282:
in the fifteenth. In the assessment of
Beatrice Gruendler, it was 'a foundational text for the state of rhetoric at the close of the fourth/tenth century ... Abū Hilāl was more a perceptive practical critic than a theorist, and his merit is that of assembling the accepted rules and principles of
135:), Arabic speech and Arabic writing, for use in poetry, sermons, and epistles ... With his manuals, which are structured systematically, with detailed tables of contents in the prefaces (a format adhered to throughout his books) so that any item can be easily located, he offers aspiring
59:. He was taught by his father and the similarly named Abū Aḥmad al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Saʿīd al-ʿAskarī (with whom later scholars sometimes confused him). He was a cloth merchant, and his journeying enabled him to develop a wide knowledge of Arabic-language culture.
586:
Ed. by Oskar
Rescher, Seminar für Orientalischen Sprachen, Universität Berlin. Mitteilungen Abt. 2 Jahrgang (Berlin, 1915 CE), 16:103–30; ed. by Ibrāhīm al-Abyārī and ʿAbd al-Ḥafīẓ Shalabī (Cairo, 1934 CE); ed. by ʿAḥmad Abd al-Tawwāb ʿAwaḍ (Cairo 1998
345:
written in Arabic from the perspective of literary criticism rather than lexicography. Al-ʿAskarī reproduced this text in individual fascicles, each on a specific theme, for ease of reference. The text is also noted as an early source of poetic
283:
literary criticism in a more coherent, detailed, and comprehensive way than ever before ... Nonetheless, he placed prose and poetry on a par for the first time, and he expanded Ibn al-Muʾtazz's list of seventeen tropes (five
251:
Al-ʿAskarī composed poetry of his own, which is partially preserved through citations in al-ʿAskarī's own works and by others in biographical literature; this has been gathered by Muḥsin Ghayyāḍ and George Kanazi.
311:), which he considered successful so long as the second author concealed the theft by a transfer across genres or between prose and poetry, or if he enriched the wording, the meaning, or both.' The work drew on
143:
s. Abū Hilāl expected his books to be memorised and cited in learned conversation, with the purpose of social advancement in the reigning Arabic literary culture, fostered by the second generation of Būyid
180:). Al-ʿAskarī presents this work as a step to attaining the level of Arabic needed for religious study and a full appreciation of the Qur'an. It disagrees with the claim of previous authorities (such as
27:
origin, noted for composing a wide range of works enabling
Persian-speakers like himself to develop refined and literary Arabic usage and so gain preferment under Arab rule. He is best known for his
401:. This excursus on learning reveals much about al-ʿAskarī's pedagogical conception of his writings, focusing on methods of memorisation and learning, and on the purpose of knowledge.
698:
Ed. by Muḥammad Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm and ʿAbd al-Majīd Qaṭāmish, 2 vols (Cairo 1384 AH/1964 CE); ed. by Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Salām and Muḥammad Saīd Zaghlūl, 2 vols (Beirut 1408 AH/1988 CE).
640:, trans. by Joep Lameer, Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East, 117, 5 vols in 6 (Leiden: Brill, 2016–19), III (=Supplement Volume 1) p. 88;
627:, ed. Ahmad Salim Ghānim, 2 vols (Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmi, 1424 AH/2003 CE). The latter is a critical edition, drawing on several manuscripts, and fully indexed.
689:
Ed. by Muḥammad al-Sayyid Wakīl (Medina and
Tangier, 1966 CE); ed. by Walīd Qaṣṣāb and Muḥammad al-Miṣrī, 2 vols (Damascus, 1975 CE [repr. Riyadh 1401 AH/1981-82 CE).
806:
761:
781:
92:
In some of his poetry, al-ʿAskarī complained that his scholarship was not shown the respect it deserved, but medieval biographers characterised his treatise
786:
791:
811:
446:
Beatrice
Gruendler, 'Motif vs. genre. Reflections on the Dīwān al-maʿānī of Abū Hilāl al-ʿAskarī', in Thomas Bauer and Angelika Neuwirth (eds.),
389:. An alphabetised collection of turns of phrase (muḥāwarāt), parables, adages, and proverbs — the most comprehensive in Arabic up to that time.
821:
816:
737:
645:
63:
89:
indicates that this was the first of several planned commentaries on minor poets, but it seems that al-ʿAskarī completed no more of these.
667:
Ed. by Carlo
Landberg, Primeurs arabes (Leiden, 1886 CE), facs., 1:57–75; ed. by Salāḥ al-Dīn al-Munajjid (Beirut, 1389 AH/1970 CE).
196:) could exist between words within a single dialect of Arabic. It deploys around 1,200 examples. The work focuses on the speech of
559:
Anonymous edn (Cairo, 1353/1934-5); ed. by ʿĀdil
Nuwayhiḍ (Beirut, 1393/1973); ed. by Ahmad Salīm al-Ḥimṣī (Tripoli , 1415/1994).
801:
796:
291:) to twenty-nine, some of which he claimed to have invented himself. His most original chapter, even if inspired by the
127:
Writing in Khūzistān, partly for native speakers of
Persian, Abū Hilāl impressed upon them the need to master elevated (
499:
208:, alongside more common usages. The text was abridged and edited into a question-and-answer format under the title
407:. In this short book, the author relates a series of cases in which caliphs submitted to a qadi's judgement.
