1134:), the two extant wild subspecies are both listed as critically endangered. African wild asses have been captured for domestication for centuries and this, along with interbreeding between wild and domestic animals, has caused a distinct decline in population numbers. There are now only a few hundred individuals left in the wild. These animals are also hunted for food and for traditional medicine in both Ethiopia and Somalia. Competition with domestic livestock for grazing, and restricted access to water supplies caused by agricultural developments, pose further threats to the survival of this species. The African wild ass is legally protected in the countries where it is currently found, although these measures often prove difficult to enforce. A protected population of the Somali wild ass exists in the
42:
730:
1077:
282:
705:
1040:
115:
374:
389:
1024:
3337:
73:
1285:(1866). "Systematische Übersicht der Säugethiere Nordost-Afrika's mit Einschluß der arabischen Küste, des rothen Meeres, der Somáli- und der Nilquellen-Länder, südwärts bis zum vierten Grade nördlicher Breite. Von Dr Theodor v. Heuglin. Nach brieflichen Mittheilungen und den Original-Exemplaren des Herrn Verfassers ergänzt und mit Zusätzen versehen von dem w. M. Dr Leopold Joseph Fitzinger".
436:
988:
of hearing and help in cooling. Because of the sparse vegetation in their environment wild asses live somewhat separated from each other (except for mothers and young), unlike the tightly grouped herds of wild horses. They have very loud voices, which can be heard for over 3 km (1.9 mi), which helps them to keep in contact with other asses over the wide spaces of the desert.
681:
657:
1116:
1107:. Despite being primarily adapted for living in an arid climate, they are dependent on water, and when not receiving the needed moisture from vegetation, they must drink at least once every three days. However, they can survive on a surprisingly small amount of liquid, and have been reported to drink salty or brackish water.
481:) lived ~5.6 (3.9–7.8) mya. Direct paleogenomic sequencing of a 700,000-year-old middle Pleistocene horse metapodial bone from Canada implies a more recent 4.07 Myr before present date for the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) within the range of 4.0 to 4.5 Myr BP. The oldest divergencies are the Asian hemiones (subgenus
1661:(1861). "Th. v. Heuglin's Forschungen über die Fauna des Rothen Meeres und der Somáli-Kuste. Ein systematisches Verzeichniss der Säugethiere und Vögel, welche in diesen Regionen bisher beobachtet worden sind, mit Rücksicht auf ihre geographische Verbreitung in horizontaler und vertikaler Ausdehnung".
987:
African wild asses are well suited to life in a desert or semidesert environment. They have tough digestive systems, which can break down desert vegetation and extract moisture from food efficiently. They can also go without water for a fairly long time. Their large ears give them an excellent sense
996:
The
African wild ass is primarily active in the cooler hours between late afternoon and early morning, seeking shade and shelter amongst the rocky hills during the day. The Somali wild ass is also very agile and nimble-footed, capable of moving quickly across boulder fields and in the mountains. On
1817:
Guagnin, M., Shipton, C., el-Dossary, S., al-Rashid, M., Moussa, F., Stewart, M., ... & Petraglia, M. D. (2018). "Rock art provides new evidence on the biogeography of kudu (Tragelaphus imberbis), wild dromedary, aurochs (Bos primigenius) and
African wild ass (Equus africanus) in the early and
1051:
Wild asses can run swiftly, almost as fast as a horse. However, unlike most hoofed mammals, their tendency is to not flee right away from a potentially dangerous situation, but to investigate first before deciding what to do. When they need to, they can defend themselves with kicks from both their
1047:
In the wild, African wild ass breeding occurs during the wet season. The gestation period lasts for 11 to 12 months, and one foal is born during the period from
October to February. The foal weans for 6 to 8 months after birth, reaching sexual maturity at the age of 2 years. Lifespan is up to 40
1750:Özkan, Mustafa; Gürün, Kanat; Yüncü, Eren; Vural, Kıvılcım Başak; Atağ, Gözde; Akbaba, Ali; Fidan, Fatma Rabia; Sağlıcan, Ekin; Altınışık, Ezgi N.; Koptekin, Dilek; Pawłowska, Kamilla; Hodder, Ian; Adcock, Sarah E.; Arbuckle, Benjamin S.; Steadman, Sharon R. (July 2024).
396:
The
African wild ass is about 1.2 metres (4 ft) tall and weighs approximately 250 kilograms (600 lb). The short, smooth coat is a light grey to fawn colour, fading quickly to white on the undersides and legs. There is a slender, dark dorsal stripe in all
1529:
Weinstock, Jaco; Willerslev, Eske; Sher, Andrei; Tong, Wenfei; Ho, Simon Y.W; Rubenstein, Dan; Storer, John; Burns, James; Martin, Larry; Bravi, Claudio; Prieto, Alfredo; Froese, Duane; Scott, Eric; Xulong, Lai; Cooper, Alan; Hillis, David (28 June 2005).
421:. On the nape of the neck, there is a stiff, upright mane, the hairs of which are tipped with black. The ears are large with black margins. The tail terminates with a black brush. The hooves are slender and approximately of the diameter as the legs.
