158:
392:'s abolition of slavery in 1794, FĂ©don and his troops took control of all of Grenada (except the parish of St. George's, the seat of government), who afterwards freed the slaves who participated in the rebellion. The struggle of the enslaved for their rights continued for a year and a half (between March 1795 and June 1796), until the British regained control of the island. The British, as a punishment for disobedience and rebellion, executed the alleged leaders of the rebellion, however, FĂ©don was never captured. Slavery in Grenada was finally abolished by British law in 1834, and all enslaved people were freed by 1 August 1838.
396:
1221:
1207:
2575:
148:
141:
183:
531:
33:
1024:
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297:(Company of the Isles of America) since 1637, landed at St. Georges Harbour and constructed a fortified settlement, which they named Fort Annunciation. By 1700, Grenada had a population of 257 French (whites) and 53 coloureds with 525 enslaved Africans to work on 3 sugar estates and 52 indigo plantations.
276:
are mutable rather than deterministic and neither physical appearance nor ancestry are used straightforwardly to determine whether a person is considered a Black
Grenadian. According to the 2012 Census, 82% of Grenada's population is Black, 13% is mixed European and black and 2% is of Indian origin.
312:, the English began to import their own enslaved Africans for use on their cotton, sugar and tobacco plantations. It is believed that most of the slaves who were imported to Grenada embarked from
2295:
1234:
157:
1266:
1037:
Big drum nation. The
Experience of the Slave Trade and Slavery: Slave Narratives and the Oral History of Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique, Final
990:
2507:
1962:
1012:
1771:
2534:
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1001:
430:
1977:
1467:
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1484:
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1663:
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384:, led a violent rebellion against British rule on the night of 2 March 1795. Clearly influenced by the ideas emerging from the
2407:
603:
97:
1259:
556:
273:
54:
575:
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1239:
332:, more than 18,000, 19% of the enslaved people of the island). To a lesser extent, enslaved people were also imported from
2153:
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2016:
1947:
1933:
1677:
1611:
233:
2046:
582:
76:
2437:
2392:
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1967:
1581:
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541:
372:. The first British census of Grenada, in 1700, recorded 525 slaves and 53 freed from slavery living on the island.
2467:
2371:
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2006:
1606:
1591:
1374:
777:
381:
229:
560:
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43:
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395:
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2001:
1672:
571:
290:
65:
1450:
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1177:"Genetic Legacy Of Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade In Present Populations: Anthropological And Clinical Context"
970:
516:
brought via the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, tend to have occurrences of sickle cell anemia and thalassemia.
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2267:
2026:
1502:
1428:
754:
463:
309:
264:. They usually refer to themselves simply as 'Grenadians' or 'Caribbean'. The term was first coined by an
1514:
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numbered more than 12,000 people, 11% of the enslaved of
Grenada. Many of the enslaved people were also
1176:
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2061:
1811:
1106:
670:
795:
789:
2240:
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2196:
1972:
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1063:
1027:(in Spanish: From Oblivion to Memory: 4: the voices of the enslaved, the sounds of freedom); 2008.
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1183:
1150:
665:
489:
1369:
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2277:
2143:
2011:
1902:
1658:
1633:
1142:
1124:
932:
899:
822:
806:
675:
636:
501:
413:
385:
265:
952:
928:
895:
596:
90:
2250:
2175:
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1872:
1840:
1766:
1704:
1687:
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1524:
1519:
1455:
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1337:
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1114:
865:
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513:
205:
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1043:
690:
485:
369:
209:
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1110:
1057:
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1989:
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1025:
Del olvido a la memoria: 4: las voces de los esclavizados, los sonidos de la libertad
921:
888:
817:
706:
701:
450:
ancestry, Afro-Grenadians, who were sampled in 2013, were found to be 81.1% (±11.3%)
321:
2502:
2497:
2336:
1994:
1984:
1716:
1322:
1154:
801:
734:
685:
647:
409:
357:
353:
341:
329:
257:
225:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1119:
1077:
849:
2519:
2361:
2185:
2148:
2138:
2111:
1726:
1638:
1347:
771:
530:
509:
505:
493:
451:
417:
317:
32:
2487:
2158:
2098:
1816:
1423:
1202:
1128:
739:
497:
333:
286:
17:
470:
ancestry; the G2 variant occurs at a 3%-8% rate among populations of western
1756:
1682:
765:
261:
1146:
1907:
1860:
1806:
1623:
1507:
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1352:
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history professor, John Henrik Clarke (1915–1998), in his piece entitled
2549:
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1411:
377:
313:
260:
descent. This term is not generally recognised by
Grenadians or indeed
253:
188:
147:
991:
African origins of the slaves from
British and former British Antilles
1833:
1751:
1709:
1384:
1002:
Stories of high status
Africans | Personal stories: Enslaved Africans
481:
447:
361:
337:
213:
1015:(in Spanish:Local power, global power in Latin America) - Página 128
1244:
2226:
1850:
1240:"Political parties of the Americas, 1980s to 1990s" - Google Books
394:
325:
324:, more than 37,000, 34% of the enslaved people of the island) and
237:
300:
More than half a century later, when
Grenada was captured by the
1248:
524:
348:(more than 14,000, 13% of the enslaved people of the island),
272:. The term may also refer to a Grenadian of African ancestry.
