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rodents could evolve into various predatory roles. Other ideas are seen as somewhat less likely, such as the theropod-like gait used by predatory descendants of baboons (though predatory baboons as an idea isn't considered as unlikely) and the evolution of penguins into huge, whale-like filter-feeders. Some of the animals featured in the book, in particular the popular "night stalker" (a giant and flightless predatory descendant of bats), have inspired numerous similar designs through speculative evolution projects since. Future flightless predatory bats are perhaps most famous for their inclusion within the
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450:. Dixon began to ponder that should the tiger and other endangered animals go extinct, something would inevitably take their place. After seeing a "Save the Whale" badge on a friend in the late 1970s, the idea materialized again. Thinking of what might evolve to take their place if whales did go extinct eventually led to the idea of the giant aquatic penguins in the final book.
446:, particularly the far future creatures featured in the book, to create his own imaginary future animals descended from creatures of the modern day. These animals often served as background characters in Dixon's own retellings of Wells' work. In the 1960s, Dixon was influenced by the contemporary conservationist movements, especially a campaign to save the
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Many of the animals presented in the book remain plausible even in the light of more modern discoveries, with particular examples including the rise of animals that were transported around the world by humans (for instance the rats) to prominent positions within worldwide ecology and that corvids and
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was at the time of its release portrayed in reviews as a book about the extinction of mankind, though Dixon has stated that mankind's end was simply an excuse to discuss evolution, humanity having very little do with the "plot" of the book. Following its success, the book has been translated into a
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as a popular-level book on the processes of evolution that instead of using the past to tell the story projected the processes into the future. After finishing a dummy version of the book, with text and his own illustrations, Dixon took the book to two different publishers in London, both of whom
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was the first large-scale project that went into detail on several species. The fact that Dixon created an entire fictional world, which was then made easily accessible through a book with color illustrations printed by mainstream publishing companies had a large impact and effectively laid the
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on the planet and what adaptations animals living there have, designing new animals descended from modern day ones with the same set of adaptations. Though Dixon made illustrations of his future animals to pitch the project, the final book used illustrations by other artists due to a publisher
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from 5 June to 7 September. The exhibition began with a "time tunnel", which visitors passed through before being met by several dioramas featuring the speculative future animals, including two full-size animatronic figures. According to spokespeople from both museums, the exhibition garnered
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In March 2018, Breakdown Press published a new edition of the book, updated to reflect modern science relating to evolution. The updated version also features new artwork for some of the animals, created by Dixon himself. The release of the new edition was celebrated with an event hosted at
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is not one "of absurd monsters", since Dixon had carefully derived his animals from "the biological reality of the past and present" and had "taken careful note of the biological factors that account for the evolution of lifeforms". The review by
Redmond O'Hanlon in
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790:, Japan in 2021. Running from 20 November 2021 to 23 January 2022, the exhibition featured new models of animals from the book alongside animations of them in natural environments. The exhibition also featured new animals designed for the world of
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positive reactions from visitors. The exhibition also included illustrations Dixon had previously made of a possible future evolutionary path of humanity, previously published under the title
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and Dixon's following books inspired the speculative evolution artistic movement which focuses on speculative scenarios in the evolution of life, often possible future scenarios (such as
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was published by
Breakdown Press in February 2022, featuring 18 additional pages of production material and previously unpublished sketches as well as a new afterword written by Dixon.
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In 1987, an exhibition based on the book and organized by a
Japanese exhibition company, featuring a number of "life"-size models of the animals featured therein, was displayed at the
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explores an imagined future Earth, set 50 million years from the present, hypothesizing what new animals might evolve in the timespan between its setting and the present day.