316:
274:
and abridged by
Muwaffaq al-Dīn al-Baghdādī (d. 628/1230) around the thirteenth century CE, and influencing
217:
707:
Ed. by Maḥmūd al-Jabālī (Cairo, 1326 AH/1908 CE); ed. by Maḥmūd Muḥammad Shākir (Cairo, 1353 AH/1934 CE).
275:
120:
312:
185:
79:
328:
296:
238:
755:
332:
189:
743:
733:
641:
516:
508:
379:. The first monograph in Arabic on inventions and their inventors in Arabic cultural history (
320:
232:
198:
504:
422:
52:
39:. However, he composed at least twenty-five works, many of which survive at least in part.
623:, 2 vols in 1 (Cairo: Maktabat ʾal-Qudsī, 1352 AH/1933–34 CE) )] ; Abū Hilāl al-ʿAskari,
267:
216:, the work was also arranged alphabetically and supplemented from the eighteenth-century
204:
67:
56:
726:ʻAskarī, Abū Hilāl al-Ḥasan ibn ʻAbd Allāh.; عسكري، ابو هلال الحسن بن عبد الله. (2011).
230:. A collection of terms denoting different kinds of remainders, aimed at an audience of
599:, ed. by Muḥsin Ghayyāḍ (Beirut 1975); ed. by Jūrj Qanāzi (Damascus, 1400 AH/1979 CE).
347:
654:
619:
775:
426:
324:
181:
568:
Anonymous edn (Būlāq, 1322/1904-5); anonymous edn (Cairo, 1345 AH/1926-27 CE).
747:
520:
727:
417:
Enayatollah Fatehi-nezhad and Farzin
Negahban, 'Abū Aḥmad al-ʿAskarī', in
652:, 3 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1937–42)], citing ʾImām ʾAbī Hilāl ʾal-ʿAskarī,
24:
534:
23:('littérateur'), was an Arabic-language lexicographer and literatus of
364:
al-Risāla fī ḍabṭ wa-taḥrīr mawāḍiʿ min dīwān al-Ḥamāsa li-Abī Tammām
608:
Ed. by Alī al-Bijāwī and Muḥammad Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm (Cairo, 1952 ).
658:, 2 vols in 1 (Cairo: Maktabat ʾal-Qudsī, 1352AH ), II 208-14 )].
448:
Ghazal as world literature 1. Transformations of a literary genre
228:
al-Muʿjam fī baqāyā l-ashyāʾ maʿa dhayl asmāʾ baqiyyat al-ashyāʾ
434:
Abū Hilāl al-ʿAskarī wa-maqāyīsuhu al-balāghiyya wa-l-naqdiyya
266:). This was al-ʿAskarī's most influential piece, influencing
729:
Le Livre des califes qui s'en remirent au jugement d'un cadi
716:
Ed. Marwān Qabbānī (Beirut and Damascus, 1406 AH/1986 CE).
441:
Studies in the Kitāb al-Ṣināʾatayn of Abū Hilāl al-ʾAskarī
341:. A catalogue of literary conceits and motifs — the first
550:
Ed. by ʿIzzat Ḥasan, 2 vols (Damascus, 1389–90/1969–70).
255:
Al-ʿAskarī also wrote a number of treatises on poetics:
62:
Among his poetry are works addressed to the Būyid wazīr
82:
reckoned that al-ʿAskarī died around 400 AH/1010 CE.
650:
Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur. Supplementband
17:
Abū Hilāl al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbdallāh b. Sahl al-ʿAskarī
498:
139:an opportunity to shine in literary and scholarly
19:(d. c. 400 AH/1010 CE), known also by the epithet
405:Kitāb mā iḥtakama bi-hi al-khulafā’ ilā al-quḍāt
360:al-Risāla al-māssa fīmā lam yuḍbaṭ min al-Ḥamāsa
299:(d. 322/934), is the one on literary borrowing (
421:, ed. by Wilferd Madelung and Farhad Daftary,
70:(d. 354/965). What seems to be his last work,
8:
760:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
260:Kitāb al-Ṣināʿatayn al-kitāba wa-l-shiʿr
638:History of the Arabic Written Tradition
535:The Works of Abū Hilāl al-ʽAskarī
460:
323:, along with (without acknowledgement)
753:
393:al-Kuramāʾ (Faḍl al-ʿaṭāʾ ʿalā l-ʿusr)
168:al-Talkhīṣ fī maʿrifat asmāʾ al-ashyāʾ
807:10th-century Persian-language writers
492:
490:
488:
486:
484:
7:
782:10th-century Arabic-language writers
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
450:(Beirut and Stuttgart, 2005), 57–85.
170:. A thematically arranged thesaurus.
112:('innovative'), and work as a whole
74:, indicates that his previous work,
648:, 2 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1943–49);
78:, was completed in 395 AH/1005 CE.
