760:
196:
During Achila's brief reign, Arab raids began to plague the south of
Hispania, where Roderic ruled. Roderic tried to defeat them but was killed in the attempt. Some supporters of Achila may have deserted Roderic on his final campaign. Because of the oppressive policy of his predecessors towards the
201:
and the large Jewish population of
Narbonensis and because of what he stood to gain should Roderic be removed, military historian Bernard Bachrach has written that "here is a temptation to conclude that the Muslims, King Achila, and the Jews all joined together, at least temporarily, to overthrow
192:
record Achila's reign of three years following immediately upon
Wittiza's. It has even been suggested by some scholars that Achila was in fact Wittiza's son and successor and that Roderic had tried to usurp the throne from him, even that he had been a co-ruler with Wittiza since 708. Any son of
229:
allies began the conquest of the Ebro valley, taking
Zaragoza. These events coincide with the end of Achila's three-year reign and may have accounted for his death in battle with the invaders. The nature of the discovery of a smattering of coins at
152:
There are more coins surviving from Achila's kingdom than
Roderic's, but the findings do not overlap in territory and it is suspected that the kingdom had been divided between two factions, with the southwest (the provinces of
144:
during the same years as Achila, it is almost doubtless that the two were kings in opposition to each other following
Roderic's coup, which may have resulted either in or from the death of the previous king,
120:
Achila's reign is known solely from coins and regnal lists and is not mentioned by reliable narrative histories. Gold coins of Achila's have been found bearing the inscriptions of the mints of
551:
784:
305:, 251, believed that Achila succeeded Roderic after his defeat and death, when only the northeast of the kingdom remained under Visigothic control.
181:
fell. Roderic and Achila never appear to have come into military conflict; this is probably best explained by the preoccupation of
Roderic with
113:
from 710 or 711 until his death. The kingdom he ruled was restricted to the northeast of the old
Hispanic kingdom on account of the
434:
193:
Wittiza would have been a child in 711. Achila's reign probably began shortly after
Roderic's and lasted until 713 or 714.
463:
114:
245:, who only reigned in Narbonensis north of the Pyrenees and probably died in the Arab invasion of that region in 721.
544:
213:
or between his death and the Arab capture of Toledo. Whatever the case, almost all of
Hispania save Gallaecia, the
209:
was declared king at Toledo by rivals of both Roderic and Achila, either before Roderic's defeat and death at the
537:
210:
477:
779:
563:
78:
27:
231:
225:
had fallen to the Arabs within a couple years of Roderic's death. In 713 the Arabs and their
429:
158:
759:
458:
773:
441:
226:
166:
162:
719:
709:
604:
714:
684:
634:
594:
170:
137:
408:
406:
659:
644:
599:
654:
614:
560:
504:
174:
154:
129:
173:) falling under the rule of Achila. It is unknown to whom the provinces of
238:
shows that El Bovalar probably fell and was razed by the invaders in 714.
699:
694:
689:
674:
669:
664:
624:
574:
214:
133:
125:
110:
106:
739:
734:
679:
649:
639:
629:
619:
584:
579:
513:
497:
218:
178:
146:
141:
49:
45:
589:
235:
121:
529:
729:
724:
704:
609:
288:, 251, two types of coin have been found from the Narbonnese mint.
182:
749:
521:
242:
222:
206:
198:
59:
533:
165:) following (or being subjected to) Roderic and the northeast (
432:"A Reassessment of Visigothic Jewish Policy, 589–711."
470:
Shaw, Dykes. "The Fall of the Visigothic Power in Spain."
326:
324:
185:raids and not to a formal division of the kingdom.
69:
65:
55:
41:
33:
26:
21:
474:, Vol. 21, No. 82. (Apr., 1906), pp 209–228.
467:, Vol. 2, No. 6. (Apr., 1887), pp 209–234.
140:, and the regnal lists all confirm the reign of
438:, Vol. 78, No. 1. (Feb., 1973), pp 11–34.
545:
8:
552:
538:
530:
486:
205:It is possible that an ecclesiastic named
18:
446:The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710–97
273:
254:
136:. Because the narrative sources, the
7:
14:
16:8th-century king of the Visigoths
758:
483:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.
448:. Oxford University Press, 1989.