489:", or "snouters"), included some ideas similar to what was later featured in Dixon's work, such as an animal with a face mimicking a flower (also present on a future bat in
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were highly positive and its success spawned two follow-up speculative evolution books which used new fictional settings and creatures to explain other natural processes:
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and illustrated by several illustrators including Diz Wallis, John Butler, Brian McIntyre, Philip Hood, Roy
Woodard and Gary Marsh. The book features a foreword by
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Over a hundred future animal species are described and illustrated in the book. Major groups include the "rabbucks", versatile descendants of rabbits filling the
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in 1982. Prior to this, a limited version of the exhibition (featuring 8 models rather than the 19 dioramas featured in the 1987 version) had been at the
602:, Dixon realized that there was a market for popular-level books which use fictional examples and settings to explain factual scientific processes. While
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in a science-based radio programme. Cox's review was extremely negative, but subsequent reviews were highly positive. Peter Stoler's review in
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particularly praised the introductionary essays on natural selection, genetics and various other natural processes. Reviews in
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in London on 11 September that same year, which included a joint talk with Dixon and
British paleontologist and science writer
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decision. Dixon created detailed illustrations that the artists followed in the creation of the final artwork featured in
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called the animals in the book "variously amusing or appalling" but "perfectly logical". Dan
Brothwell, writing for the
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that has evolved a wormlike shape and large incisors for chiseling into coniferous trees (hence its name).
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so that readers would at the very least recognize the background inhabited by the various future animals.
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had explained the process of evolution by creating a complex hypothetical future ecosystem, the "sequel"
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used a fictional setting and hypothetical animals to explain the natural processes behind evolution and
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in 1983, in Japan in 1984 and in various locations within the United States from 1985 to 1986.
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that has become the most extensive and the highest chain in the world, greater even than the
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When designing the various animals of the book, Dixon looked at the different types of
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also focused considerably on future environmental changes, something Dixon avoided in
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and text describing their behaviour and interactions with other contemporary animals.
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1172:"Oh no, not another giant predatory flightless bat from the future | ScienceBlogs"
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Although ideas about future creatures had been explored since H. G. Wells's
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over the next few million years through the eyes of future human species
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873:"This book imagines what animals might look like if humans went extinct"
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are applied to create believable creatures, all of which have their own
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927:"Speculative biology: understanding the past and predicting our future"
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at their zenith 50 million years ago; and parts of eastern Africa have
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There are also more bizarre creatures such as the "raboons", gigantic
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rats, the major group of terrestrial predators and descendants of
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1042:"Out Now: the After Man 40th Anniversary Edition by Dougal Dixon"
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One of few major speculative evolution works which preceded
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explores a hypothetical future set 50 million years after
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film. To date, Dixon's 2010 speculative evolution book
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book written by
Scottish geologist and palaeontologist
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Book by the
Scottish geologist and author Dougal Dixon
964:"The Dougal Dixon After Man Event of September 2018"
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1200:"Animal Life of the Future - After Homo Sapiens"
794:by Dixon. The exhibition was then put up at the
728:was unable to use Dixon's original creatures as
416:native to Batavia, the "desert leaper", a giant
1121:. World Science Fiction Society. Archived from
612:(1988) was instead aimed at creating a book on
1375:, Instagram account of the 2021–2022 Japanese
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620:had not gone extinct to explain the process.
576:in the United States and the United Kingdom.
8:
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224:) or alternative paths in the past (such as
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424:and the "chiselhead", a descendant of the
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624:was followed by another project in 1990,
586:In 1982, the book was a finalist for the
244:, having experienced 50 million years of
240:Polish language map of the continents in
1095:"Dixon, Dougal 1947– | Encyclopedia.com"
572:also praised the book and Dixon went on
1681:Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
992:"Giant flightless bats from the future"
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533:was one made by Professor Barry Cox of
1230:. Vol. 568. June 1987. p. 1.
1345:After Man (1990 Japanese documentary)
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1066:"After Man: 40th Anniversary Edition"
389:evolved to fill the aquatic niche of
274:, which Dixon calls the "Posthomic",
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1015:Nastrazzurro, Sigmund (2018-09-01).
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1148:"Speculative Zoology, a Discussion"
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732:had bought and owned the rights to
45:. The cover depicts the Reedstilt (
1021:Furahan Biology and Allied Matters
549:stated that the world depicted in
458:immediately greenlit the project.
