3294:
3301:
376:
293:
135:
3307:
316:
161:
113:
3901:
4893:
4875:
1133:
359:
342:
4905:
614:
are known from Middle
Jurassic-Early Cretaceous freshwater deposits in Asia. The estimated time of the divergence between sturgeons and paddlefish varies. An estimate based on 30 protein-encoding nuclear markers suggest 204.1 million years ago, research on mitochondrial genomes suggest 155.2 million
1113:), indicating that the two species can breed with one another despite their lineages having been separated for hundreds of millions of years. This has marked the first successful hybridization between members of
1866:
Káldy, Jenő; Mozsár, Attila; Fazekas, Gyöngyvér; Farkas, Móni; Fazekas, Dorottya Lilla; Fazekas, Georgina Lea; Goda, Katalin; Gyöngy, Zsuzsanna; Kovács, Balázs; Semmens, Kenneth; Bercsényi, Miklós (July 2020).
578:" ancestor. Their closest relatives within the "palaeoniscoids" are uncertain and contested. The ancestors of Acipenseriformes are thought to have split from those of other living fish around the
1326:"Architecture, mineralization and development of the axial skeleton in Acipenseriformes, and occurrences of axial anomalies in rearing conditions; can current knowledge in teleost fish help?"
624:
from the Early
Cretaceous of China around 120 million years ago, while the earliest known sturgeons appear in the Late Cretaceous in North America and Asia, around 100-95 million years ago.
3293:
615:
years ago, and
Bayesian dating based on the combined matrix of molecular (mitogenomes) and morphological characters set the divergence to 162 (195–137) million years ago.
1537:
Egerton, 1858 (Acipenseriformes, †Chondrosteidae) from the lower Lias of Lyme Regis (Dorset, England), with comments on the early evolution of sturgeons and paddlefishes"
526:
bones of the skull present in other vertebrates have been lost. While larvae and early juvenile acipenseriforms have teeth, the adults are toothless, or nearly so. The
5222:
5101:
1071:
5140:
602:(252-247 million years ago) of China has been suggested by some authors to be the oldest acipenseriform. The oldest unambiguous members of the order are the
4605:
3802:
1956:
3342:
1082:
546:
is confined to the upper part of the first arch and to only the first and second hypobranchials. Members of
Acipenseriformes retain the ability to sense
4347:
5075:
2021:
5114:
2669:
1783:
1303:
667:
4174:
551:
1007:
1727:"A rare, articulated sturgeon (Chondrostei: Acipenseriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada"
4204:
1826:
885:
5179:
5217:
5212:
3858:
3795:
2748:
1035:
4909:
3335:
384:
5119:
160:
1282:
Bemis, William E.; Findeis, Eric K.; Grande, Lance (2002), Birstein, Vadim J.; Waldman, John R.; Bemis, William E. (eds.),
5127:
538:(joint), and also have a broad autopalatine plate, as well as a narrow palatoquadrate bridge, and a quadrate flange. The
3943:
3306:
3300:
2014:
4997:
3843:
1003:
1989:
5054:
4595:
4322:
4292:
4179:
3788:
1453:
Redmond, Anthony K.; Casey, Dearbhaile; Gundappa, Manu Kumar; Macqueen, Daniel J.; McLysaght, Aoife (2023-05-19).
5207:
5145:
5067:
4868:
4861:
4828:
4570:
4242:
3923:
3328:
2662:
558:. This ability was present in the last common ancestor of all living jawed fish, but was lost in the ancestor of
491:
1968:
1695:
4878:
4637:
919:
799:
583:
3900:
1680:, a well-preserved primitive paddlefish (Acipenseriformes: Polyodontidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of China"
1481:
4856:
4838:
4400:
4149:
2007:
590:, both before the split between sturgeons and paddlefish, and separately in both lineages after the split.
1193:
1081:
was last seen alive in 2003, and was considered to have gone extinct sometime between 2005 and 2010 by the
586:
event suggested to have occurred around 242–255 million years ago, with the genome subsequently undergoing
4927:
4818:
4642:
4627:
4450:
4169:
4058:
1415:
1937:
1924:
1505:
1249:
5166:
4848:
4833:
4342:
4159:
3571:
1455:"Independent rediploidization masks shared whole genome duplication in the sturgeon-paddlefish ancestor"
1067:
555:
458:
375:
292:
4965:
2559:
5002:
2584:
2539:
1675:
5023:
4974:
4843:
4139:
3628:
3262:
2655:
1945:
1726:
1030:
5184:
3228:
3218:
3188:
2967:
2609:
962:
951:
831:
610:(201-175 million years ago) of Europe, which already have reduced ossification of the skeleton. The
4632:
4575:
4375:
4262:
4051:
3736:
3690:
3436:
3255:
3158:
2569:
2554:
2292:
1941:
1928:
1106:
1021:
940:
929:
871:
142:
2840:
2574:
4214:
3760:
3657:
3639:
3427:
3178:
3085:
2932:
2872:
2862:
2509:
2434:
2388:
2239:
1754:
1707:
1615:
1564:
1396:
1230:
1078:
1059:
729:
539:
530:
is carried by a series of separate canals, rather than being within the circumorbital bones. The
527:
155:
2918:
2851:
1588:
Jin et al., (Chondrostei, Acipenseriformes, †Peipiaosteidae) from the Early
Cretaceous of China"
134:
5171:
3099:
3071:
2960:
1532:
751:
740:
330:
315:
5153:
5010:
4560:
4465:
4370:
4282:
4277:
4224:
4031:
3838:
3828:
3613:
3517:
3490:
3481:
3472:
3418:
2939:
2894:
2883:
2604:
2211:
2203:
1908:
1840:
1832:
1822:
1800:
1779:
1746:
1699:
1656:
1607:
1556:
1486:
1435:
1388:
1380:
1299:
1213:
Bemis, William E.; Findeis, Eric K.; Grande, Lance (1997). "An overview of
Acipenseriformes".