1142:. This reserve was established in 1968 with the view to bolster populations of endangered desert species. Populations of horses and asses are fairly resilient and, if the species is properly protected, it may well recover from its current low.
470:, described as zebra-like with a donkey-shaped head. The oldest fossil to date is ~3.5 million years old from Idaho in the United States. The genus appears to have spread quickly into the Old World, with the similarly aged
1790:
Kimura, B., Marshall, F. B., Chen, S., Rosenbom, S., Moehlman, P. D., Tuross, N., ... & Mulligan, C. J. (2011). "Ancient DNA from Nubian and Somali wild ass provides insights into donkey ancestry and domestication".
3417:
1914:
1471:
1349:
1663:
Mittheilungen aus Justus
Perthes' Geographischer Anstalt über Wichtige Neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographie von Dr A. Petermann ("Petermann's Geographische Mittheilungen")
2025:
1940:
3675:
557:
997:
the flat, it has been recorded reaching speeds of 70 km/h (43 mph). In keeping with these feats, its soles are particularly hard and its hooves grow very quickly.
1918:
1391:
3720:
1640:
1016:, and kept as far away as possible from any of the resident females. In the presence of estrous females, the males bray loudly. These animals live in loose
541:
Different authors consider the
African wild ass and the domesticated donkey one or two species; either view is technically legitimate, though the former is
3730:
1361:
1470:
Orlando, L.; Ginolhac, A.; Zhang, G.; Froese, D.; Albrechtsen, A.; Stiller, M.; Schubert, M.; Cappellini, E.; Petersen, B.; et al. (4 July 2013).
2011:
632:
3621:
3453:
2868:
3634:
3479:
41:
1898:
1321:
1162:
3700:
3725:
1944:
1734:
729:
674:
Nubian Desert of northeastern Sudan, from east of the Nile River to the Red Sea and south to the
Atbarah River and northern Eritrea
3505:
546:
556:, from the domestic donkey, whose specific name is older and usually would have priority. But this usage is erroneous since the
2076:
1629:
1165:(EEP). All European wild donkeys are either descendants of the original group at Zoo Basel or of 12 others that came from the
2031:
1166:
1155:
1135:
3639:
3484:
3695:
77:
2020:
114:
3710:
2861:
2474:
1724:
1399:
1357:
1076:
3735:
2047:
2040:
1303:
3690:
2835:
1188:
3705:
3680:
2846:
1693:
Noack Th. (1884). "Neues aus der
Tierhandlung von Karl Hagenbeck, sowie aus dem Zoologischen Garten in Hamburg".
1637:
704:
599:, 1861 is rejected as indeterminable, as it is based on an animal that cannot be identified and may have been a
1618:
3341:
2854:
1532:"Evolution, Systematics, and Phylogeography of Pleistocene Horses in the New World: A Molecular Perspective"
1299:
905:
853:
1713:
Vol. V. (eds. Kingdon, J., Happold, DCD, Butynski, TM, Hoffmann, M., Happold, M. & Kalina, J.) 414–417.
1150:
There are about 150 individual Somali wild asses living in zoos around the globe, of which 36 were born at
3409:
3357:
2825:
1966:
1808:
Proceedings of an interdisciplinary ACACIA workshop held at the
University of Cologne December 14-15, 2007
1806:
Desert animals in the eastern Sahara: status, economic significance, and cultural reflection in antiquity.
477:
Molecular phylogenies indicate the most recent common ancestor of all modern equids (members of the genus
430:
2740:
3715:
3647:
3554:
871:
362:
221:
3000:
2628:
2596:
2588:
2345:
441:
2748:
3520:
3440:
3395:
3303:
2798:
2732:
2700:
2620:
2612:
1487:
2636:
3193:
2676:
2465:
2430:
2394:
2069:
1875:
1658:
1278:
1039:
596:
238:
62:
3096:
2500:
2488:
1581:
1249:
3151:
2766:
2724:
2716:
2692:
2604:
2185:
1511:
1178:
1001:
569:
109:
3652:
3559:
2421:
281:
3608:
3541:
3160:
2806:
2232:
1894:
1832:
1773:
1730:
1563:
1503:
1327:
1317:
1282:
818:
242:
3546:
3285:
3241:
3217:
3169:
2985:
2782:
2439:
2403:
2213:
2051:. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. .
1763:
1553:
1543:
1495:
1311:
1244:
1193:
1126:
Though the species itself is under no threat of extinction, due to abundant domestic stock (
1008:– an essential marker in the flat, monotonous terrain. Due to the size of these ranges, the
600:
490:
1752:"The first complete genome of the extinct European wild ass ( Equus hemionus hydruntinus )"
388:
3685:
3528:
3497:
2708:
2660:
2644:
2204:
2195:
2157:
2129:
1855:
1644:
1633:
1183:
1028:
735:
686:
662:
608:
549:
classifies the donkey as a distinct species, as it does with almost all domestic mammals.