436:As a child, Dixon was inspired by
153:After Man: A Zoology of the Future
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802:from 26 March to 7 October 2022.
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1152:Scientific American Blog Network
996:Scientific American Blog Network
906:Scientific American Blog Network
844:Scientific American Blog Network
782:exhibition was organized at the
750:Denver Museum of Natural History
668:(2007–2011) in the form of the "
588:Hugo Award for Best Related Work
483:Bau und Leben der Rhinogradentia
1930:Evolutionary biology literature
902:"Summer 2018 at Tet Zoo Towers"
583:number of different languages.
925:Lydon, Susannah (2018-05-30).
754:California Academy of Sciences
517:A 40th Anniversary Edition of
125:Print (hardback and paperback)
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796:Nagasaki City Dinosaur Museum
557:The Times Literary Supplement
298:have collided and closed the
1935:Evolution in popular culture
1340:at the Tetrapod Zoology blog
1338:, the Initial Pitch Document
1300:. 2022-02-10. Archived from
1040:Freeman, John (2022-04-20).
330:to form a new island called
1764:Natural History of an Alien
1476:Natural History of an Alien
784:Fukuoka City Science Museum
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270:In this new period of the
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1330:on Dougal Dixon's website
598:Following the success of
184:succeeding our own time.
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1243:"Visions of Man Evolved"
968:Tetrapod Zoology Podcast
94:Granada Publishing (UK)
25:A Zoology of the Future
1925:1981 non-fiction books
1228:The Academy Newsletter
1146:Naish, Darren (2018).
759:Visions of Man Evolved
636:genetically engineered
408:-esque descendants of
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174:extinction of humanity
49:), a tall fish-eating
1960:Books by Dougal Dixon
1945:Speculative evolution
1940:Books about evolution
1603:The Flight of Dragons
1548:speculative evolution
1414:Speculative evolution
1198:Accola, John (1987).
652:speculative evolution
535:King's College London
426:eastern gray squirrel
248:since the present day
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158:speculative evolution
85:Speculative evolution
1099:www.encyclopedia.com
529:The first review of
180:from survivors of a
1844:Primeval: New World
712:documentary and an
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618:non-avian dinosaurs
477:, German zoologist
261:evolutionary theory
47:Harundopes virgatus
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1804:The Future Is Wild
1772:The Future Is Wild
1579:Last and First Men
1483:The Future Is Wild
1294:"アフターマン展 〜未来生物図鑑〜"
1268:dougal-dixon.co.uk
1204:chicagotribune.com
1119:"1982 Hugo Awards"
726:The Future is Wild
690:The Future is Wild
677:The Future is Wild
381:, and other large
314:has collided with
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43:St. Martin's Press
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1657:The New Dinosaurs
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1441:The New Dinosaurs
622:The New Dinosaurs
609:The New Dinosaurs
546:British Book News
343:ecological niches
288:Mediterranean Sea
246:continental drift
226:The New Dinosaurs
205:The New Dinosaurs
192:natural selection
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338:and Batavia.