1171:
900:
575:
120:
582:
period (360-300 million years ago). The last common ancestor of
Acipenseriformes underwent a
5158:
5106:
4302:
4247:
4209:
4164:
4122:
4046:
3833:
3699:
3553:
3526:
3499:
3454:
2953:
2614:
2589:
2474:
2439:
2244:
2188:
2144:
1898:
1888:
1814:
1804:
1738:
1691:
1646:
1599:
1548:
1476:
1466:
1427:
1370:
1337:
1291:
1222:
1163:
1098:
1094:
476:
397:
1999:
112:
4519:
4499:
4327:
4314:
4297:
4252:
4134:
4073:
3997:
3992:
3928:
3915:
3885:
3681:
3562:
3000:
2624:
2564:
2524:
2464:
2421:
2300:
1848:
1431:
454:
4979:
3320:
518:, usually only found in fish embryos, is unconstricted and retained throughout life. The
5062:
5049:
4795:
4768:
4660:
4652:
4585:
4555:
4494:
4476:
4430:
4420:
4024:
3977:
3672:
3648:
3580:
3463:
3269:
3168:
3141:
3110:
3062:
3048:
3025:
3011:
2909:
2733:
2708:
2504:
2479:
2449:
2396:
2368:
2358:
2349:
2282:
2274:
2216:
2031:
1903:
1868:
1818:
1810:
1016:
820:
809:
718:
702:
662:
647:
620:
611:
607:
603:
599:
594:
587:
547:
531:
483:
479:
461:
341:
323:
307:
300:
260:
253:
245:
202:
5201:
4897:
4800:
4714:
4534:
4509:
4504:
4460:
4455:
4410:
4405:
4385:
4257:
4036:
3955:
3717:
3604:
3544:
3508:
3445:
3245:
3151:
2529:
2519:
2489:
2469:
2444:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2062:
1619:
1454:
1189:
989:
973:
914:
842:
794:
682:
579:
380:
363:
346:
279:
272:
70:
1994:
1758:
1725:
Sato, Hiroki; Murray, Alison M.; Vernygora, Oksana; Currie, Philip J. (2018-07-04).
1711:
1568:
1400:
1234:
358:
4790:
4614:
4529:
4489:
4390:
4332:
4272:
4199:
4194:
4184:
4100:
4090:
4019:
4002:
3909:
3870:
3863:
3383:
3131:
3092:
3078:
3034:
2594:
2549:
2534:
2514:
2499:
2429:
2373:
2363:
2338:
2333:
2234:
2068:
1283:
866:
773:
762:
677:
559:
495:
486:. They are the second earliest diverging group of living ray-finned fish after the
1742:
5132:
5088:
5015:
4959:
4773:
4761:
4687:
4445:
4440:
4415:
4395:
4337:
4232:
4127:
4105:
4095:
4068:
3938:
3890:
3389:
2808:
2786:
2760:
2717:
2678:
2619:
2579:
2544:
2459:
2454:
2406:
2315:
2178:
2170:
2126:
2107:
2097:
1635:"Modern Concepts on the Origin and Distribution of Acipenserids (Acipenseridae)"
1138:
212:
45:
1471:
4823:
4590:
4524:
4514:
4435:
4425:
4110:
4078:
4063:
4009:
3982:
3965:
3377:
3119:
2946:
2925:
2599:
2411:
2310:
2305:
2226:
2183:
2149:
2056:
1674:
Grande, Lance; Jin, Fan; Yabumoto, Yoshitaka; Bemis, William E. (2002-07-08).
1651:
1552:
1226:
1167:
1128:
1118:
1063:
855:
519:
469:
90:
55:
17:
4950:
1750:
1703:
1660:
1611:
1560:
1490:
1439:
1384:
5036:
4580:
4565:
4550:
4380:
4041:
3987:
3972:
3950:
3933:
3880:
3751:
3409:
3208:
3041:
2401:
2378:
2078:
1844:
1634:
1295:
984:
895:
691:
543:
535:
515:
499:
172:
95:
1912:
1773:
1392:
1175:
1893:
1852:
1154:
Venkatesh, B. (December 2003). "Evolution and diversity of fish genomes".
4989:
4944:
4783:
4724:
4670:
4665:
4484:
4352:
4014:
3960:
3875:
3727:
3399:
3371:
3199:
2829:
2702:
2494:
2484:
2325:
2136:
2050:
1583:
1198:
1114:
880:
638:
511:
465:
350:
227:
192:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
1801:"Interrelationships of Acipenseriformes, with Comments on 'Chondrostei'"
1603:
566:
like modern sturgeon (which have four) and paddlefish (which have two).
4756:
4751:
4729:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4237:
4189:
4083:
3853:
3848:
3535:
2264:
2160:
1290:, vol. 17, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 25–71,
1055:
563:
523:
473:
367:
100:
75:
1772:
Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016-02-22).
1416:"The Macroevolutionary History of Bony Fishes: A Paleontological View"
1375:
1358:
1342:
1325:
5093:
4675:
3365:
2696:
2086:
2044:
487:
182:
5080:
4921:
1933:
The
Sturgeons and Paddlefishes of the World: Biology and Aquaculture
514:, with the majority of the bones being replaced with cartilage. The
5041:
4778:
4707:
4117:
374:
357:
340:
314:
291:
1803:. In Stiassny, M.L.J.; Parenti, L.R. & Johnson, G.D. (eds.).
