32:
318:
as the primary treatment for most acid-peptic disorders; however, they continue to play a role because they are inexpensive, widely available, and safe in the majority of populations. Antacids work almost instantly and are useful for quick relief of mild or sporadic symptoms. Antacids primarily
366:(H2RAs). All of them have an effect on the H2 receptor. The H2RAs are reversible structural analogs of histamine that cause a reduction in the receptor's tonic activation rate, acting as inverse agonists with functional antagonism of histamine activity.
231:
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is one of the upper gastrointestinal chronic diseases in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications. Symptoms include dental corrosion,
984:
346:. In 1972, functional antagonists to the H2 receptor emerged. This class of agents has since revolutionized the treatment of PUD, and its priority in the treatment of acid-related diseases has only been surpassed by the development of PPIs.
286:
level when antisecretory medications are stopped. If the gastrin level is high, the acidity of the stomach is measured using pH or gastric analysis. The secretin stimulation test may be useful in suspected cases of ZES with mild
823:
Parker, Melinda (June 2010). "Book Review: Krause's Food and
Nutrition TherapyMahanLKEscott-StumpS. Krause's Food and Nutrition Therapy. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; (2007). 1376 pp, $ $ 149.95. ISBN: 978-1-4160-3401-8".
751:
244:, regurgitation, non-cardiac chest pain, extraesophageal symptoms such as chronic cough, hoarseness, reflux-induced laryngitis, or asthma. In the long term, and when not treated, complications such as
643:
189:. An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer, while one in the first part of the intestines is a duodenal ulcer. The most common symptoms of a duodenal ulcer are waking at night with
757:
651:
82:
The pharmacologic treatment of acid peptic disorders centers on redressing this imbalance by either improving mucosal defenses with drugs like
193:, and upper abdominal pain that improves with eating. With a gastric ulcer, the pain may worsen with eating. The pain is often described as a
746:
139:
684:
408:
226:
64:
413:
265:
147:
60:
781:"American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease"
274:, which is a gastrin-producing tumor that causes gastric acid hypersecretion. The main clinical manifestations of ZES are
118:, barrier disruption, or gastric acid hypersecretion. Acid peptic diseases can arise due to various risk factors such as
210:
31:
497:"Pathogenesis and treatment of acid peptic disorders: comparison of proton pump inhibitors with other antiulcer agents"
1015:
214:
370:
are the most effective gastric acid secretion inhibitors. Orally available PPIs include five commonly used PPIs (
206:
700:
Milosavljevic T, Kostić-Milosavljević M, Jovanović I, Krstić M (2011). "Complications of peptic ulcer disease".
917:
363:
311:
253:
151:
99:
91:
67:, are caused by distinct but overlapping pathogenic mechanisms involving acid effects on mucosal defense.
496:
550:
367:
292:
103:
403:
275:
249:
172:
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343:
339:
119:
725:
331:
202:
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379:
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359:
355:
351:
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16:
Overview of the acid peptic diseases of the stomach and gastrointestinal tract
941:
887:
845:
837:
574:
520:
463:
237:
233:
205:. About a third of older people have no symptoms. Complications may include
194:
186:
115:
895:
806:
721:
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582:
481:
976:
528:
324:
279:
198:
857:
855:
315:
283:
143:
131:
127:
95:
87:
862:
Hung, Patrick D.; Schubert, Mitchell L.; Mihas, Anastasios A. (2003).
713:
988:
454:
327:
76:
114:
Mucosal disruption in acid peptic disease patients can be caused by
295:
taken orally. If parenteral therapy is required, an intermittent
79:
tissue injury, leading to the development of pulmonary symptoms.
752:
National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
648:
National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
431:
429:
282:. The initial diagnostic test for ZES is a fasting serum
438:"Acid peptic diseases: pharmacological approach to treatment"
918:"Zollinger—Ellison Syndrome: Natural History and Diagnosis"
874:(2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 163–170.
319:
affect the stomach by partially neutralizing gastric
966:
970:
177:Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a break in the inner
38:
24:
779:Kahrilas PJ, Shaheen NJ, Vaezi MF (October 2008).
608:Najm WI (September 2011). "Peptic ulcer disease".
549:Kempenich, Jason W.; Sirinek, Kenneth R. (2018).
270:Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is caused by a
644:"Definition and Facts for Peptic Ulcer Disease"
868:Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology
217:.Bleeding occurs in as many as 15% of cases.
8:
967:
330:. Antacids that are commonly used contain
291:. ZES is initially treated with high-dose
30:
21:
916:BONFILS, SERGE; BERNADES, PIERRE (1974).
796:
741:
739:
679:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 526.
471:
453:
747:"Acid Reflux (GER & GERD) in Adults"
603:
601:
599:
303:and antisecretory surgery are uncommon.
425:
442:Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology
818:
816:
760:from the original on 22 February 2020
436:Mejia, Alex; Kraft, Walter K (2009).
197:or dull ache. Other symptoms include
7:
98:, or decreasing acid secretion with
140:nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
448:(3). Informa UK Limited: 295–314.
299:bolus injection is advised. Total
14:
555:Surgical Clinics of North America
362:are the four most commonly used
100:histamine 2 receptor antagonists
409:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
314:and PPIs have largely replaced
227:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
221:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
65:gastroesophageal reflux disease
826:Nutrition in Clinical Practice
1:
934:10.1016/s0300-5089(21)00074-2
513:10.1016/s0149-2918(96)80175-5
120:Helicobacter pylori infection
864:"Zollinger-Ellison syndrome"
798:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.08.044
390:) and the recently approved
201:, vomiting, weight loss, or
928:(3). Elsevier BV: 539–557.
