254:, can survive freezing temperatures if the temperature gradually drops lower and lower each night over a period of days or weeks. The same drop might kill them if it occurred suddenly. Studies have shown that tomato plants that were acclimated to higher temperature over several days were more efficient at photosynthesis at relatively high temperatures than were plants that were not allowed to acclimate.
214:). One of the major objections to the beneficial acclimation hypothesis is that it assumes that there are no costs associated with acclimation. However, there are likely to be costs associated with acclimation. These include the cost of sensing the environmental conditions and regulating responses, producing structures required for plasticity (such as the energetic costs in expressing
285:
228:
or the ability of an organism to change certain traits. Recent research in the study of acclimation capacity has focused more heavily on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity rather than acclimation responses. Scientists believe that when they understand more about how organisms evolved the capacity
202:
While the capacity for acclimatization has been documented in thousands of species, researchers still know very little about how and why organisms acclimate in the way that they do. Since researchers first began to study acclimation, the overwhelming hypothesis has been that all acclimation serves to
99:
in favor of a lighter summer coat. Organisms can adjust their morphological, behavioral, physical, and/or biochemical traits in response to changes in their environment. While the capacity to acclimate to novel environments has been well documented in thousands of species, researchers still know very
193:
in order to maintain performance in novel environments. For example, birds often increase their organ size to increase their metabolism. This can take the form of an increase in the mass of nutritional organs or heat-producing organs, like the pectorals (with the latter being more consistent across
389:
continues for months or even years after initial ascent, and ultimately enables humans to survive in an environment that, without acclimatization, would kill them. Humans who migrate permanently to a higher altitude naturally acclimatize to their new environment by developing an increase in the
180:
and refolding of proteins. It has been shown that organisms which are acclimated to high or low temperatures display relatively high resting levels of heat shock proteins so that when they are exposed to even more extreme temperatures the proteins are readily available. Expression of heat shock
357:
until this process is complete. Lowe & Vance (1995) were able to show that lizards acclimated to warm temperatures could maintain a higher running speed at warmer temperatures than lizards that were not acclimated to warm conditions. Fruit flies that develop at relatively cooler or warmer
861:
Ali, Mohammad Babar; Khatun, Serida; Hahn, Eun-Joo; Paek, Kee-Yoeup (September 29, 2006). "Enhancement of phenylpropanoid enzymes and lignin in
Phalaenopsis orchid and their influence on plant acclimatisation at different levels of photosynthetic photon flux".
817:
Camejo, Daymi; MartĂ, MarĂa del C.; Nicolás, Emilio; AlarcĂłn, Juan J.; JimĂ©nez, Ana; Sevilla, Francisca (2007). "Response of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) during thermo-acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus".
155:
In order to maintain performance across a range of environmental conditions, there are several strategies organisms use to acclimate. In response to changes in temperature, organisms can change the biochemistry of
42:
544:
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79:
across a range of environmental conditions. Acclimatization occurs in a short period of time (hours to weeks), and within the organism's lifetime (compared to
221:
Given the shortcomings of the beneficial acclimation hypothesis, researchers are continuing to search for a theory that will be supported by empirical data.
207:. Despite such widespread support for the beneficial acclimation hypothesis, not all studies show that acclimation always serves to enhance performance (
687:
Liknes, Eric T.; Swanson, David L. (2011). "Phenotypic flexibility of body composition associated with seasonal acclimatization in passerine birds".
383:
content of sweat and urine decreases as people acclimatize to hot conditions. Plasma volume, heart rate, and capillary activation are also affected.
722:
McKechnie, Andrew E. (2008). "Phenotypic flexibility in basal metabolic rate and the changing view of avian physiological diversity: a review".
1015:
374:
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proteins and regulation of membrane fluidity are just two of many biochemical methods organisms use to acclimate to novel environments.
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968:"Reversibility of developmental heat and cold plasticity is asymmetric and has long-lasting consequences for adult thermal tolerance"
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DeWitt, Thomas J.; Sih, Andrew; Wilson, David Sloan (February 1, 1998). "Costs and limits of phenotypic plasticity".
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Slotsbo, Stine; Schou, Mads F.; Kristensen, Torsten N.; Loeschcke, Volker; Sørensen, Jesper G. (September 1, 2016).
772:
Angilletta, M.J. (2009). Thermal
Adaptation: A Theoretical and Empirical Synthesis. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
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83:, which is evolution, taking place over many generations). This may be a discrete occurrence (for example, when
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making them more fluid in cold temperatures and less fluid in warm temperatures by increasing the number of
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652:
Los D.A., Murata N. (2004). "Membrane fluidity and its roles in the perception of environmental signals".