4680:
4622:
4267:
3820:
3811:
3595:
3235:
1836:
1359:"Electroreception, electrogenesis and electric signal evolution"
998:
335:
4925:
3784:
3324:
2689:
2651:
2003:
4719:
4287:
2647:
2193:
442:
5028:
436:
1696:
10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0209:PLAWPP]2.0.CO;2
424:
415:
1510:(Acipenseriformes, Actinopterygii) and its geological age"
1254:(Acipenseriformes, Actinopterygii) and its geological age"
606:, a group of large fish found in marine deposits from the
510:
430:
406:
400:
542:
is three-pointed (triradiate), and the dentition on the
502:, and in modern representatives highly modified skulls.
3780:
1873:, Brandt and Ratzeberg, 1833) and American Paddlefish (
1582:
Hilton, Eric J.; Grande, Lance; Jin, Fan (2020-10-08).
672:(Also placed in the separate order Chondrosteiformes)
445:
433:
421:
418:
403:
3251:
3241:
3224:
3214:
3184:
3174:
3164:
3147:
3137:
3127:
3059:
3022:
3007:
2996:
2906:
2890:
2879:
2868:
2858:
2847:
2836:
2825:
1420:
Annual Review of
Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
574:
Acipenseriforms are assumed to have evolved from a "
427:
412:
326:
320:
303:
297:
4934:
4811:
4744:
4651:
4613:
4604:
4543:
4474:
4361:
4313:
4223:
4148:
3908:
3818:
3749:
3725:
3716:
3670:
3626:
3593:
3407:
3398:
3198:
3118:
3109:
3058:
3021:
2981:
2905:
2806:
2759:
2732:
2420:
2387:
2347:
2324:
2291:
2273:
2225:
2202:
2169:
2158:
2135:
2124:
2106:
2095:
2077:
439:
409:
1531:Hilton, Eric J.; Forey, Peter L. (December 2009).
1482:20.500.11820/d45b461b-e57c-49cc-b3d2-ece367626d86
490:. Despite being early diverging, they are highly
1877:, Walbaum 1792) and Evaluation of Their Progeny"
1093:A study published in 2020 reported a successful
1072:International Union for Conservation of Nature
860:Grande & Bemis, 1991 non Pflugfelder, 1934
3796:
3336:
2663:
2015:
1957:"A compendium of fossil marine animal genera"
1156:Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
562:fish. All acipenseriforms probably possessed
8:
1990:Photos and illustrations of Acipenseriformes
534:bones of the skull possess a cartilaginous
4922:
4610:
3803:
3789:
3781:
3722:
3404:
3343:
3329:
3321:
3115:
2989:
2818:
2814:
2803:
2738:
2729:
2686:
2670:
2656:
2648:
2166:
2132:
2103:
2022:
2008:
2000:
1324:Leprévost, A.; Sire, J.-Y. (August 2014).
1083:Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute
133:
111:
31:
4348:Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water
1995:CITES finalizes 2006 caviar export quotas
1902:
1892:
1650:
1480:
1470:
1374:
1341:
967:Sato, Murray, Vernygora and Currie, 2019
1146:
5223:Extant Late Jurassic first appearances
1288:Sturgeon Biodiversity and Conservation
1058:of Acipenseriformes are classified as
1799:Grande, L. & Bemis, W.E. (1996).
1504:Lu, Liwu; Tan, Kai; Wang, Xi (2020).
1432:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-111720-010447
1357:Crampton, William G. R. (July 2019).
1248:Lu, Liwu; Tan, Kai; Wang, Xi (2020).
7:
5068:1f398006-6d74-424f-b2c6-ff82569df2d6
1950:The Bibliography of Acipenseriformes
1869:"Hybridization of Russian Sturgeon (
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
4904:
4175:Electroreception and electrogenesis
1541:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
256:(sometimes placed in its own order)
1961:Bulletins of American Paleontology
1731:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1684:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
498:skeletons that are mostly made of
25:
1284:"An overview of Acipenseriformes"
472:(Acipenseroidei), as well as the
4903:
4892:
4891:
4874:
4873:
3899:
3305:
3299:
3292:
1819:10.1016/B978-012670950-6/50006-0
1131:
464:that includes living and fossil
396:
159:
3859:Environmental impact of fishing
1215:Environmental Biology of Fishes
922:, 1831 sensu Bemis et al., 1997
618:The oldest known paddlefish is
1330:Journal of Applied Ichthyology
385:Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni
1:
1743:10.1080/02724634.2018.1488137
1414:Friedman, Matt (2022-11-02).
3944:intramembranous ossification
1806:Interrelationships of Fishes
1633:Ruban, G. I. (2023-04-01).
1535:Chondrosteus acipenseroides
388:(false shovelnose sturgeon)
5239:
4323:Fin and flipper locomotion
4293:Sequential hermaphroditism
4180:Jamming avoidance response
3897:
1472:10.1038/s41467-023-38714-z
554:) using structures called
308:Strongylosteus hindenburgi
4887:
3360:
3289:
2992:
2821:
2817:
2802:
2783:
2741:
2728:
2685:
2039:
1871:Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
1809:. San Diego, California:
1652:10.1134/S0032945223020169
1553:10.1017/S1477201909002740
1168:10.1016/j.gde.2003.09.001
1103:Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
978:Grande & Hilton, 2009
240:
235:
156:Scientific classification
154:
141:
132:
119:
110:
34:
3520:A. oxyrinchus oxyrinchus
1194:"Order Acipenseriformes"
1192:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
788:Grande & Bemis, 1991
584:whole genome duplication
4839:Glossary of ichthyology
4401:Diel vertical migration
3572:European sea sturgeon (
3353:sturgeon and paddlefish
1955:Sepkoski, Jack (2002).
