Age disparity in sexual relationships

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the theory that people prefer to marry close to the age when female fertility is at its highest (24–25 years). Analysing the results further, cross culturally, the average age females prefer to marry is 25.4 years old, and they prefer a mate 3.4 years older than themselves, therefore their preferred mate would be aged 28.8 years of age. Males however prefer to marry when they are 27.5 years old, and a female to be 2.7 years younger than themselves, yielding their preferred mate to be 24.8 years old. The results from the study therefore show that the mean preferred marriage age difference (3.04 years averaging male and female preferred age) corresponds very closely with the actual mean marriage age difference (2.99). The preferred age of females is 24.8 years and the actual average age females marry is 25.3 years old (and 28.2 for males) which actually falls directly on the age where females are most

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males marrying females younger than them. A more recent study has supported these findings, conducted by Schwarz and Hassebrauck. This study used 21,245 participants between 18 and 65 years of age who were not involved in a close relationship. As well as asking participants a number of questions on mate selection criteria, they also had to provide the oldest and youngest partner they would accept. It was found that for all ages males were willing to accept females that are slightly older than they are (on average 4.5 years older), but they accept females considerably younger than their own age (on average 10 years younger). Females demonstrate a complementary pattern, being willing to accept older males (on average 8 years older) and were also willing to accept males younger than themselves (on average 5 years younger). This is somewhat different to our close evolutionary relatives:

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conservatism, age, and number of sexual partners. For example, US Census data show an exaggerated sex ratio in African American communities, whereby there were 100 African American women for every 89 African American men. It was shown that African American women were more likely to be in age-hypogamous or age-hypergamous marriages in comparison with White American women. However, more recent evidence has found that women belonging to racial categories besides African American or White were more likely to sleep with younger men, showing that it is still unclear which, if any, ethnic groups are more likely to have age-hypogamous relationships.

1568:. The opposite term, "trophy husband", does not have an agreed-upon use, but is becoming more common: some use the term to refer to the attractive stay-at-home husband of a much more famous man or woman; others use it to refer to the husband of a trophy wife, as he is her trophy due to his wealth and prestige. In the latter case, the term trophy is broadened to include any substantial difference in power originating from physical appearance, wealth, or status. The trophy label is often perceived as objectifying the partner, with or without the partner's implicit consent. 1685: 1302:

stress on reproduction for survival. Additionally, it is common to see monogamous relationships widely in more modern societies as there are more women in the marriage market, and polygamy is illegal throughout most industrialized countries, while in less developed countries it is more likely to be accepted (polygamy is most common in the "polygamy belt" region in West and Central Africa). The average age difference between husband and wife is 6.4 years in polygamous countries, compared to only 2.8 years in monogamous countries.

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their male partner. This economic approach to choosing a partner ultimately depends on the marital or family system that is adopted by society. Women and men tend to seek a partner that will fit in with their society's sexual division of labour. For example, a marital system based on males being the provider and females the domestic worker, favours an age gap in the relationship. An older male is more likely to have more resources to provide to the family.

7021: 649:, and migration patterns. Another explanation concerns cultural values: the higher the value placed in having children, the higher the age gap will be. Yet Canadian researchers have found that age-disparate couples are less likely to have children than similarly aged ones. As people have chosen to marry later and remarriage becomes more common, the age differences between couples have increased as well. 7047: 7034: 1306:

European countries. In some countries in Europe such as France, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Norway, Estonia, Finland and Denmark, 20–30% of women aged 20–34 are cohabiting as opposed to legally marrying. In addition to this with the gender pay gap decreasing, more women work equal hours (average of 40 hours in Europe and the US) to males and look less for males with financial resources.

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to have more parental investment). Thus, both sexes will have to compete and be selective in mate choices. These two theories explain why natural and sexual selection acts slightly differently on the two sexes so that they display different preferences. For example, different age preferences may be a result of sex differences in mate values assigned to the partner's sex at those ages.

614:, completed and released the results of a study on age disparity in heterosexual dating. Dunn concluded that "Not once across all ages and countries ... did females show a preference for males significantly younger than male preferences for females" and that there was a "consistent cross-cultural preference by women for at least same-age or significantly older men". A 2003 1419:

and subjective happiness. It has also been suggested that male partners engaging in age-hypogamous relationships are choosing beauty over age. A 2001 study found that when shown pictures of women of ages ranging from 20 to 45 with different levels of apparent attractiveness, regardless of age, men chose the more "attractive" individuals as long-term partners.

979:, found that young women tend to find men their own age or slightly older most desirable, e.g. 20-year-old women found 23-year-old men most attractive and 30-year-old women found 30-year-old men most attractive. In contrast, men displayed a consistent preference for women in their early 20s, e.g. 50-year-od men found 22-year-old women most attractive. 675:

established men their age or older. The study found very few instances of older women pursuing much younger men and vice versa. The study has been criticized, however, for limiting their results to online dating profiles, which are traditionally not used by those seeking older or younger partners, and for excluding the United States from the study.