410:
409:), as well as the domestic donkey, there is a stripe across the shoulder. The legs of the
402:
264:
258:
49:
1751:
1491:
1012:
cannot exclude other males. Rather, intruders are tolerated – recognized and treated as
3294:
3087:
2918:
2878:
2790:
2755:
2684:
2652:
2577:
2453:
2412:
2287:
2269:
2222:
2148:
2062:
1558:
1531:
1061:
1023:
711:
616:
612:
466:
373:
334:
271:
166:
568:. This was done to prevent the confusing situation of the phylogenetic ancestor being
3669:
3492:
3312:
3208:
2961:
2562:
2529:
2278:
2260:
2086:
1307:
1235:
1100:
1009:
752:
628:
528:
504:
186:
82:
1626:
1226:
1161:
Zoo Basel manages the
European studbook for the Somali wild ass and coordinates the
3613:
3599:
3184:
3124:
3078:
2774:
2668:
2570:
2372:
1515:
1445:
790:
565:
542:
1158:
started with Basel's first Somali wild asses in 1970 and the first birth in 1972.
723:
Region around the Atlas Mountains, across modern day Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco
1616:
Groves C. P. & Smeenk C. (2007). "The nomenclature of the African wild ass".
1548:
575:
Thus, if one species is recognized, the correct scientific name of the donkey is
3572:
3510:
3466:
3389:
2934:
1081:
1013:
588:
522:
512:
435:
3133:
2991:
2830:
2314:
1422:
680:
656:
454:
398:
378:
17:
3422:
3380:
2054:
1777:
1331:
1151:
1120:
1005:
624:
517:). All other modern forms including the domesticated horse (and many fossil
460:
126:
1567:
1507:
1446:"Ascent and decline of monodactyl equids: a case for prehistoric overkill"
1115:
3593:
3533:
3374:
2912:
2906:
2900:
976:
742:
518:
382:
342:
146:
3432:
1499:
627:
is designated: a skull of an adult female collected by von Heuglin near
3626:
3458:
3276:
3232:
2943:
2820:
2539:
1089:
1085:
1057:
346:
338:
325:), which is sometimes placed within the same species. They live in the
314:
176:
1768:
452:, which includes all extant equines, is believed to have evolved from
3471:
3404:
3049:
3040:
3025:
2894:
2385:
2363:
2336:
2171:
2138:
2106:
2015:
1891:
Horse Power: A History of the Horse and the Donkey in Human Societies
1127:
1065:
972:
964:
768:
604:
494:
484:
326:
318:
198:
156:
136:
3351:
3567:
3259:
3072:
3058:
3011:
2970:
2524:
2326:
2305:
2246:
1139:
1131:
1114:
1096:
1075:
1053:
1038:
1022:
968:
911:
498:
434:
418:
387:
372:
358:
354:
350:
310:
99:
93:
1313:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1289:, Abt. 1. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 54: 537–611.
760:
Cladogram based on whole nuclear genomes after Özkan et al. 2024.
720:
Darker gray coat, shoulder cross (sometimes doubled), leg stripes
2534:
1104:
1017:
695:
Lighter gray coat to light brown, no shoulder cross, leg stripes
552:
The species name for the African wild ass is sometimes given as
330:
3445:
3355:
2850:
2058:
1729:. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 55.
1476:
using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse"
1316:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 629.
1287:
Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften
1204:
This article incorporates CC BY-3.0 text from the reference.
417:) are horizontally striped with black, resembling those of a
317:. This species is thought to be the ancestor of the domestic
1967:"Zoo Basel Welcomes a Critically Endangered Somali Wild Ass"
2045:, in Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005.
1833:""Somali Wild Ass" in the Animal Encyclopaedia at Marwell"
1726:
Domestication: the decline of environmental appreciation
1064:, circa 2000 BC. These have been suggested to represent
1994:
Excludes the domesticated form, which is referenced as
1793:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1709:
Groves, C. (2013). Subgenus Asinus African Wild Ass in
1068:, but are now thought to have been domesticated asses.
1004:
around 23 square kilometres in size, marking them with
1350:"African wild ass is the mother of donkeys, DNA shows"
1225:
Moehlman, P.D.; Kebede, F. & Yohannes, H. (2015).
963:
African wild asses of unknown subspecies lived in the
849:
814:
349:. It formerly had a wider range north and west into
3583:
3364:
3274:
3258:
3230:
3206:
3182:
3149:
3132:
2959:
2942:
2548:
2517:
2487:
2452:
2371:
2362:
2313:
2304:
2245:
2170:
2114:
2105:
582:The first published name for the African wild ass,
558:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
1052:front and hind legs. Equids were used in ancient
533:which diverged ~4.8 (3.2–6.5) million years ago.
2028:at the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Species
1998:and is not subject to the provisions of CITES.
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1271:
1269:
1267:
2862:
2070:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1250:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T7949A45170994.en
501:), followed by the African zebras (subgenera
8:
3676:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
474:documented from western Europe and Russia.
3352:
3271:
3146:
3118:
2956:
2928:
2869:
2855:
2847:
2368:
2310:
2111:
2077:
2063:
2055:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1818:middle Holocene of north-western Arabia".