1592:Journal of Paleontology
1586:Yanosteus longidorsalis
1514:Earth Science Frontiers
1508:Eochondrosteus sinensis
1363:Journal of Fish Biology
1296:10.1007/0-306-46854-9_4
1258:Earth Science Frontiers
1252:Eochondrosteus sinensis
1227:10.1023/A:1007370213924
785:Suborder Acipenseroidei
653:Lu, Li & Yang, 2005
331:Yanosteus longidorsalis
5218:Taxa named by Lev Berg
5213:Ray-finned fish orders
4205:Surface wave detection
4170:Hydrodynamic reception
3844:Diseases and parasites
1639:Journal of Ichthyology
1085:in their 2019 report.
389:
372:
355:
338:
312:
41:Early Jurassic–Present
5167:Paleobiology Database
4343:Undulatory locomotion
4160:Ampullae of Lorenzini
3737:American paddlefish (
3691:Shovelnose sturgeon (
3511:A. oxyrinchus desotoi
1967:: 560. Archived from
1894:10.3390/genes11070753
1459:Nature Communications
1068:critically endangered
890:(American paddlefish)
494:, having only weakly
378:
361:
354:(American paddlefish)
344:
318:
295:
126:Acipenser oxyrhynchus
5063:Fauna Europaea (new)
4571:Genetically modified
3761:Chinese paddlefish (
3658:Amu Darya sturgeon (
3640:Syr Darya sturgeon (
3428:Shortnose sturgeon (
3263:Pseudoscaphirhynchus
1533:"Redescription of †
1031:Pseudoscaphirhynchus
905:(Chinese paddlefish)
767:Liu & Zhou, 1965
723:Liu & Zhou, 1965
570:Evolutionary history
4376:Aquatic respiration
4263:Life history theory
3518:Atlantic sturgeon (
3491:Adriatic sturgeon (
3482:Japanese sturgeon (
3473:Sakhalin sturgeon (
3419:Siberian sturgeon (
3256:Protoscaphirhynchus
2293:Protacanthopterygii
2283:Lepidogalaxiiformes
1938:Martin Hochleithner
1925:Martin Hochleithner
1813:. pp. 85–115.
1775:Fishes of the World
1678:Protopsephurus liui
1604:10.1017/jpa.2020.80
1584:"Redescription of †
1202:. May 2006 version.
1107:American paddlefish
941:Protoscaphirhynchus
847:Hilton et al., 2023
836:Hilton et al., 2023
143:American paddlefish
4215:Weberian apparatus
3700:Alabama sturgeon (
3554:Chinese sturgeon (
3527:Persian sturgeon (
3500:Bastard sturgeon (
3457:A. gueldenstaedtii
3455:Russian sturgeon (
3437:Dabry's sturgeon (
2873:Bobasatraniiformes
2510:Cyprinodontiformes
2435:Trachichthyiformes
2389:Paracanthopterygii
2240:Alepocephaliformes
2034:orders by subclass
1506:"Redescription of
1250:"Redescription of
1079:Chinese paddlefish
956:Murray et al. 2020
934:Murray et al. 2023
707:Agassiz, 1833–1844
696:Agassiz, 1833–1844
540:quadratojugal bone
528:infraorbital nerve
390:
373:
368:Acipenser ruthenus
356:
339:
313:
5195:
5194:
5154:Open Tree of Life
4928:Taxon identifiers
4919:
4918:
4829:Fish common names
4740:
4739:
4371:Aquatic predation
4195:Capacity for pain
3924:Age determination
3778:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3712:
3711:
3682:Pallid sturgeon (
3563:Starry sturgeon (
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3278:
2977:
2976:
2895:Saurichthyiformes
2884:Guildayichthyidae
2798:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2779:
2778:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2605:Tetraodontiformes
2560:Chaetodontiformes
2495:Pleuronectiformes
2450:Batrachoidiformes
2212:Osteoglossiformes
2204:Osteoglossomorpha
1875:Polyodon spathula
1785:978-1-118-34233-6
1376:10.1111/jfb.13922
1343:10.1111/jai.12525
1305:978-0-7923-4517-6
1111:Polyodon spathula
1039:
1025:
1011:
993:
979:
968:
957:
946:
935:
923:
904:
889:
875:
861:
848:
837:
826:
815:
803:
789:
779:
768:
757:
746:
735:
724:
708:
697:
686:
671:
654:
642:
462:ray-finned fishes
351:Polyodon spathula
290:
289:
231:
148:Polyodon spathula
121:Atlantic sturgeon
16:(Redirected from
5230:
5208:Acipenseriformes
5188:
5187:
5175:
5174:
5162:
5161:
5149:
5148:
5136:
5135:
5133:NBNSYS0000164618
5123:
5122:
5110:
5109:
5097:
5096:
5084:
5083:
5071:
5070:
5058:
5057:
5045:
5044:
5032:
5031:
5019:
5018:
5006:
5005:
4993:
4992:
4983:
4982:
4980:Acipenseriformes
4970:
4969:
4968:
4966:Acipenseriformes
4955:
4954:
4953:
4936:Acipenseriformes
4923:
4907:
4906:
4895:
4894:
4877:
4876:
4611:
3903:
3834:Ethnoichthyology
3805:
3798:
3791:
3782:
3723:
3649:Dwarf sturgeon (
3583:A. transmontanus
3581:White sturgeon (
3484:A. multiscutatus
3464:Green sturgeon (
3405:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3322:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3253:
3243:
3226:
3216:
3186:
3176:
3166:
3149:
3139:
3129:
3116:
3061:
3024:
3009:
2998:
2990:
2984:Acipenseriformes
2954:Plesiococcolepis
2908:
2892:
2881:
2870:
2860:
2849:
2838:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2804:
2739:
2730:
2723:
2722:
2687:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2649:
2615:Centrarchiformes
2590:Priacanthiformes
2585:Scatophagiformes
2540:Uranoscopiformes
2485:Istiophoriformes
2475:Synbranchiformes
2440:Holocentriformes
2407:Stylephoriformes
2359:Ateleopodiformes
2245:Gonorynchiformes
2189:Notacanthiformes
2167:
2163:
2145:Lepisosteiformes
2133:
2129:
2116:Acipenseriformes
2104:
2100:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2001:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1896:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1654:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1474:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1378:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1279:
1266:
1265:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1151:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1099:Russian sturgeon
1034:
1020:
1002:
988:
977:
966:
955:
945:Wilimovsky, 1956
944:
933:
918:
899:
884:
870:
859:
846:
835:
824:
813:
798:
787:
777:
766:
755:
745:Jin et al., 1995
744:
733:
722:
706:
695:
681:
666:
652:
637:
635:Acipenseriformes
588:rediploidization
552:electroreception
452:
451:
448:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
393:Acipenseriformes
328:
322:
305:
299:
226:
223:Acipenseriformes
164:
163:
137:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
35:Acipenseriformes
32:
21:
5238:
