320:, as well as others within the genus, are used in many traditional medicinal treatments. The chloroform extracts found in the plant are used to treat numerous ailments such as hydrophobia, rabies, fevers, diarrhea, and cancer. In Chinese medicinal practices, the methanol extracts found in the leaves and fruits are used to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. This species can also be toxic to humans, as it produces toxins that cause nephrotoxic effects, causing damage to the kidneys.
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is classified as an invasive weed of many crops. This plant negatively impacts crops such as: cotton, maize, sunflowers, tomatoes, soybeans, sugarcane, and other annual or perennial crops. It decreases the health of the ecosystem it takes over and threatens the loss of the native species that inhabit
278:
The leaves are irregularly lobed or lance-shaped lobed, the middle is much longer than the others, and have white veins down the center. They are arranged spirally or alternately along the stem. Each is up to 10 or 12 centimeters long and are dark green or grayish on top, pale green or whitish
289:
that are monoecious and form greenish axillary or solitary inflorescence clusters. The male flowers are bulbous and found in dense clusters at the tips of stems near the topmost leaves. Female flowers are found at the leaf forks on lower leaves and develop into burs. The
239:
that grows in many types of disturbed habitats such as pastures, crops, waterways, grasslands, flood plains, waste areas, and sometimes tropical and arid environments. Its original native range is not known but it may have come from
270:
is an upright, highly branched, dichotomous, annual herb producing a slender stem up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) tall or slightly taller. It is lined at intervals with very long, sharp, yellowish, three pronged
294:
are one or 1.5 centimeters long and covered in small hook-like spines. Each bur has two seeds inside it that are flattened and have a thick coat. The spiny burs are easily
332:
the area as well as lowers the biodiversity. It also threatens the health and well being of the animals that inhabit the areas where it is found. If livestock ingests
248:. The plant is found in various regions across the world including Canada, the US, Central America, parts of Africa and the Middle East, China, Russia and Australia.
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Romero, M.; Zanuy, M.; Rosell, E.; Cascante, M.; Piulats, J.; Font-Bardia, M.; Balzarini, J.; De Clerq, E.; Pujol, M.D. (January 2015).
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flowers between summer and late fall, typically from July to
October in the northern hemisphere. The plant produces male and female
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582:"Optimization of xanthatin extraction from Xanthium spinosum L. and its cytotoxic, anti-angiogenesis and antiviral properties"
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that encompasses 25 different species of flowering plants of the daisy family, Asteraceae, and sunflower tribe.
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which may exceed three centimeters in length. These spines are typically found at the base of each leaf fork.
533:"Fuels planning: science synthesis and integration; environmental consequences fact sheet 07: fire and weeds"
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plant with lobed leaves and white stripe down the middle
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668:University of California, Calphotos Photo gallery
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472:Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board
279:underneath and are covered in downy hairs.
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425:Amin, Surriya; Khan, Haroon (2016-05-04).
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395:"ITIS – Report: Acanthoxanthium spinosum"
207:) is a species of flowering plant in the
586:European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
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344:. This plant is also toxic to humans.
211:known by many common names, including
324:Agricultural & ecological effects
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223:. This species is part of the genus
375:. Department of Primary Industries
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658:Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk
443:10.2174/1573407212666160314195845
1213:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:260892-1
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55:
1:
598:10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.060
1346:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
645:Jepson Manual Treatment of
431:Current Bioactive Compounds
235:It is known worldwide as a
1362:
531:Sutherland, Steve (2004).
27:Species of flowering plant
1336:Flora of Southern America
179:
172:
52:Scientific classification
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41:
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1341:Plants described in 1753
205:Acanthoxanthium spinosum
18:Acanthoxanthium spinosum
672:invasive plant species
662:invasive plant species
652:invasive plant species
558:Cite journal requires
477:July 24, 2011, at the
456:Flora of North America
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264:
542:10.2737/rmrs-rn-23-v7
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641:at Wikimedia Commons
535:. Ft. Collins, CO.
502:"Xanthium spinosum"
355:reduces its value.
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1164:Xanthium spinosum
1146:Open Tree of Life
1089:Xanthium~spinosum
890:Xanthium spinosum
812:Xanthium_spinosum
722:Xanthium spinosum
692:Xanthium spinosum
684:Taxon identifiers
647:Xanthium spinosum
639:Xanthium spinosum
637:Media related to
334:Xanthium spinosum
329:Xanthium spinosum
318:Xanthium spinosum
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268:Xanthium spinosum
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183:Xanthium spinosum
36:Xanthium spinosum
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203:(also known as
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551:cite journal
509:. Retrieved
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399:www.itis.gov
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287:flower heads
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237:noxious weed
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231:Distribution
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209:aster family
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1045:NatureServe
960:iNaturalist
716:Wikispecies
592:: 491–496.
252:Description
95:Angiosperms
1325:Categories
1269:WisFlora:
1187:gcc-131365
1182:Plant List
783:Calflora:
404:2021-12-27
359:References
141:Asteraceae
903:242417494
877:242417494
859:FloraBase
511:April 28,
342:livestock
296:dispersed
159:Species:
131:Asterales
65:Kingdom:
1331:Xanthium
1257:VicFlora
1246:VASCAN:
1234:Tropicos
1084:NSWFlora
1050:2.149641
1001:10208621
988:260892-1
807:eFloraSA
773:BioLib:
766:286-29-1
701:Wikidata
616:25481815
475:Archived
379:22 April
260:Burs of
225:Xanthium
152:Xanthium
137:Family:
121:Asterids
108:Eudicots
1308:1111300
1239:2703486
1097:NTFlora
1076:1053410
926:3089150
707:Q643890
607:7115430
147:Genus:
127:Order:
69:Plantae
1226:3215-3
1195:PLANTS
1151:120844
1109:NZOR:
913:XANSPI
910:FoIO:
851:161345
825:483030
763:APSA:
743:101351
740:APDB:
614:
604:
273:spines
1303:WoRMS
1279:WoI:
1221:SANBI
1200:XASP2
1171:PFI:
1120:NZPCN
1027:38691
1014:56863
996:IRMNG
972:IPA:
965:58045
952:42071
885:FoAO2
846:EUNIS
838:XANSP
799:5C4YT
776:41364
756:96151
730:APA:
349:sheep
338:toxic
246:Chile
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
1272:9267
1249:3652
1208:POWO
1174:5575
1159:PfaF
1138:7667
1125:2651
1071:NCBI
1022:ITIS
983:IPNI
975:6621
947:GRIN
939:1347
934:GISD
921:GBIF
864:8287
833:EPPO
786:8366
751:APNI
733:1061
612:PMID
564:help
513:2020
506:CABI
381:2012
353:wool
313:Uses
292:burs
219:and
1290:WFO
1282:945
1102:747
1058:NBN
1037:517
1009:ISC
898:FoC
872:FNA
820:EoL
794:CoL
602:PMC
594:doi
537:doi
439:doi
351:'s
340:to
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549:{{
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