1679:The Kingdon field guide to African mammals
1673:
1671:
698:Somalia, Somaliland, Eritrea and Ethiopia
280:
71:
40:
31:
1767:
1557:
1547:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1248:
1095:The African wild asses' diet consists of
671:Gray coat, shoulder cross, no leg stripes
633:State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart
1343:
1341:
637:
635:, MNS 32026. The subspecies recognized:
1987:
1208:
1056:to pull wagons circa 2600 BC, and then
365:, with about 570 existing in the wild.
2037:at the IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group
1423:"Some remarks on the African wild ass"
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
3721:Critically endangered fauna of Africa
1163:European Endangered Species Programme
623:von Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866. A
7:
3521:b5999c48-d584-4f9c-a0e5-32e4d29d09ab
1804:Riemer, H. & Pöllath, N. (2007)
794:African wild ass + domestic donkeys
1236:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1080:Somali wild ass eating hay, at the
897:
842:
835:
807:
776:
763:
668:(von Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866)
615:has not been preserved. The first
25:
3731:Taxa named by Theodor von Heuglin
1893:. USA: Harvard University Press.
3336:
3335:
728:
703:
679:
655:
547:American Society of Mammalogists
439:Skull of a giant extinct horse,
113:
1398:. St. Louis Zoo. Archived from
1043:Somali wild ass mother and foal
822:(European wild ass/hydruntine)
464:. One of the oldest species is
1889:Clutton-Brock, Juliet (1992).
1167:Yotvata Hai-Bar Nature Reserve
1136:Yotvata Hai-Bar Nature Reserve
525:forms) belong to the subgenus
1:
1943:. Zoobasel.ch. Archived from
1917:. Zoobasel.ch. Archived from
1549:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030241
1421:van Bemmel, A. C. V (1972).
1354:National Geographic Blogspot
1020:of up to fifty individuals.
631:, Sudan, and present in the
572:included in its descendant.
545:more accurate. However, the
458:, via the intermediate form
3701:Fauna of the Horn of Africa
2475:Hartmann's mountain zebra (
2160:Equus africanus somaliensis
2097:Extinct species are marked
2048:Mammal Species of the World
1138:in Israel, to the north of
690:Equus africanus somaliensis
54:Equus africanus somaliensis
3752:
2836:Domestication of the horse
2235:Equus hemionus hydruntinus
2151:Equus africanus atlanticus
1189:Feral donkeys in Australia
1000:Mature males defend large
715:Equus africanus atlanticus
428:
3726:Mammals described in 1866
3333:
3121:
3117:
2931:
2927:
2889:
2816:
2172:Onager / Asiatic wild ass
2132:Equus africanus africanus
2095:
1677:Kingdon, Jonathan (1997)
902:
895:
868:
847:
840:
833:
812:
805:
781:
774:
666:Equus africanus africanus
288:
279:
255:
250:
227:
220:
110:Scientific classification
108:
91:
69:
60:
48:
39:
34:
1619:Zoologische Mededelingen
1427:Zoologische Mededelingen
1348:Staff (10 August 2010).
586:, Fitzinger, 1858, is a
309:is a wild member of the
2397:Equus quagga burchellii
2348:Equus ferus przewalskii
2198:Equus hemionus hemippus
2188:Equus hemionus hemionus
1820:Journal of Biogeography
1723:Hemmer, Helmut (1990).
1586:www.mammaldiversity.org
909:(Mongolian wild ass) +
906:Equus hemionus hemionus
854:Equus hemionus hemippus
560:has conserved the name
3304:South American tapir (
2826:Evolution of the horse
2477:Equus zebra hartmannae
2433:Equus quagga crawshayi
2247:Kiang/Tibetan wild ass
2141:Equus africanus asinus
1695:Der Zoologische Garten
1643:7 October 2011 at the
1632:7 October 2011 at the
1582:"Explore the Database"
1310:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
1304:"Order Perissodactyla"
1154:, where this species'
1123:
1092:
1044:
1036:
912:Equus (hemionus) kiang
739:Equus africanus asinus
445:
431:Evolution of the horse
393:
385:
3648:Paleobiology Database
3555:Paleobiology Database
3194:Sumatran rhinoceros (
2466:Cape mountain zebra (
2424:Equus quagga chapmani
2415:Equus quagga borensis
2281:Equus kiang holdereri
2225:Equus hemionus onager
2085:Species of the genus
1711:The Mammals of Africa
1444:Azzaroli, A. (1992).
1118:
1079:
1042:
1026:
872:Equus hemionus onager
438:
391:
376:
363:Critically Endangered
78:Critically Endangered
3696:Fauna of East Africa
3001:Przewalski's horse (
2881:(Odd-toed ungulates)
2442:Equus quagga selousi
2346:Przewalski's horse (
2329:Equus ferus caballus
2290:Equus kiang polyodon
2216:Equus hemionus kulan
2186:Mongolian wild ass (
1878:. Ultimate Ungulate.
1243:: e.T7949A45170994.
1048:years in captivity.