5237:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5227:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5183:
5178:
5170:
5165:
5157:
5152:
5144:
5139:
5131:
5126:
5118:
5113:
5105:
5100:
5092:
5087:
5079:
5074:
5066:
5061:
5053:
5048:
5040:
5035:
5027:
5022:
5014:
5009:
5001:
4996:
4988:
4986:
4978:
4973:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4930:
4920:
4915:
4883:
4807:
4736:
4647:
4600:
4539:
4470:
4363:
4357:
4309:
4253:Ichthyoplankton
4219:
4151:
4144:
4140:Digital Library
4135:Teleost leptins
4074:Shark cartilage
3998:pharyngeal slit
3993:pharyngeal arch
3929:Anguilliformity
3914:
3912:
3904:
3895:
3814:
3809:
3779:
3770:
3745:
3708:
3693:S. platorynchus
3666:
3642:P. fedtschenkoi
3630:
3622:
3589:
3545:Amur sturgeon (
3509:Gulf sturgeon (
3446:Lake sturgeon (
3430:A. brevirostrum
3394:
3356:
3349:
3319:
3310:
3291:
3275:
3194:
3105:
3054:
3017:
3001:Cylindracanthus
2986:
2973:
2901:
2811:
2790:
2775:
2755:
2724:
2692:
2691:
2681:
2676:
2646:
2629:
2625:Scorpaeniformes
2565:Acanthuriformes
2525:Gobiesociformes
2465:Syngnathiformes
2422:Acanthopterygii
2416:
2383:
2379:Polymixiiformes
2343:
2320:
2301:Argentiniformes
2287:
2269:
2221:
2198:
2159:
2154:
2125:
2120:
2096:
2091:
2087:Polypteriformes
2073:
2035:
2028:
1986:
1974:
1972:
1954:
1946:Sergej Podushka
1921:
1920:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1829:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1737:(4): (1)–(15).
1724:
1723:
1719:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1281:
1280:
1269:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1091:
1052:
825:MacAlpin, 1941a
630:
572:
548:electric fields
508:
399:
395:
225:
158:
145:
123:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:Order of fishes
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5236:
5234:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5200:
5199:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5176:
5163:
5150:
5137:
5124:
5111:
5098:
5085:
5072:
5059:
5050:Fauna Europaea
5046:
5033:
5020:
5007:
4994:
4984:
4971:
4956:
4940:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4901:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4871:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4657:
4655:
4653:Wild fisheries
4649:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4619:
4617:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4576:Hallucinogenic
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4451:Schooling fish
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4411:Filter feeders
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4386:Bottom feeders
4383:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4319:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4229:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4156:
4154:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4032:Leydig's organ
4029:
4028:
4027:
4025:pharyngeal jaw
4022:
4012:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3978:branchial arch
3970:
3969:
3968:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3931:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3906:
3905:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3825:
3823:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3785:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3757:
3755:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3697:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3673:Scaphirhynchus
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3655:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3631:scaphirhynchus
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3611:
3601:
3599:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3578:
3569:
3560:
3551:
3542:
3533:
3524:
3515:
3506:
3502:A. nudiventris
3497:
3488:
3479:
3470:
3466:A. medirostris
3461:
3452:
3443:
3434:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3325:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3270:Scaphirhynchus
3266:
3259:
3249:
3239:
3232:
3229:Engdahlichthys
3222:
3219:Anchiacipenser
3212:
3204:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3189:Pugiopsephurus
3182:
3172:
3169:Protopsephurus
3162:
3155:
3145:
3142:Paleopsephurus
3135:
3124:
3122:
3113:
3111:Acipenseroidei
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3065:
3063:Peipiaosteidae
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3049:Strongylosteus
3045:
3038:
3030:
3028:
3026:Chondrosteidae
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3012:Eochondrosteus
3005:
2993:
2987:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2968:Toarcocephalus
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2914:
2912:
2910:Coccolepididae
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2888:
2877:
2866:
2856:
2845:
2834:
2822:
2812:
2807:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2749:Actinopterygii
2742:
2736:
2734:Actinopterygii
2726:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2711:
2709:Actinopterygii
2705:
2699:
2690:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2610:Pempheriformes
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2505:Atheriniformes
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2480:Anabantiformes
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2397:Percopsiformes
2393:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2369:Myctophiformes
2366:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2350:incertae sedis
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2217:Hiodontiformes
2214:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2194:Anguilliformes
2191:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2101:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2032:Actinopterygii
2029:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1984:External links
1982:
1981:
1980:
1952:
1935:
1919:
1918:
1858:
1827:
1811:Academic Press
1791:
1784:
1764:
1717:
1690:(2): 209–237.