26:
293:
who had been the
Governor of Martinique on behalf of the
420:. There is also a Muslim minority of black Grenadians.
1095:"Y chromosome lineages in men of west African descent"
285:
On 17 March 1649, a French expedition of 203 men from
352:(more than 5,800, 5,4% of the slaves of the island),
344:(more than 12,000, 11% of the slaves of the island),
336:(more than 5,000, 4.9% of the slaves of the island),
1056:
Great
Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (1835).
854:(14, no. 4 ed.). Freedomways. pp. 347–349.
500:, which, consequently, prevents the reproduction of
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1932:
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462:Risk allele variants G1 and G2 are associated with
219:
194:
174:
164:
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1059:Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command
920:
887:
786:(Black/Blood-Pudding specialist(Grenadian mother))
431:Genetic history of the African diaspora § Grenada
792:(Former Cricketer,Taxi Driver)(Grenadian father)
442:In addition to being found to have 6.8% (±4.6%)
380:plantation owner of the Belvedere estate in the
277:(Europeans are less than 1% of the population.)
1182:. University of Porto. pp. 47, 49–50, 52.
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
1093:Torres, Jada Benn; et al. (25 Jan 2012).
1079:General Report of the Emigration Commissioners
1260:
8:
1235:"Dellums and Grenada" - Ludington Daily News
1082:. H.M. Stationery Office. 1839. p. 169.
308:(1762) and formally ceded to Britain by the
132:
1013:Poder local, poder global en América Latina
559:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2316:
1300:
1286:
1267:
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1245:
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964:
496:, produce an effect on the development of
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131:
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1118:
623:Learn how and when to remove this message
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
466:, which are common among populations of
840:
7:
2584:
557:adding citations to reliable sources
175:Regions with significant populations
55:adding citations to reliable sources
1062:. H.M. Stationery Office. p.
25:
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2574:
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1456:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1219:
1205:
971:The FĂ©dons of Grenada, 1763-1814
923:Grenada. A History of its People
890:Grenada. A History of its People
529:
429:This section is an excerpt from
412:, with the largest groups being
295:Compagnie des Iles de l'Amerique
181:
146:
139:
31:
42:needs additional citations for
512:ancestry, including among the
274:Social interpretations of race
1:
957:. Harrison. 1867. p. 42.
480:are protected against due to
234:traditional African religions
1120:10.1371/journal.pone.0029687
919:Steele, Beverley A. (2003).
886:Steele, Beverley A. (2003).
2610:African diaspora in Grenada
851:A Note on Racism in History
270:A Note on Racism in History
2636:
2468:African diaspora religions
1592:Indigenous Black Canadians
428:
408:Most black Grenadians are
2615:People of African descent
2569:
2443:African Hebrew Israelites
2219:Afro-Asians in South Asia
1046:. Posted by David Omowale
662:, (Grenadian grandfather)
224:
199:
179:
169:
155:
137:
2620:Ethnic groups in Grenada
1485:Turks and Caicos Islands
954:The Colonial Office List
521:Notable black Grenadians
202:Grenadian Creole English
715:(Grenadian grandfather)
291:Jacques Dyel du Parquet
230:Afro-American religions
214:Grenadian Creole French
2473:Anti-African sentiment
755:Johnson Gideon Beharry
464:chronic kidney disease
400:
2525:Civil rights movement
2413:Afro-Caribbean people
1722:Chestnut Ridge people
1644:African-American Jews
1446:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1175:TĹ™Ăska, Petr (2016).
927:. Macmillan. p.
894:. Macmillan. p.
656:, (Grenadian parents)
644:, (Grenadian parents)
484:ancestry. Hereditary
474:ancestry and origin.
398:
2483:Atlantic slave trade
2171:United Arab Emirates
848:Freedomways (1974).