476:
354:
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US Army
Research Inst. Of Environmental Medicine Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division Technical Report
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225:
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460:(2009) “Acclimatisation” (n.d.) The Unabridged Hutchinson Encyclopedia Retrieved November 5, 2009 from
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are able to adjust only gradually to changes in water temperature and quality. Tropical fish sold at
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Lowe C.H., Vance V.J. (1955). "Acclimation of the critical thermal maximum of the reptile
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218:), and genetic costs (such as linkage of plasticity-related genes with harmful genes).
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over hours or days) or may instead represent part of a periodic cycle, such as a
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enhance the performance of the organism. This idea has come to be known as the
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temperatures have increased cold or heat tolerance as adults, respectively (
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are enhanced in the process of plant acclimatisation at different levels of
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The degree to which organisms are able to acclimate is dictated by their
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Organisms are able to change several characteristics relating to their
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251:
164:. In response to certain stressors, some organisms express so-called
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136:, both in general vocabulary and in medical vocabulary. The synonym
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little about how and why organisms acclimate the way that they do.
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1080:(USARIEM–TN–04–05). Archived from the original on April 23, 2009
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is less commonly encountered, and fewer dictionaries enter it.
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870:(2–3). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 137–146.
1117:. Apex (Altitude Physiology EXpeditions). Archived from
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The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
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to acclimate, they will better understand acclimation.
67:(such as a change in altitude, temperature, humidity,
305:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
471:
469:
654:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
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462:http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/acclimatization
402:, in order to compensate for lower levels of
8:
581:, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, archived from
627:
625:
604:
602:
600:
1072:Muza, SR; Fulco, CS; Cymerman, A (2004).
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485:, Oxford University Press, archived from
325:Learn how and when to remove this message
615:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
301:Relevant discussion may be found on the
59:) is the process in which an individual
546:Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
509:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
453:
1091:
570:
568:
535:
533:
531:
27:Biological adjustment to new climates
7:
1113:Kenneth Baillie; Alistair Simpson.
724:Journal of Comparative Physiology B
375:Cold and heat adaptations in humans
337:Animals acclimatize in many ways.
25:
784:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
549:, Merriam-Webster, archived from
512:, Merriam-Webster, archived from
422:Beneficial acclimation hypothesis
211:beneficial acclimation hypothesis
205:beneficial acclimation hypothesis
1074:"Altitude Acclimatization Guide"
832:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.00953.x
387:Acclimatization to high altitude
283:
972:Journal of Experimental Biology
701:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.06.010
1:
796:10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01274-3
120:(and the corresponding verbs
1115:"Altitude oxygen calculator"
1016:"Heat acclimatization guide"
666:10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.08.002
638:Stedman's Medical Dictionary
1131:- Altitude physiology model
945:10.1126/science.122.3158.73
575:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
75:), allowing it to maintain
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689:Journal of Thermal Biology
482:Oxford Dictionaries Online
372:
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29:
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1021:. US Army. Archived from
876:10.1007/s10725-006-9003-z
736:10.1007/s00360-007-0218-8
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363:Developmental plasticity
345:in cold, damp climates.
30:Not to be confused with
906:"Acclimating Your Fish"
864:Plant Growth Regulation
417:Acclimatisation society
265:phenylpropanoid enzymes
1048:"Heat Acclimatization"
95:shedding heavy winter
826:(3). Wiley: 367–377.
820:Physiologia Plantarum
585:on September 25, 2015
437:Phenotypic plasticity
242:Many plants, such as
226:phenotypic plasticity
1152:Ecological processes
355:acclimatization bags
294:factual accuracy is
170:molecular chaperones
1162:Biology terminology
937:1955Sci...122...73L
516:on October 10, 2020
477:Oxford Dictionaries
216:heat shock proteins
166:heat shock proteins
985:10.1242/jeb.143750
432:Introduced species
353:are often kept in
978:(17): 2726–2732.
921:Urosaurus ornatus
641:, Wolters Kluwer.
335:
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162:membrane proteins
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1057:December 3,
618:, Elsevier.
589:January 31,
557:January 31,
520:January 31,
315:August 2011
244:maple trees
172:and reduce
151:Biochemical
139:acclimation
123:acclimatize
117:acclimation
69:photoperiod
53:acclimation
50:also called
32:Acclamation
1147:Physiology
1141:Categories
1125:August 10,
449:References
442:Wind chill
427:Heat index
390:number of
373:See also:
351:pet stores
198:The theory
194:species).
191:morphology
134:synonymous
108:The nouns
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884:0167-6903
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303:talk page
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296:disputed
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233:Examples
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104:Names
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