787:10th-century Arabic-language poets
14:
354:Sharḥ Dīwān Abī Miḥjan al-Thaqafī
87:Sharḥ Dīwān Abī Miḥjan al-Thaqafī
792:Scholars under the Buyid dynasty
507:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
427:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0035
812:People from Khuzestan province
617:ʾImām ʾAbī Hilāl ʾal-ʿAskarī,
515:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
1:
214:Muʿjam al-furūq al-lughawiyya
131:), as opposed to colloquial (
822:11th-century Iranian writers
817:10th-century Iranian writers
577:Anonymus edn (Qum, 1412 AH).
497:Gruendler, Beatrice (2007).
399:al-Ḥathth ʿalā ṭalab al-ʿilm
192:) that complete synonymity (
85:The preface to al-ʿAskarī's
66:(d. 385/995); he criticised
51:indicates that he came from
541:, 22.1 (Feb., 1975), 61-70.
55:in the Persian province of
838:
597:Shiʿr Abī Hilāl al-ʿAskarī
29:Kitāb al-ṣināʽatayn
680:, 2 (1980 CE), 97–163 ).
500:"Al-ʿAskarī, Abū Hilāl"
116:('totally excellent').
676:Ed. by George Kanazi,
513:Encyclopaedia of Islam
419:Encyclopaedia Islamica
218:Nūr al-Dīn al-Jazāʾirī
178:al-Furūq al-lughawiyya
154:
802:11th-century scholars
797:10th-century scholars
210:al-Lumaʿ min al-Furūq
125:
119:In the assessment of
33:Dīwān al-maʽāni
436:(Beirut, 1401/1981).
108:('very useful') and
47:Abū Hilāl's epithet
287:figures and twelve
276:Ibn Ḥijja al-Ḥamawī
174:al-Furūq fī l-lugha
64:al-Ṣāḥib ibn ʿAbbād
636:Carl Brockelmann,
503:. In Fleet, Kate;
387:Jamharat al-amthāl
272:al-Mathal al-sāʾir
262:(originally named
212:. Under the title
121:Beatrice Gruendler
114:fī ghāyat al-jawda
72:Jamharat al-amthāl
37:Jamharat al-amthāl
739:978-2-7247-0554-6
646:978-90-04-33462-5
317:Qudāma ibn Ja'far
829:
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560:
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551:
548:
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533:George Kanazi, '
531:
525:
524:
502:
494:
289:maḥāsin al-kalām
280:Khizānat al-adab
837:
836:
832:
831:
830:
828:
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772:
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655:Dīwān al-maʿānī
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620:Dīwān al-maʿānī
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509:Rowson, Everett
496:
495:
462:
457:
443:(Leiden, 1989).
439:George Kanazi,
432:Badawī Ṭabāna,
414:
412:Further reading
373:
339:Dīwān al-maʿānī
264:Ṣanʿat al-kalām
249:
222:Furūq al-lughāt
164:
159:
45:
12:
11:
5:
835:
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505:Krämer, Gudrun
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357:
351:
348:Arabic riddles
336:
321:Ibn al-Muʿtazz
293:ʿIyār al-shiʿr
248:
245:
244:
243:
225:
171:
163:
160:
158:
155:
100:('good'), his
44:
41:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
834:
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329:Ibn Ṭabāṭabāʾ
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297:Ibn Ṭabāṭabāʾ
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102:al-Ṣināʿatayn
99:
95:
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83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
60:
58:
54:
53:ʿAskar Mukram
50:
42:
40:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
732:. Le Caire.
728:
721:
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694:
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279:
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268:Ibn al-Athīr
263:
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254:
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237:
231:
227:
221:
213:
209:
205:mutakallimūn
203:
197:
193:
177:
173:
167:
162:Lexicography
149:
145:
140:
136:
132:
128:
126:
118:
113:
109:
106:mufīd jiddan
105:
101:
97:
93:
91:
86:
84:
75:
71:
68:al-Mutanabbī
61:
48:
46:
36:
32:
28:
20:
16:
15:
325:Ibn Qutayba
239:muḥaddithūn
776:Categories
455:References
371:Literature
333:al-Rummānī
190:al-Rummānī
148:and their
49:al-ʿAskarī
35:, and the
756:cite book
748:731682619
521:1873-9830
377:al-Awāʿil
186:al-Aṣmaʿī
80:Al-Suyūṭī
76:al-Awāʾil
57:Khūzistān
511:(eds.).
362:(a.k.a.
313:al-Jāḥiẓ
182:Sībawayh
176:(a.k.a.
539:Arabica
309:ittibāʿ
233:fuqahāʾ
199:fuqahāʾ
194:tarāduf
25:Persian
21:al-adīb
746:
736:
644:
519:
343:maʿānī
331:, and
301:sariqa
247:Poetry
188:, and
141:majāli
137:udabāʾ
305:akhdh
285:badīʾ
157:Works
150:wazīr
146:amīrs
133:ʿāmmī
129:ʿulwī
110:badīʿ
98:ḥasan
94:Furūq
762:link
744:OCLC
734:ISBN
678:JSAI
642:ISBN
587:CE).
517:ISSN
381:adab
319:and
236:and
202:and
43:Life
537:',
423:doi
295:of
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