392:Close-up of hindlegs
3711:Mammals of Ethiopia
3161:Indian rhinoceros (
2884:species by suborder
2741:Equus parastylidens
2406:Equus quagga boehmi
2388:Equus quagga quagga
2233:European wild ass (
2207:Equus hemionus khur
2032:African Wild Ass -
1947:on 20 December 2013
1921:on 20 December 2013
1795:, 278(1702), 50-57.
1500:10.1038/nature12323
1492:2013Natur.499...74O
1358:National Geographic
1169:in Israel in 1972.
1119:Somali wild ass at
1111:Conservation status
603:between a domestic
577:E. africanus asinus
472:Equus livenzovensis
307:African wild donkey
63:Conservation status
27:Species of wild ass
3736:Mammals of Eritrea
3242:Black rhinoceros (
3218:White rhinoceros (
3170:Javan rhinoceros (
3032:African wild ass (
2767:Equus semiplicatus
2758:Equus simplicidens
2725:Equus occidentalis
2717:Equus niobrarensis
2693:Equus mauritanicus
2605:Equus conversidens
2578:Giant Cape zebra (
2431:Crawshay's zebra (
2395:Burchell's zebra (
2214:Turkmenian kulan (
1876:"African wild ass"
1856:"African wild ass"
1822:, 45 (4), 727-740.
1453:Ann. Zool. Finnici
1402:on 1 November 2010
1179:Endangered species
1124:
1093:
1045:
1037:
857:(Syrian wild ass)
467:Equus simplicidens
446:
394:
386:
377:Close-up of head,
3691:Equines of Africa
3663:
3662:
3542:Open Tree of Life
3358:Taxon identifiers
3349:
3348:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3268:
3254:
3253:
3143:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3003:E. f. przewalskii
2976:
2953:
2882:
2844:
2843:
2807:Equus yunnanensis
2629:Equus dalianensis
2597:Equus complicatus
2589:Equus cedralensis
2513:
2512:
2468:Equus zebra zebra
2422:Chapman's zebra (
2358:
2357:
2339:Equus ferus ferus
2300:
2299:
2263:Equus kiang kiang
2205:Indian wild ass (
2196:Syrian wild ass (
2158:Somali wild ass (
2130:Nubian wild ass (
1900:978-0-674-40646-9
1769:10.1111/mec.17440
1756:Molecular Ecology
1396:About the Animals
1392:"Somali Wild Ass"
1364:on 17 August 2010
1323:978-0-8018-8221-0
975:, earlier in the
960:
959:
951:
950:
942:
941:
933:
932:
924:
923:
884:
883:
875:(Persian onager)
819:Equus hydruntinus
758:
757:
717:(P. Thomas, 1884)
442:Equus eisenmannae
415:E. a. somaliensis
293:
292:
289:Geographic range
265:E. a. somaliensis
213:E. africanus
103:
86:
35:African wild ass
16:(Redirected from
3743:
3706:Mammals of Sudan
3681:African wild ass
3656:
3655:
3643:
3642:
3630:
3629:
3617:
3616:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3585:Asinus africanus
3576:
3575:
3563:
3562:
3550:
3549:
3537:
3536:
3524:
3523:
3514:
3513:
3501:
3500:
3488:
3487:
3475:
3474:
3462:
3461:
3449:
3448:
3436:
3435:
3426:
3425:
3413:
3412:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3353:
3339:
3338:
3295:Mountain tapir (
3272:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3119:
3088:Mountain zebra (
3012:Domestic horse (
2975:
2974:
2966:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2929:
2880:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2848:
2783:Equus sivalensis
2756:Hagerman horse (
2749:Equus pectinatus
2454:Mountain zebra (
2413:Maneless zebra (
2369:
2311:
2288:Southern kiang (
2270:Northern kiang (
2223:Persian onager (
2149:Atlas wild ass (
2116:African wild ass
2112:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2056:
2012:African Wild Ass
1999:
1992:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1841:
1840:
1829:
1823:
1815:
1809:
1802:
1796:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1771:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1720:
1714:
1707:
1701:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1614:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1561:
1551:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1450:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1387:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1360:. Archived from
1345:
1336:
1335:
1296:
1290:
1277:
1273:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1252:
1222:
1194:Asiatic wild ass
1156:breeding program
898:
851:
843:
836:
816:
808:
777:
764:
732:
707:
683:
659:
638:
621:Asinus africanus
584:Asinus africanus
543:phylogenetically
489:, including the
297:African wild ass
284:
272:E. a. atlanticus
233:
118:
117:
97:
80:
75:
74:
44:
32:
21:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3651:
3646:
3638:
3633:
3625:
3620:
3612:
3607:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3579:
3571:
3566:
3558:
3553:
3545:
3540:
3532:
3529:Observation.org
3527:
3519:
3517:
3509:
3504:
3496:
3491:
3483:
3478:
3470:
3465:
3457:
3452:
3444:
3439:
3431:
3429:
3421:
3416:
3410:equus-africanus
3408:
3403:
3396:Equus africanus
3394:
3393:
3388:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3366:Equus africanus
3360:
3350:
3345:
3321:
3313:Malayan tapir (
3286:Baird's tapir (
3264:
3263:
3250:
3226:
3202:
3178:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3128:
3105:
3097:Grévy's zebra (
2968:
2967:
2965:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2938:
2923:
2885:
2879:Perissodactyla
2875:
2845:
2840:
2812:
2799:Equus uralensis
2733:Equus pacificus
2709:Equus namadicus
2701:Equus mexicanus
2661:Equus giganteus
2645:Equus fraternus
2621:Equus cumminsii
2613:Equus crinidens
2550:
2544:
2509:
2501:Grévy's zebra (
2489:Grévy's zebra (
2483:
2448:
2440:Selous' zebra (
2404:Grant's zebra (
2354:
2296:
2279:Eastern kiang (
2272:Equus kiang chu
2261:Western kiang (
2248:
2241:
2173:
2166:
2120:Equus africanus
2117:
2101:
2091:
2083:
2034:Equus africanus
2008:
2003:
2002:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1844:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1785:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1708:
1704:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1676:
1669:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1645:Wayback Machine
1634:Wayback Machine
1615:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1474:Equus evolution
1472:"Recalibrating
1469:
1468:
1464:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1389:
1388:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1324:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1283:Fitzinger L. J.