1666:
1645:(2): 206–215.
1625:
1598:(1): 170–183.
1574:
1547:(4): 427–453.
1523:
1516:(in Chinese).
1496:
1445:
1426:(1): 353–377.
1406:
1349:
1336:(4): 767–776.
1316:
1304:
1267:
1240:
1221:(1–4): 25–71.
1205:
1190:Froese, Rainer
1181:
1162:(6): 588–592.
1145:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1126:
1123:
1090:
1087:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1026:
1017:Scaphirhynchus
1012:
994:
980:
969:
963:Anchiacipenser
958:
952:Engdahlichthys
947:
936:
910:
909:
908:
907:
906:
891:
876:
849:
838:
832:Pugiopsephurus
827:
821:Paleopsephurus
816:
810:Protopsephurus
782:
781:
780:
769:
758:
747:
736:
734:Jakovlev, 1968
719:Peipiaosteidae
711:
710:
709:
703:Strongylosteus
698:
687:
663:Chondrosteidae
655:
648:Eochondrosteus
629:
628:Classification
626:
621:Protopsephurus
612:Peipiaosteidae
608:Early Jurassic
604:Chondrosteidae
600:Early Triassic
595:Eochondrosteus
571:
568:
532:palatoquadrate
507:
504:
484:Peipiaosteidae
480:Chondrosteidae
319:Fossil of the
296:Fossil of the
288:
287:
286:
285:
284:
283:
276:
267:Acipenseroidei
263:
261:Peipiaosteidae
257:
254:Chondrosteidae
250:
246:Eochondrosteus
238:
237:
233:
232:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
203:Actinopterygii
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
152:
151:
139:
138:
130:
129:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
18:Acipenseriform
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5235:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5186:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5012:
5008:
5004:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4981:
4976:
4972:
4967:
4961:
4957:
4952:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4924:
4912:
4911:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4880:
4879:more lists...
4872:
4870:
4867:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4834:Fish families
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4819:Aquarium life
4817:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4802:
4801:fleshy-finned
4799:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4769:Cartilaginous
4767:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4406:Electric fish
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4360:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4037:Mauthner cell
4035:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3956:Chromatophore
3954:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3806:
3801:
3799:
3794:
3792:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3766:
3764:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3742:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3718:Polyodontidae
3715:
3705:
3703:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3625:
3619:
3617:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3547:A. schrenckii
3543:
3541:
3539:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3448:A. fulvescens
3444:
3442:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3400:Acipenseridae
3397:
3391:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3354:
3346:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3295:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3246:Priscosturion
3240:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3200:Acipenseridae
3197:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3152:Parapsephurus
3146:
3144:
3143:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3120:Polyodontidae
3117:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2789:
2788:
2782:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2659:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2570:Lutjaniformes
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:Ephippiformes
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:Blenniiformes
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2490:Carangiformes
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:Scombriformes
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2445:Ophidiiformes
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2311:Salmoniformes
2309:
2307:
2306:Galaxiiformes
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2275:Lepidogalaxii
2272:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:Gymnotiformes
2258:
2256:
2255:Characiformes
2253:
2251:
2250:Cypriniformes
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2063:Gnathostomata
2060:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1971:on 2011-07-23
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1942:Joern Gessner
1939:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1929:Joern Gessner
1926:
1923:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1828:0-12-670950-5
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1587:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1527:
1524:
1520:(6): 371–381.
1519:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1369:(1): 92–134.
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:(6): 371–381.
1263:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1140:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1119:Polyodontidae
1116:
1115:Acipenseridae
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:hybridization
1089:Hybridization
1088:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
986:
981:
976:
975:
974:Priscosturion
970:
965:
964:
959:
954:
953:
948:
943:
942:
937:
932:
931:
930:Boreiosturion
926:
925:
921:
917:
916:
915:Acipenseridae
911:
902:
898:
897:
892:
887:
883:
882:
877:
873:
869:
868:
863:
862:
858:
857:
856:Polyodontinae
853:
850:
845:
844:
843:Parapsephurus
839:
834:
833:
828:
823:
822:
817:
812:
811:
806:
805:
804:(paddlefish)
801:
797:
796:
795:Polyodontidae
791:
790:
786:
783:
776:
775:
770:
765:
764:
759:
754:
753:
748:
743:
742:
737:
732:
731:
726:
725:
721:
720:
715:
712:
705:
704:
699:
694:
693:
688:
684:
680:
679:
674:
673:
669:
665:
664:
659:
656:
650:
649:
644:
643:
640:
636:
632:
631:
627:
625:
623:
622:
616:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
580:Carboniferous
577:
576:palaeoniscoid
569:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
505:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
478:
475:
471:
467:
463:
460:
456:
450:
394:
387:
386:
382:
377:
370:
369:
365:
360:
353:
352:
348:
343:
337:
333:
332:
325:
317:
310:
309:
302:
294:
281:
280:Polyodontidae
277:
274:
273:Acipenseridae
270:
269:
268:
264:
262:
258:
255:
251:
248:
247:
242:
241:
239:
234:
229:
224:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
162:
157:
153:
149:
144:
140:
136:
131:
127:
122:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
4935:
4908:
4896:
4796:spiny-finned
4745:Major groups
4466:Intelligence
4446:Scale eaters
4391:Cleaner fish
4273:Mouthbrooder
4225:Reproduction
4200:Schreckstoff
4185:Lateral line
4101:Swim bladder
4091:Spiral valve
4020:hyomandibula
4003:pseudobranch
3886:Hypoxia in -
3762:
3750:
3738:
3726:
3701:
3692:
3683:
3671:
3660:P. kaufmanni
3659:
3650:
3641:
3627:
3615:
3606:
3594:
3582:
3573:
3565:A. stellatus
3564:
3555:
3546:
3537:
3528:
3519:
3510:
3501:
3492:
3483:
3474:
3465:
3456:
3447:
3439:A. dabryanus
3438:
3429:
3420:
3408:
3384:Osteichthyes
3352:
3298:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3244:
3234:
3227:
3217:
3207:
3187:
3177:
3167:
3157:
3150:
3140:
3132:Crossopholis
3130:
3098:
3093:Stichopterus
3091:
3084:
3079:Peipiaosteus
3077:
3070:
3047:
3040:
3035:Chondrosteus
3033:
3010:
2999:
2983:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2893:
2882:
2871:
2861:
2850:
2841:Errolichthys
2839:
2828:
2785:
2713:
2600:Lophiiformes
2595:Caproiformes
2575:Lobotiformes
2550:Moroniformes
2535:Gerreiformes
2520:Mugiliformes
2515:Beloniformes
2500:Cichliformes
2430:Beryciformes
2374:Lampriformes
2364:Aulopiformes
2348:
2339:Stomiiformes
2334:Osmeriformes
2265:Siluriformes
2235:Clupeiformes
2184:Albuliformes
2115:
2069:Osteichthyes
2061:Infraphylum
1973:. Retrieved
1969:the original
1964:
1960:
1949:
1932:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1805:
1794:
1774:
1767:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1669:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1577:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1526:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1499:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1309:, retrieved
1287:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1243:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1197:
1184:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1110:
1102:
1092:
1076:
1054:Most living
1053:
1050:Conservation
1029:
1015:
1004:J. F. Brandt
997:
983:
972:
961:
950:
939:
928:
924:(sturgeons)
912:
894:
879:
867:Crossopholis
865:
854:
851:
841:
830:
819:
808:
792:
784:
774:Stichopterus
772:
763:Peipiaosteus
761:
750:
739:
728:
717:
713:
701:
690:
678:Chondrosteus
676:
661:
657:
646:
634:
619:
617:
593:
592:
573:
560:neopterygian
509:
470:paddlefishes
392:
391:
383:
366:
349:
329:
324:peipiaosteid
306:
301:chondrosteid
282:(paddlefish)
266:
244:
222:
147:
125:
29:
5089:iNaturalist
4960:Wikispecies
4910:WikiProject
4869:Prehistoric
4853:Threatened
4544:Other types
4441:Sardine run
4416:Forage fish
4396:Corallivory
4248:Development
4233:Bubble nest
4106:physoclisti
4096:Suckermouth
4069:Root effect
3891:Ichthyology
3739:P. spathula
3702:S. suttkusi
3651:P. hermanni
3607:H. dauricus
3556:A. sinensis
3538:A. ruthenus
3529:A. persicus
3493:A. naccarii
3390:Chondrostei
3382:Superclass
3086:Spherosteus
2933:Condorlepis
2863:Neochallaia
2809:Chondrostei
2787:Chondrostei
2761:Chondrostei
2718:Actinopteri
2679:Chondrostei
2620:Perciformes
2580:Spariformes
2545:Labriformes
2460:Gobiiformes
2455:Kurtiformes
2316:Esociformes
2179:Elopiformes
2171:Elopomorpha
2127:Neopterygii
2108:Chondrostei
2098:Actinopteri
2067:Superclass
1465:(1): 2879.
1139:fish portal
730:Spherosteus
685:, 1833–1844
506:Description
381:acipenserid
379:The living
364:acipenserid
362:The living
347:polyodontid
345:The living
213:Chondrostei
5202:Categories
4525:Groundfish
4520:Freshwater
4515:Euryhaline
4500:Coral reef
4436:Salmon run
4426:Paedophagy
4328:Amphibious
4315:Locomotion
4123:pharyngeal
4111:physostome
4064:Photophore
4010:Glossohyal
3983:gill raker
3966:dorsal fin
3916:physiology
3763:P. gladius
3475:A. mikadoi
3378:Vertebrata
3376:Subphylum
2947:Morrolepis
2926:Coccolepis
2919:Barbalepis
2852:Gualolepis
2770:see below↓
2412:Gadiformes
2227:Otocephala
2150:Amiiformes
2057:Vertebrata
2055:Subphylum
1975:2011-05-17
1887:(7): 753.
1311:2022-07-27
1125:References
1097:between a
1064:endangered
1060:threatened
778:Reis, 1909
520:premaxilla
311:, Tübingen
275:(sturgeon)
236:Subgroups
228:L. S. Berg
209:Subclass:
4774:chimaeras
4661:Predatory
4638:Salmonids
4596:Whitefish
4586:Poisonous
4561:Diversity
4495:Coldwater
4431:Predatory
4421:Migratory
4381:Bait ball
4364:behaviour
4283:Pregnancy
4278:Polyandry
4052:papillare
4047:Operculum
4042:Meristics
3988:gill slit
3951:Cleithrum
3881:Fish kill
3871:Fear of -
3864:- as food
3854:Fisheries
3839:Evolution
3829:Diversity
3752:Psephurus
3574:A. sturio
3536:Sterlet (
3421:A. baerii
3410:Acipenser
3388:Subclass
3209:Acipenser
3179:Psephurus
3100:Yanosteus
3072:Liaosteus
3042:Gyrosteus
2961:Sunolepis
2695:Kingdom:
2402:Zeiformes
2161:Teleostei
2079:Cladistia
1778:. Wiley.