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316:Southern Asia
313:
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304:South America
301:
300:Bering Strait
297:
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19:
1879:Dougal Dixon
1852:Alien Worlds
1850:
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1796:Alien Planet
1794:
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1713:Ology series
1711:
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1611:Dragon's Egg
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1587:The Snouters
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1490:Alien Worlds
1488:
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1468:Collaborator
1455:
1447:
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1432:
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1418:Dougal Dixon
1376:
1366:
1360:
1344:
1335:
1325:
1306:. Retrieved
1302:the original
1297:
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1272:the original
1267:
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1236:
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1203:
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1175:
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1151:
1127:. Retrieved
1123:the original
1113:
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1098:
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1069:
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1045:
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1020:
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995:
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967:
934:. Retrieved
931:The Guardian
930:
920:
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905:
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876:
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614:zoogeography
607:
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579:
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569:BBC Wildlife
567:
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555:
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516:
511:
508:Darren Naish
500:
490:
482:
474:
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467:
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454:
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441:
435:
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379:rhinoceroses
340:
269:
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209:
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199:
187:
186:
169:
162:Dougal Dixon
152:
151:
150:
67:Dougal Dixon
46:
18:
1904:H. G. Wells
1847:(2012–2013)
1823:(2007–2011)
1705:Dragonology
1574:(1912–1948)
1555:Early works
1264:"After Man"
846:(Interview)
769:Newquay Zoo
744:Exhibitions
710:stop-motion
700:Adaptations
504:Conway Hall
438:H. G. Wells
432:Development
336:archipelago
208:(1988) and
41:edition by
1919:Categories
1899:Peter Ward
1828:Terra Nova
1812:Dinosapien
1756:Television
1737:Greenworld
1673:Expedition
1633:Literature
1457:Greenworld
1379:exhibition
1369:exhibition
1308:2022-04-27
1209:2019-08-15
1181:2019-08-15
1157:2019-08-16
1129:2010-04-19
1104:2019-08-16
1075:2022-04-27
1051:2022-04-27
1026:2019-08-15
1001:2019-08-15
973:2018-09-23
936:2018-09-23
911:2019-08-14
850:2018-09-21
806:References
719:Greenworld
393:; and the
383:herbivores
290:; whereas
196:ecosystems
156:is a 1981
1697:Evolution
1649:Galápagos
1641:After Man
1433:After Man
1416:works by
1377:After Man
1367:After Man
1362:After Man
1336:After Man
1327:After Man
877:The Verge
792:After Man
780:After Man
738:Paramount
734:After Man
706:After Man
694:After Man
686:After Man
682:After Man
647:After Man
645:in 1895,
604:After Man
600:After Man
580:After Man
551:After Man
531:After Man
525:Reception
519:After Man
512:After Man
491:After Man
475:After Man
468:After Man
455:After Man
395:predatory
391:cetaceans
375:musk oxen
363:elephants
328:split off
324:Himalayas
312:Australia
253:After Man
242:After Man
222:After Man
218:After Man
200:After Man
188:After Man
170:After Man
91:Publisher
39:paperback
22:After Man
1836:Mermaids
1820:Primeval
1507:Category
1278:27 April
800:Nagasaki
773:Cornwall
714:animated
665:Primeval
481:'s 1957
418:kangaroo
406:theropod
387:penguins
367:giraffes
359:antelope
355:giraffes
320:Far East
272:Cenozoic
214:(1990).
73:Language
1950:Lemuria
1571:Barsoom
1298:NBC長崎放送
882:12 June
788:Fukuoka
662:series
422:dipodid
410:baboons
332:Lemuria
257:Ecology
232:Summary
178:evolved
76:English
55:Eurasia
1855:(2020)
1839:(2012)
1831:(2011)
1815:(2007)
1807:(2007)
1799:(2005)
1791:(2005)
1783:(2004)
1775:(2002)
1767:(1998)
1748:(2012)
1740:(2010)
1732:(2006)
1724:(2005)
1700:(2002)
1692:(2001)
1684:(2001)
1676:(1990)
1668:(1990)
1660:(1988)
1652:(1985)
1644:(1981)
1614:(1980)
1606:(1979)
1598:(1976)
1590:(1961)
1582:(1930)
1566:(1895)
1460:(2010)
1452:(1990)
1444:(1988)
1436:(1981)
1352:
778:A new
594:Legacy
463:biomes
448:tigers
420:-like
351:zebras
280:Africa
276:Europe
63:Author
51:talpid
1425:Books
1246:(PDF)
371:moose
284:fused
282:have
130:Pages
81:Genre
53:from
1350:IMDb
1280:2022
1250:Omni
884:2018
764:Omni
566:and
540:Time
399:rats
357:and
347:deer
294:and
292:Asia
278:and
259:and
139:ISBN
109:1981
99:(US)
1348:at
798:in
786:in
771:in
761:in
672:".
660:ITV
345:of
133:128
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57:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