1275:
1274:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1229:Equus africanus
1224:
1223:
1210:
1202:
1184:Fauna of Africa
1175:
1148:
1113:
1074:
1033:E. a. somalicus
1029:Somali wild ass
994:
985:
961:
952:
943:
934:
925:
885:
785:Equus africanus
736:Domestic donkey
687:Somali wild ass
663:Nubian wild ass
609:Somali wild ass
594:Equus taeniopus
562:Equus africanus
539:
433:
427:
411:Somali wild ass
407:E. a. africanus
403:Nubian wild ass
401:, while in the
371:
302:Equus africanus
268:
262:
259:E. a. africanus
246:
235:
231:Equus africanus
229:
216:
112:
104:
87:
76:
72:
65:
50:Somali wild ass
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3749:
3747:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3668:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3644:
3631:
3618:
3605:
3589:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3564:
3551:
3538:
3525:
3515:
3502:
3489:
3476:
3463:
3450:
3437:
3427:
3414:
3401:
3386:
3370:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3347:
3346:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3310:
3301:
3292:
3282:
3280:
3269:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3196:D. sumatrensis
3190:
3188:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3167:
3157:
3155:
3144:
3140:(Rhinoceroses)
3134:Rhinocerotidae
3130:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3094:
3085:
3079:Plains zebra (
3066:
3065:
3056:
3047:
3038:
3019:
3018:
3009:
3008:
3007:
2979:
2977:
2954:
2950:(Horse family)
2940:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2919:Laurasiatheria
2915:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2791:Equus stenonis
2786:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2712:
2704:
2696:
2688:
2685:Equus lenensis
2680:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2653:Equus gallicus
2648:
2640:
2637:Equus excelsus
2632:
2624:
2616:
2608:
2600:
2592:
2584:
2580:Equus capensis
2574:
2566:
2557:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2392:
2381:
2379:
2373:Plains zebra (
2366:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2343:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2202:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2176:Equus hemionus
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2155:
2145:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2038:
2029:
2023:
2018:
2007:
2006:External links
2004:
2001:
2000:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1958:
1932:
1906:
1899:
1881:
1861:
1858:. Animal Info.
1842:
1837:marwell.org.uk
1824:
1810:
1797:
1783:
1742:
1735:
1715:
1702:
1683:
1681:. Helm, London
1667:
1648:
1598:
1573:
1521:
1486:(7456): 74–8.
1462:
1436:
1433:(21): 261–272.
1413:
1375:
1337:
1322:
1291:
1263:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1147:
1144:
1112:
1109:
1073:
1070:
1062:Standard of Ur
993:
990:
984:
981:
958:
957:
954:
953:
949:
948:
945:
944:
940:
939:
936:
935:
931:
930:
927:
926:
922:
921:
918:
917:
901:
896:
894:
891:
890:
887:
886:
882:
881:
878:
877:
867:
864:
863:
860:
859:
846:
841:
839:
834:
832:
829:
828:
825:
824:
811:
806:
804:
801:
800:
797:
796:
780:
775:
773:
772: (asses)
762:
756:
755:
749:
746:
733:
725:
724:
721:
718:
712:Atlas wild ass
708:
700:
699:
696:
693:
684:
676:
675:
672:
669:
660:
652:
651:
648:
645:
642:
617:available name
538:
535:
426:
423:
370:
367:
335:Horn of Africa
291:
290:
286:
285:
277:
276:
253:
252:
248:
247:
236:
225:
224:
218:
217:
210:
208:
204:
203:
196:
192:
191:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
167:Perissodactyla
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
106:
105:
92:
89:
88:
70:
67:
66:
61:
58:
57:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
18:African donkey
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3748:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3574:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3344:
3343:
3332:
3318:
3316:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3306:T. terrestris
3302:
3300:
3298:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3270:
3261:
3257:
3247:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3209:Ceratotherium
3205:
3199:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3145:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3116:
3102:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2955:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2883:
2872:
2867:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2677:Equus latipes
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2563:Equus alaskae
2559:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1981:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1736:9780521341783
1732:
1728:
1727:
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1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1659:Heuglin Th. v