1751:0272-4634
1704:0272-4634
1661:1555-6425
1620:225158727
1612:0022-3360
1561:1477-2019
1491:2041-1723
1440:1543-592X
1385:0022-1112
1105:) and an
1070:) by the
1036:Nikolskii
1008:Ratzeburg
985:Acipenser
920:Bonaparte
896:Psephurus
852:Subfamily
800:Bonaparte
752:Liaosteus
741:Yanosteus
692:Gyrosteus
598:from the
544:gill-arch
536:symphysis
516:notochord
500:cartilage
466:sturgeons
371:(sterlet)
265:Suborder
179:Kingdom:
173:Eukaryota
4987:BioLib:
4945:Wikidata
4898:Category
4849:Smallest
4762:lampreys
4725:flatfish
4715:Demersal
4671:mackerel
4666:billfish
4606:Commerce
4535:Tropical
4510:Demersal
4505:Deep-sea
4461:Venomous
4353:RoboTuna
4303:triggers
4298:Spawning
4258:Juvenile
4243:Egg case
3876:FishBase
3728:Polyodon
3684:S. albus
3629:Pseudo-
3614:Beluga (
3605:Kaluga (
3372:Chordata
3366:Animalia
3364:Kingdom
3159:Polyodon
2940:Iyalepis
2830:Birgeria
2703:Chordata
2701:Phylum:
2697:Animalia
2326:Stomiati
2137:Holostei
2051:Chordata
2045:Animalia
2043:Kingdom
1913:32640744
1845:34990143
1837:96028224
1759:92574712
1712:86258128
1569:86821521
1401:73442571
1393:30729523
1235:24961905
1199:FishBase
1176:14638319
1062:(mostly
990:Linnaeus
949:Genus †
886:Lacépède
881:Polyodon
814:Lu, 1994
756:Lu, 1995
556:ampullae
512:ossified
496:ossified
477:families
259:Family †
252:Family †
193:Chordata
189:Phylum:
183:Animalia
169:Domain:
4951:Q192422
4844:Largest
4757:hagfish
4752:Jawless
4730:pollock
4703:sardine
4698:herring
4693:anchovy
4643:Tilapia
4633:Octopus
4628:Catfish
4615:Farming
4530:Pelagic
4490:Coastal
4477:habitat
4333:Walking
4238:Clasper
4190:Otolith
4152:systems
4150:Sensory
4084:ganoine
4059:Papilla
3910:Anatomy
3849:Fishing
3616:H. huso
3370:Phylum
3355:species
3351:Recent
2707:Class:
2049:Phylum
2030:Extant
1904:7397225
1853:989905M
1056:species
971:Genus †
960:Genus †
938:Genus †
927:Genus †
913:Family
901:Günther
893:Genus †
864:Genus †
840:Genus †
829:Genus †
818:Genus †
807:Genus †
793:Family
771:Genus †
760:Genus †
749:Genus †
738:Genus †
727:Genus †
700:Genus †
689:Genus †
683:Agassiz
675:Genus †
668:Egerton
645:Genus †
564:barbels
524:maxilla
492:derived
488:bichirs
474:extinct
278:Family
271:Family
243:Genus †
219:Order:
199:Class:
5159:773489
5120:161063
5042:1ACPNO
4862:sharks
4779:sharks
4708:sprats
4688:Forage
4676:salmon
4556:Coarse
4338:Flying
4210:Vision
4165:Barbel
4079:Scales
3939:dermal
3819:About
1944:, and
1911:
1901:
1851:
1843:
1835:
1825:
1782:
1757:
1749:
1710:
1702:
1659:
1618:
1610:
1567:
1559:
1489:
1438:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1302:
1233:
1174:
1038:, 1900
1028:Genus
1024:, 1835
1022:Heckel
1014:Genus
1010:, 1833
1006:&
996:Genus
992:, 1758
982:Genus
903:, 1873
888:, 1797
878:Genus
874:, 1883
802:, 1838
714:Family
670:, 1858
658:Family
641:, 1940
633:Order
453:is an
230:, 1940
5185:10288
5180:WoRMS
5172:35127
5107:10885
5102:IRMNG
5094:49824
5055:12010
4990:15439
4824:Blind
4812:Lists
4591:Rough
4456:Sleep
4362:Other
4128:shark
4118:Teeth
2714:Clade
1881:Genes
1755:S2CID
1708:S2CID
1616:S2CID
1565:S2CID
1397:S2CID
1231:S2CID
459:basal
455:order
5146:7899
5141:NCBI
5115:ITIS
5081:1103
5076:GBIF
5037:EPPO
5029:8300
4998:BOLD
4857:rays
4791:Bony
4784:rays
4681:tuna
4623:Carp
4581:Oily
4566:Game
4551:Bait
4485:Cave
4268:Milt
3973:Gill
3961:Fins
3934:Bone
3821:fish
3812:Fish
3596:Huso
3236:Huso
2747:see
1927:and
1909:PMID
1841:OCLC
1833:LCCN
1823:ISBN
1780:ISBN
1747:ISSN
1700:ISSN
1657:ISSN
1608:ISSN
1557:ISSN
1487:ISSN
1436:ISSN
1389:PMID
1381:ISSN
1300:ISBN
1172:PMID
1117:and
1077:The
999:Huso
872:Cope
639:Berg
522:and
482:and
468:and
336:MHNT
46:PreꞒ
5128:NBN
5024:EoL
5011:CoL
5003:259
4975:ADW
4720:cod
4475:By
4288:Roe
4015:Jaw
3913:and
1965:364
1899:PMC
1889:doi
1815:doi
1739:doi
1692:doi
1647:doi
1600:doi
1549:doi
1477:hdl
1467:doi
1428:doi
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1292:doi
1223:doi
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457:of
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