671:Gifton Noel-Williams
553:improve this section
51:improve this article
2372:Sierra Leone Creole
2223:India and Pakistan
1468:Trinidad and Tobago
1318:Antigua and Barbuda
1111:2012PLoSO...729687T
825:(Grenadian Parents)
798:(Grenadian parents)
780:(Grenadian parents)
697:Nicholas Brathwaite
693:(Grenadian parents)
666:Eric Matthew Gairy
660:Dejon Noel-Williams
650:(Grenadian parents)
508:. Populations with
478:infectious diseases
468:Sub-Saharan African
446:and 12.1% (±11.2%)
134:
2515:Black Lives Matter
2122:Ethiopian Israelis
1772:African immigrants
1747:Louisiana Redbones
1683:Chickasaw freedmen
1612:African immigrants
1380:Dominican Republic
1042:2015-06-08 at the
866:"Grenada factbook"
809:(Grenadian mother)
774:(Grenadian father)
768:(Grenadian mother)
762:(Grenadian mother)
721:(grenadian father)
709:(Grenadian mother)
490:sickle cell anemia
401:
256:people of largely
2597:
2596:
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2564:
2478:Anti-Black racism
2418:British Jamaicans
2408:African Americans
2393:African Americans
2347:Americo-Liberians
2332:African Americans
2304:
2303:
2127:Sudanese refugees
1928:
1927:
1698:Seminole freedmen
1678:Cherokee freedmen
1659:Black Southerners
1634:African Americans
1582:African Americans
823:Shavon John-Brown
807:Jermaine Beckford
676:Herbert A. Blaize
637:Alleyne Francique
633:
632:
625:
607:
572:"Afro-Grenadians"
502:malaria parasites
388:, especially the
386:French Revolution
266:African Americans
243:
242:
127:
126:
119:
101:
66:"Afro-Grenadians"
16:(Redirected from
2627:
2587:
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2577:
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2317:
1705:Creoles of color
1688:Choctaw freedmen
1654:Black Mennonites
1587:Black Mennonites
1434:Jamaican Maroons
1390:Samaná Americans
1301:
1287:
1276:African diaspora
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514:African diaspora
404:Religious groups
399:Grenada Carnival
364:. The slaves of
306:Seven Years' War
250:Black Grenadians
187:
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165:Total population
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133:Black Grenadians
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59:
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2535:Genetic history
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2404:United Kingdom
2378:
2357:Afro-Brazilians
2312:
2310:
2300:
2284:
2189:
2180:
2093:
1936:
1924:
1784:
1778:
1649:Alabama Creoles
1569:
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906:
885:
884:
880:
871:
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864:
863:
859:
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846:
842:
837:
691:Nathaniel Clyne
629:
618:
612:
609:
566:
564:
550:
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523:
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517:
486:blood disorders
472:Central African
460:
444:Native American
440:
434:
426:
414:Roman Catholics
406:
382:St. John Parish
310:Treaty of Paris
283:
246:Afro-Grenadians
182:
180:
145:
140:
138:
130:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
48:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2283:
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2281:
2280:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2246:Black Dutchmen
2238:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
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2156:
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2136:
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1693:Creek freedmen
1690:
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1664:Black Hispanic
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1630:United States
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1535:Miskito people
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350:Bight of Benin
346:Windward Coast
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1227:Africa portal
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905:0-201-52396-5
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818:Saydrel Lewis
816:
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784:Stella Parkes
782:
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705:
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702:George Brizan
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613:December 2022
605:
602:
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584:
581:
577:
574: –
573:
569:
568:Find sources:
562:
558:
554:
548:
547:
543:
538:This section
536:
532:
527:
526:
520:
515:
511:
507:
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495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