1652:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1611:
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1325:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1279:Heuglin Th. v
1272:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1117:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1041:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:dominant male
1007:
1003:
998:
991:
989:
982:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
956:
955:
947:
946:
938:
937:
929:
928:
920:
919:
916:
914:
913:
908:
907:
900:
899:
893:
892:
889:
888:
880:
879:
876:
874:
873:
866:
865:
862:
861:
858:
856:
855:
845:
844:
838:
837:
831:
830:
827:
826:
823:
821:
820:
810:
809:
803:
802:
799:
798:
795:
793:
792:
787:
786:
779:
778:
771:
770:
766:
765:
761:
754:
750:
747:
744:
740:
737:
734:
731:
727:
726:
722:
719:
716:
713:
709:
706:
702:
701:
697:
694:
692:(Noack, 1884)
691:
688:
685:
682:
678:
677:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
654:
653:
650:Distribution
649:
646:
643:
640:
639:
636:
634:
630:
629:Atbarah River
626:
622:
619:thus becomes
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
595:
591:
590:
585:
580:
578:
573:
571:
570:taxonomically
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
536:
534:
532:
530:
524:
520:
516:
514:
508:
506:
505:Dolichohippus
500:
496:
492:
488:
486:
480:
475:
473:
469:
468:
463:
462:
457:
456:
451:
444:
443:
437:
432:
424:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
390:
384:
380:
375:
368:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:areas of the
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:
298:
287:
283:
278:
275:
274:
273:
267:
266:
261:
260:
254:
249:
244:
240:
234:
232:
226:
223:
222:Binomial name
219:
215:
214:
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
197:
194:
193:
190:
189:
185:
182:
181:
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162:
161:
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148:
145:
142:
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138:
135:
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131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
116:
111:
107:
101:
95:
90:
84:
79:
68:
64:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3716:EDGE species
3584:
3365:
3340:
3314:
3305:
3297:T. pinchaque
3296:
3287:
3275:
3243:
3231:
3219:
3207:
3195:
3185:Dicerorhinus
3183:
3172:R. sondaicus
3171:
3163:R. unicornis
3162:
3150:
3125:Ceratomorpha
3123:
3098:
3089:
3080:
3071:
3069:
3060:
3051:
3042:
3034:E. africanus
3033:
3031:
3024:
3022:
3013:
3002:
2993:
2992:Wild horse (
2984:
2982:
2960:
2933:
2804:
2796:
2789:
2780:
2775:Equus scotti
2772:
2764:
2757:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2669:Equus lambei
2666:
2658:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2594:
2586:
2579:
2571:Equus andium
2568:
2560:
2551:
2502:
2490:
2476:
2467:
2455:
2441:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2405:
2396:
2387:
2375:Equus quagga
2374:
2347:
2338:
2328:
2316:
2315:Wild horse (
2289:
2280:
2271:
2262:
2250:
2234:
2224:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2187:
2175:
2159:
2150:
2140:
2131:
2119:
2115:
2098:
2087:
2046:
2042:Equus asinus
2041:
2033:
1996:Equus asinus
1995:
1990:
1970:
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1945:the original
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1919:the original
1909:
1890:
1884:
1836:
1827:
1819:
1813:
1805:
1800:
1792:
1786:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1725:
1718:
1710:
1705:
1697:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1662:
1651:
1622:
1617:
1589:. Retrieved
1585:
1576:
1539:
1536:PLOS Biology
1535:
1524:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1465:
1456:
1452:
1439:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1400:the original
1395:
1366:. Retrieved
1362:the original
1353:
1312:
1308:Wilson, D.E.
1294:
1286:
1254:. Retrieved
1240:
1234:
1228:
1203:
1160:
1149:
1146:In captivity
1125:
1094:
1050:
1046:
1032:
1014:subordinates
999:
995:
986:
962:
910:
904:
903:
870:
869:
852:
848:
817:
813:
791:Equus asinus
789:
784:
783:
782:
767:
759:
753:domesticated
738:
714:
689:
665:
620:
593:
587:
583:
581:
576:
574:
566:Opinion 2027
561:
553:
551:
540:
526:
510:
502:
482:
478:
476:
471:
465:
459:
453:
449:
447:
440:
414:
406:
395:
323:Equus asinus
322:
306:
301:
300:
296:
294:
270:
263:
257:
256:
230:
228:
212:
211:
199:
187:
53:
52:subspecies (
29:
3467:iNaturalist
3423:agulus-esel
3390:Wikispecies
3244:D. bicornis
3073:Hippotigris
3052:E. hemionus
3014:E. caballus
2969:(including
2935:Hippomorpha
2917:Superorder
2911:Infraclass
2549:Prehistoric
2503:Equus grevy
2491:Equus grevy
2456:Equus zebra
2317:Equus ferus
2251:Equus kiang
2021:Wild Equids
1951:16 February
1941:"Zoo Basel"
1925:16 February
1915:"Zoo Basel"
1691:(in German)
1656:(in German)
1542:(8): e241.
