion of a rival work, in
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A contemporary New York Times review of the 1977 film adaptation
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to Richardson, reassures readers that there will be no sequel.
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The Moral Basis of Fielding’s Art: A Study of Joseph Andrews
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and lower-class characters to the genre of writing known as
753:. Edited by Judith Hawley. (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1999)
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Ed. Paul A. Scanlon. Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2001.
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Joseph in Egypt: A Cultural Icon from Grotius to Goethe
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digressions in the novel. Betty, the inn's 21-year-old
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fiction came a year previously with the publication in
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This article is about the novel. For other uses, see
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Wilson begins his tale in the first edition of 1742.
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736:Joseph Andrews with Shamela and Related Writings
1211:Fielding, Henry (1999). Hawley, Judith (ed.).
128:The Life and Death of Jonathan Wild, the Great
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805:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969)
162:The novel embodies a fusion of two competing
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527:and performed on 20 April 1778 at the
684:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
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567:as Joseph, and Lady Booby played by
652:Cleary, Thomas R. (26 June 2002).
531:. The role of Fanny was played by
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1277:British novels adapted into films
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32:Joseph Andrews (disambiguation)
681:New International Encyclopedia
486:In a discourse with Joseph on
239:Fielding's first venture into
231:erudition and social purpose.
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776:. Based on the Wesleyan text.
675:"Adams, Parson Abraham"
475:least postpone the wedding.
142:, was the first full-length
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656:. The Literary Encyclopedia
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822:. (London: Pimlico, 2000)
766:Joseph Andrews and Shamela
751:Joseph Andrews and Shamela
648:Requires free subscription
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1118:The Covent-Garden Journal
1015:The Covent Garden Tragedy
803:The Art of Joseph Andrews
529:Theatre Royal, Drury Lane
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1247:Novels by Henry Fielding
1213:Joseph Andrews / Shamela
966:The Tragedy of Tragedies
1143:Actor Rebellion of 1733
931:Love in Several Masques
594:A two-part adaptation,
168:18th-century literature
1153:Paper War of 1752–1753
596:Joseph Andrews Remixed
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27:Early novel in English
1257:British comedy novels
1064:Novels and Narratives
1036:The Universal Gallant
987:The Grub Street Opera
820:The Rise of the Novel
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1262:Metafictional novels
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569:Swedish-born
557:Chris Bryant
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196:Daniel Defoe
180:aristocratic
176:neoclassical
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158:Inspirations
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130:(1743)
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117:(1741)
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1242:1742 novels
1215:. Penguin.
1046:Later plays
994:The Lottery
922:Early plays
572:Ann-Margret
565:Peter Firth
553:Allan Scott
547:in 1977 by
460:half-guinea
370:chambermaid
217:digressions
212:Don Quixote
172:mock-heroic
1236:Categories
1222:0140433864
862:, Volume 2
854:, Volume 1
640:References
563:as Adams,
303:apocryphal
265:epistolary
235:Background
221:picaresque
164:aesthetics
1093:Tom Jones
1029:The Miser
952:Tom Thumb
817:Watt, Ian
781:Criticism
509:birthmark
481:Bridewell
391:mock-epic
366:slapstick
295:epic-poem
229:classical
207:Cervantes
184:Augustans
878:LibriVox
726:Editions
660:25 April
581:region 1
492:fatalism
488:stoicism
456:roasting
413:Book III
346:chastity
308:Margites
255:travesty
247:form of
245:pamphlet
186:such as
74:Language
1072:Shamela
466:Book IV
407:squires
376:Book II
320:Shamela
286:Dunciad
250:Shamela
115:Shamela
96:Britain
77:English
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1162:People
1136:Events
1100:Amelia
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432:Deists
359:9s 3½d
335:Book I
277:Pamela
270:parody
260:Pamela
225:tropes
170:: the
54:Author
843:from
602:Notes
400:6s 6d
299:Homer
241:prose
144:novel
105:print
1217:ISBN
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792:ISBN
770:ISBN
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740:ISBN
711:ISBN
694:ISBN
662:2011
555:and
490:and
253:, a
198:and
190:and
174:and
87:1742
625:doi
166:of
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