785:8th-century Visigothic monarchs
453:Visigothic Spain, 409–711
387:Bachrach, "A Reassessment", 33.
378:Bachrach, "A Reassessment", 32.
435:The American Historical Review
284:, 131. According to Thompson,
1:
472:The English Historical Review
464:The English Historical Review
455:. Blackwell Publishing, 2004.
73:
190:Chronicon Regum Visigothorum
801:
756:
570:
518:
502:
494:
489:
188:Two continuations of the
241:Achila was succeeded by
221:, and the valley of the
211:Battle of the Guadalete
461:. "Visigothic Spain."
261:In Spanish, sometimes
115:Arabo-Berber invasions
505:King of the Visigoths
217:, the country of the
28:King of the Visigoths
430:Bachrach, Bernard S.
301:, 138–39. Thompson,
161:around the capital
481:The Goths in Spain
79:Visigothic Kingdom
767:
766:
528:
527:
519:Succeeded by
516:
512:in opposition to
84:
83:
792:
762:
554:
547:
540:
531:
511:
495:Preceded by
487:
451:Collins, Roger.
417:
410:
401:
394:
388:
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379:
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370:
363:
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356:Bachrach, 31–32.
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278:
266:
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75:
19:
800:
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770:
769:
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754:
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478:Thompson, E. A.
459:Hodgkin, Thomas
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159:Carthaginiensis
77:
17:
12:
11:
5:
798:
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490:Regnal titles
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456:
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442:Collins, Roger
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336:
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89:(also spelled
82:
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71:
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43:
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35:
31:
30:
24:
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15:
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10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
797:
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761:
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738:
736:
733:
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723:
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167:Tarraconensis
164:
160:
156:
150:
148:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
116:
112:
108:
105:714) was the
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
80:
72:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
37:710/711 – 714
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
744:
710:Chindasuinth
605:Theodoric II
503:
480:
471:
462:
452:
445:
433:
413:
397:
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383:
374:
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361:
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240:
204:
195:
189:
187:
157:and western
151:
119:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:
715:Recceswinth
685:Reccared II
635:Theudigisel
595:Theodoric I
171:Narbonensis
138:numismatics
42:Predecessor
780:714 deaths
774:Categories
660:Reccared I
645:Athanagild
600:Thorismund
561:Visigothic
414:Visigothic
398:Visigothic
367:Visigothic
345:Visigothic
332:Visigothic
316:Visigothic
299:Visigothic
282:Visigothic
232:El Bovalar
202:Roderic."
107:Visigothic
655:Liuvigild
615:Alaric II
412:Collins,
396:Collins,
365:Collins,
343:Collins,
330:Collins,
314:Collins,
303:The Goths
297:Collins,
286:The Goths
280:Collins,
175:Gallaecia
155:Lusitania
130:Tarragona
87:Achila II
56:Successor
22:Achila II
745:Agila II
700:Chintila
695:Sisenand
690:Suintila
675:Gundemar
670:Witteric
665:Liuva II
625:Amalaric
575:Alaric I
215:Asturias
134:Narbonne
126:Zaragoza
111:Hispania
109:king of
740:Roderic
735:Wittiza
680:Sisebut
650:Liuva I
640:Agila I
630:Theudis
620:Gesalec
585:Sigeric
580:Athaulf
514:Roderic
509:711–714
498:Wittiza
424:Sources
219:Basques
179:Baetica
147:Wittiza
142:Roderic
101:; died
50:Roderic
46:Wittiza
590:Wallia
416:, 212.
400:, 140.
369:, 137.
347:, 132.
334:, 139.
318:, 131.
236:Lleida
227:Berber
163:Toledo
132:, and
122:Girona
99:Akhila
95:Aquila
730:Egica
725:Erwig
720:Wamba
705:Tulga
610:Euric
564:kings
263:Ágila
249:Notes
234:near
97:, or
91:Agila
34:Reign
750:Ardo
522:Ardo
243:Ardo
223:Ebro
207:Oppa
199:Jews
183:Arab
177:and
169:and
70:Died
60:Ardo
76:714
776::
444:.
405:^
323:^
149:.
128:,
124:,
117:.
103:c.
93:,
74:c.
553:e
546:t
539:v
265:.
48:/
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