922:Clinics in Gastroenterology
791:(4): 1392–1413, 1413.e1–5.
561:(5). Elsevier BV: 933–944.
1032:
676:Clinical Manual of Surgery
414:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
266:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
263:
260:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
224:
170:
148:Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
61:Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
880:10.1007/s11938-003-0017-6
622:10.1016/j.pop.2011.05.001
567:10.1016/j.suc.2018.06.003
185:, or sometimes the lower
94:, neutralizing acid with
29:
838:10.1177/0884533610362901
507:(1). Elsevier BV: 2–34.
181:, the first part of the
673:Rao, S. Devaji (2014).
364:H2-receptor antagonists
312:Histamine 2 antagonists
215:blockage of the stomach
368:Proton pump inhibitors
293:proton pump inhibitors
152:angiogenesis inhibitor
104:proton pump inhibitors
551:"Acid Peptic Disease"
501:Clinical Therapeutics
179:lining of the stomach
154:-treated cancer, and
92:prostaglandin analogs
404:Peptic ulcer disease
250:esophageal stricture
191:upper abdominal pain
173:Peptic ulcer disease
167:Peptic ulcer disease
53:Acid peptic diseases
25:Acid peptic diseases
756:. 5 November 2015.
495:Sanders, S (1996).
340:magnesium hydroxide
323:and inhibiting the
254:Barrett's esophagus
102:or, more recently,
75:and may also cause
702:Digestive Diseases
616:(3): 383–94, vii.
344:aluminum hydroxide
332:sodium bicarbonate
325:proteolytic enzyme
1016:Stomach disorders
1003:
1002:
714:10.1159/000331517
336:calcium carbonate
321:hydrochloric acid
156:bariatric surgery
73:esophageal mucosa
50:
49:
19:Medical condition
1023:
968:
953:
952:
950:
948:
913:
907:
906:
904:
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859:
850:
849:
820:
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785:Gastroenterology
776:
770:
769:
767:
765:
743:
734:
733:
697:
691:
690:
670:
664:
663:
661:
659:
650:. Archived from
640:
634:
633:
605:
594:
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591:
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546:
540:
539:
537:
535:
492:
486:
485:
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457:
455:10.1586/ecp.09.8
433:
289:hypergastrinemia
45:Gastroenterology
34:
22:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
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1006:
1005:
1004:
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979:
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861:
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778:
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763:
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744:
737:
699:
698:
694:
687:
672:
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667:
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655:
654:on 2 April 2015
642:
641:
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548:
547:
543:
533:
531:
494:
493:
489:
435:
434:
427:
422:
400:
392:dexlansoprazole
309:
268:
262:
229:
223:
183:small intestine
175:
169:
164:
112:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1027:
1019:
1018:
1008:
1007:
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1000:
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996:
980:
975:
974:
972:
971:Classification
964:
963:External links
961:
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908:
851:
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771:
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541:
487:
424:
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418:
417:
416:
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399:
396:
308:
305:
264:Main article:
261:
258:
225:Main article:
222:
219:
171:Main article:
168:
165:
163:
160:
142:use (NSAIDs),
111:
108:
48:
47:
42:
36:
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26:
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13:
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9:
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935:
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923:
919:
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877:
873:
869:
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852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
819:
817:
813:
808:
804:
799:
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790:
786:
782:
775:
772:
759:
755:
753:
748:
742:
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736:
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686:9788131238714
682:
678:
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631:
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439:
432:
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401:
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329:
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277:
276:peptic ulcers
273:
267:
259:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
228:
220:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
203:poor appetite
200:
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149:
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57:peptic ulcers
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945:. Retrieved
925:
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762:. Retrieved
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708:(5): 491–3.
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656:. Retrieved
652:the original
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610:Primary Care
609:
586:. Retrieved
558:
554:
544:
532:. Retrieved
504:
500:
490:
445:
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384:pantoprazole
380:lansoprazole
376:esomeprazole
310:
297:pantoprazole
269:
230:
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71:damages the
52:
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947:November 6,
901:November 6,
764:21 February
658:28 February
588:November 6,
534:November 6,
388:rabeprazole
301:gastrectomy
256:may arise.
246:esophagitis
242:odynophagia
211:perforation
136:amphetamine
69:Acid reflux
832:(3): 314.
420:References
372:omeprazole
360:nizatidine
356:famotidine
352:ranitidine
348:Cimetidine
278: and
272:gastrinoma
124:alcoholism
84:sucralfate
55:, such as
942:0300-5089
888:1092-8472
846:0884-5336
575:0039-6109
521:0149-2918
464:1751-2433
307:Treatment
238:heartburn
234:dysphagia
187:esophagus
162:Diagnosis
116:infection
77:laryngeal
40:Specialty
1010:Category
896:12628075
807:18801365
758:Archived
730:25464311
722:22095016
630:21872087
583:30243454
482:21822447
398:See also
316:antacids
280:diarrhea
207:bleeding
199:belching
96:antacids
754:(NIDDK)
529:8851451
473:3149864
284:gastrin
195:burning
144:fasting
132:cocaine
128:tobacco
88:bismuth
994:DA41.2
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386:, and
358:, and
342:, and
328:pepsin
252:, and
213:, and
110:Causes
90:, and
63:, and
726:S2CID
138:use,
130:use,
949:2023
938:ISSN
903:2023
892:PMID
884:ISSN
842:ISSN
803:PMID
766:2020
718:PMID
681:ISBN
660:2015
626:PMID
590:2023
579:PMID
571:ISSN
536:2023
525:PMID
517:ISSN
478:PMID
460:ISSN
134:and
985:ICD
930:doi
876:doi
834:doi
793:doi
789:135
710:doi
618:doi
563:doi
509:doi
468:PMC
450:doi
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