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469:
465:
457:
455:
453:
449:
445:
438:Autosomal DNA
437:
432:
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411:
403:
397:
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78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
2296:Saint Helena
2232:in Karnataka
2149:Saudi Arabia
1717:Brass Ankles
1396:
1358:Cape Verdean
1102:
1098:
1088:
1078:
1072:
1058:
1051:
1032:
1020:
1008:
997:
953:
947:
922:
914:
889:
881:
870:. Retrieved
860:
850:
843:
813:Josh Gabriel
802:Jason Belfon
735:Kirani James
686:Darren Modoo
648:Ricky German
619:
610:
600:
593:
586:
579:
567:
551:Please help
539:
510:West African
461:
452:West African
441:
407:
374:Julien FĂ©don
342:Sierra Leone
330:Fante people
299:
284:
269:
249:
245:
244:
226:Christianity
129:Ethnic group
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
2555:Reparations
2520:Black power
2268:New Zealand
2099:Middle East
2052:Switzerland
2012:Netherlands
1727:Dominickers
1602:Nova Scotia
1520:El Salvador
1451:Saint Lucia
1441:Puerto Rico
772:Craig David
506:erythrocyte
504:within the
494:thalassemia
458:Medical DNA
304:during the
204:, standard
2604:Categories
2488:Coromantee
1903:Paramaccan
1817:Quilombola
1757:Melungeons
1515:Costa Rica
1424:Coromantee
1129:7919015239
872:2012-03-19
835:References
740:Paul Scoon
583:newspapers
498:hemoglobin
488:, such as
390:Convention
334:Senegambia
287:Martinique
262:Caribbeans
107:March 2010
77:newspapers
2309:Secondary
2273:Sri Lanka
2251:Mardijker
2241:Indonesia
2212:Hong Kong
2207:Guangzhou
2197:Australia
2144:Palestine
2072:Liverpool
2067:Cambridge
1920:Venezuela
1792:Argentina
1547:Nicaragua
1525:Guatemala
1305:Caribbean
1283:Geography
1188:132835585
868:. Cia.gov
766:Malcolm X
681:Ben Jones
540:does not
418:Anglicans
410:Christian
289:, led by
254:Grenadian
195:Languages
2579:Category
2429:Asia and
2398:Haitians
2353:Nigeria
2343:Liberia
2313:diaspora
2289:Atlantic
2263:Malaysia
2164:Africans
2082:Scotland
2027:Portugal
1948:Abkhazia
1908:Saramaka
1883:Suriname
1873:Paraguay
1861:Saramaka
1829:Colombia
1807:Kalungas
1737:Garifuna
1673:Freedmen
1624:Mascogos
1557:CimarrĂłn
1530:Honduras
1508:Garifuna
1478:Merikins
1461:Garifuna
1375:Dominica
1333:Barbados
1313:Anguilla
1291:Americas
1147:22295064
1099:PLOS ONE
1040:Archived
448:European
424:Genetics
370:Mandinka
220:Religion
2589:Commons
2550:Slavery
2540:Maroons
2459:Related
2431:Oceania
2389:France
2278:Kaffirs
2190:Oceania
2057:Ukraine
2032:Romania
2002:Ireland
1985:Germany
1968:Finland
1963:Denmark
1958:Belgium
1953:Austria
1915:Uruguay
1893:Matawai
1841:Ecuador
1812:Macombo
1797:Bolivia
1785:America
1607:Ontario
1570:America
1496:America
1494:Central
1419:Jamaica
1407:Marabou
1397:Grenada
1370:Curaçao
1338:Bermuda
1328:Bahamas
1155:6850246
1138:3266241
1107:Bibcode
597:scholar
561:removed
546:sources
482:African
378:mulatto
314:Nigeria
302:British
281:History
258:African
206:English
200:Mainly
189:Grenada
170:101,309
91:scholar
2508:Yoruba
2461:topics
2438:Israel
2383:Europe
2328:Ghana
2321:Africa
2159:Turkey
2134:Jordan
2117:Israel
2077:London
2047:Sweden
2037:Russia
2022:Poland
2017:Norway
1995:Blacks
1990:Greece
1973:France
1939:Blacks
1934:Europe
1898:Ndyuka
1888:Kwinti
1868:Guyana
1856:Ndyuka
1834:Raizal
1802:Brazil
1767:Yoruba
1752:Lumbee
1732:Fulani
1710:Gullah
1619:Mexico
1577:Canada
1552:Panama
1503:Belize
1412:Marron
1385:Cocolo
1186:
1153:
1145:
1135:
1127:
935:
902:
599:
592:
585:
578:
570:
362:Angola
360:) and
358:Kongos
338:Guinea
322:Yoruba
210:French
186:
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
2503:Tikar
2498:Kongo
2450:Japan
2337:Tabom
2258:Japan
2227:Siddi
2202:China
2176:Yemen
2154:Syria
2087:Wales
2042:Spain
2007:Italy
1978:Paris
1851:Aluku
1824:Chile
1783:South
1742:Igbos
1568:North
1429:Igbos
1402:Haiti
1353:Arará
1323:Aruba
1184:S2CID
1180:(PDF)
1151:S2CID
604:JSTOR
590:books
476:Some
354:Congo
326:Ghana
238:Islam
98:JSTOR
84:books
2493:Igbo
2362:Saro
2186:Asia
2139:Oman
2112:Iraq
2107:Iran
1878:Peru
1348:Cuba
1143:PMID
1125:OCLC
933:ISBN
900:ISBN
576:news
544:any
542:cite
492:and
416:and
376:, a
320:and
318:Igbo
252:are
212:and
70:news
2188:and
1133:PMC
1115:doi
555:by
248:or
53:by
2606::
1163:^
1149:.
1141:.
1131:.
1123:.
1113:.
1101:.
1097:.
1064:93
977:^
963:^
931:.
929:58
898:.
896:38
454:.
340:,
236:,
232:,
228:,
208:,
1941:)
1937:(
1671:/
1293:/
1268:e
1261:t
1254:v
1190:.
1157:.
1117::
1109::
1103:7
1066:.
941:.
908:.
875:.
626:)
620:(
615:)
611:(
601:·
594:·
587:·
580:·
563:.
549:.
433:.
328:(
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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