1276:(in German)
1256:16 February
1082:Hanover Zoo
1002:territories
751:Worldwide,
597:von Heuglin
592:. The name
589:nomen nudum
523:Pleistocene
513:Hippotigris
369:Description
251:Subspecies
239:von Heuglin
3670:Categories
3600:Q109646818
3315:T. indicus
3288:T. bairdii
3152:Rhinoceros
2831:Wild horse
1874:Reyes, E.
1700:: 100–115.
1459:: 151–163.
1406:8 November
1368:8 November
1200:References
1006:dung heaps
644:Subspecies
455:Dinohippus
448:The genus
429:See also:
399:subspecies
379:Denver Zoo
329:and other
195:Subgenus:
96:Appendix I
3260:Tapiridae
3099:E. grevyi
3081:E. quagga
3070:Subgenus
3043:E. asinus
3023:Subgenus
2983:Subgenus
1778:0962-1083
1591:20 August
1300:Grubb, P.
1152:Zoo Basel
1121:Zoo Basel
647:Phenotype
625:lectotype
461:Plesippus
425:Evolution
243:Fitzinger
207:Species:
133:Kingdom:
127:Eukaryota
3594:Wikidata
3568:Species+
3375:Wikidata
3342:Category
3265:(Tapirs)
3220:C. simum
3090:E. zebra
3061:E. kiang
3050:Onager (
3041:Donkey (
2994:E. ferus
2913:Eutheria
2907:Mammalia
2901:Chordata
2895:Animalia
2893:Kingdom
2386:Quagga (
2337:Tarpan (
2139:Donkey (
1971:ZooBorns
1665:: 11–32.
1641:Archived
1630:Archived
1568:15974804
1508:23803765
1332:62265494
1302:(2005).
1173:See also
1058:chariots
1027:Foal of
992:Behavior
977:Holocene
915:(kiang)
748:Variable
743:Linnaeus
537:Taxonomy
519:Pliocene
383:Colorado
361:. It is
343:Ethiopia
313:family,
173:Family:
157:Mammalia
147:Chordata
143:Phylum:
137:Animalia
123:Domain:
83:IUCN 3.1
3627:8681619
3511:1006120
3459:5787168
3381:Q208140
3277:Tapirus
3233:Diceros
3059:Kiang (
2944:Equidae
2899:Phylum
2877:Extant
2821:Equidae
2554:species
2540:Zebroid
2518:Hybrids
2327:Horse (
2026:Profile
1559:1159165
1516:4318227
1488:Bibcode
1390:Staff.
1128:donkeys
1097:grasses
1090:Germany
1086:Hanover
1066:onagers
1060:on the
983:Habitat
745:, 1758)
347:Somalia
339:Eritrea
327:deserts
315:Equidae
245:, 1866)
183:Genus:
177:Equidae
163:Order:
153:Class:
98: (
81: (
3686:Asinus
3653:239428
3640:926089
3560:239419
3547:519153
3518:NZOR:
3485:926142
3446:328647
3430:ECOS:
3405:ARKive
3026:Asinus
2971:Zebras
2905:Class
2364:Zebras
2306:Horses
2016:ARKive
1897:
1776:
1762:(14).
1733:
1566:
1556:
1514:
1506:
1480:Nature
1330:
1320:
1281:&
1132:burros
1105:leaves
1103:, and
973:Arabia
971:, and
965:Sahara
769:Asinus
611:; the
607:and a
605:donkey
601:hybrid
554:asinus
509:, and
497:, and
495:onager
485:Asinus
357:, and
319:donkey
241:&
200:Asinus
3614:6866B
3534:86260
3472:74315
2986:Equus
2962:Equus
2552:Equus
2530:Kunga
2525:Hinny
2107:Asses
2088:Equus
1982:Notes
1625:(1).
1512:S2CID
1449:(PDF)
1306:. In
1140:Eilat
1054:Sumer
1018:herds
969:Egypt
641:Image
529:Equus
499:kiang
491:kulan
479:Equus
450:Equus
419:zebra
359:Libya
355:Egypt
351:Sudan
337:, in
311:horse
305:) or
188:Equus
100:CITES
94:CITES
3635:ITIS
3622:GBIF
3573:3255
3498:7949
3493:IUCN
3480:ITIS
3454:GBIF
3433:6590
2535:Mule
1953:2013
1927:2013
1895:ISBN
1774:ISSN
1731:ISBN
1593:2021
1564:PMID
1504:PMID
1408:2010
1370:2010
1328:OCLC
1318:ISBN
1258:2022
1241:2015
1130:and
1101:bark
1072:Diet
613:type
527:E. (
521:and
511:E. (
503:E. (
483:E. (
345:and
331:arid
295:The
3609:CoL
3506:MDD
3441:EoL
3418:CMS
2014:at
1764:doi
1638:PDF
1627:HTM
1554:PMC
1544:doi
1496:doi
1484:499
1245:doi
564:in
3672::
3650::
3637::
3624::
3611::
3596::
3570::
3557::
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3482::
3469::
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3420::
3407::
3392::
3377::
3077::
3030::
2990::
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