1288:(diverse) genetics from different females to offspring. When disease is prevalent, if a male is producing offspring with a more diverse range of alleles, offspring will be more likely to withstand mortality from disease and continue the family line. Another reason that polygynous communities have larger age-gaps between spouses is that 1439:" to determine whether an age difference is "socially acceptable" holds that a person should never date someone whose age is less than half their own plus seven years. According to this rule, a 28-year-old would date no one younger than 21 (half of 28, plus 7) and a 50-year-old would date no one younger than 32 (half of 50, plus 7). 49: 1372:

Older female–younger male relationships are increasingly researched by social scientists. Slang terms such as "cougar" have been used in films, TV shows and the media to depict older females with younger male mates. The picture often displays a stereotypical pairing of a divorced, middle-aged, white,

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problems including using fewer resources to access a mate. Although there are a number of reproductive advantages to short-term mating, males still pursue long-term mates, and this is due to the possibility of monopolizing a female's lifetime reproductive resources. Consistent with findings, for both

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Buss and Schmitt stress that although long-term mating relationships are common for humans, there are both short-term and long-term mating relationships. Buss and Schmitt provided a Sexual Strategies Theory that describes the two sexes as having evolved distinct psychological mechanisms that underlie

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Theory) provides an explanation for the above mechanisms and strategies adopted by individuals, leading to age disparity in relationships. Life history theory posits that individuals have to divide energy and resources between activities (as energy and resources devoted to one task cannot be used for

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Most heterosexual men marry women younger than they are, with the difference being between two and three years in Spain, the UK reporting the difference to be on average about three years, and the US, two and a half. The pattern was also confirmed for the rest of the world, with the gap being largest

372:, including what defines an age disparity, have developed over time and vary among societies. Differences in age preferences for mates can stem from partner availability, gender roles, and evolutionary mating strategies, and age preferences in sexual partners may vary cross-culturally. There are also 1301:

In Western societies such as the US and Europe, there is a trend of smaller age-gaps between spouses, reaching its peak average in Southern Europe of 3.3 years. Using the same pathogen-stress model, there is a lower prevalence of disease in these economically developed areas, and therefore a reduced

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attributed the male preference for younger females to certain youthful cues. In females, relative youth and apparent physical attractiveness (which males valued more than females did) demonstrated cues for fertility and high reproductive capacity. Buss stated the specific age preference of around 25

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investigated heterosexual sex differences in mate preferences in 37 cultures with 10,047 participants. In all 37 cultures it was found that males preferred females younger than themselves and females preferred males older than themselves. These age preferences were confirmed in marriage records with

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study, it has been noted that the social structure of a country determines the age difference between spouses more than any other factor. One of the concerns of relationships with age disparities in some cultures is a perceived difference between people of different age ranges. These differences may

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are often relevant. Adolescent boys are generally sexually interested in adolescent girls and women somewhat older than they are. Older men also display an interest in women of their own age. However, research suggests that relationship patterns are more influenced by women's preferences than men's.

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A 2000 study found that the rule was fairly accurate at describing the minimum age of a woman that a man would marry or date. However, the rule was not found to be descriptive of the minimum age of a man that a woman would marry or date, nor (by reversing the formula) of the maximum age that either

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has found that women in age-hypogamous relationships are more satisfied and the most committed in their relationships than are younger women or similarly aged partners. Similarly, a 2023 study found that women with younger male partners scored higher in emotional intelligence, sexual self-efficacy,

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It is thought that a trade-off or equilibrium is reached, in regard to what each gender brings to a heterosexual partnership, and that this equilibrium is most likely to be reached with a trade-off of ages when selecting a mate. Women trade youth and physical attractiveness for economic security in

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attributed the older age preference to older males displaying characteristics of high providing-capacity such as status and resources. In terms of short-term and long-term mating, females tend to be oriented towards long-term mating due to the costs incurred from short-term mating. Although some of

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perspective, females that display these cues are judged to be more capable of reproductive investment. This notion of age preference due to peak fertility is supported by Kenrick, Keefe, Gabrielidis, and Cornelius's study, which found that although teenage males would accept a mate slightly younger

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among members of the lower investing sex (generally males) over the parental investment of the higher investing sex (generally females) who will be more selective in their mate choice. However, human males tend to have more parental investment than do other mammal males (although females still tend

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concluded that the proportion of women in England and Wales marrying younger men rose from 15% to 26% between 1963 and 1998. Another study also showed a higher divorce rate as the age difference rose for when either the woman was older or the man was older. A 2008 study, however, concluded that the

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Cross-culturally, research has consistently supported the trend in which males prefer to mate with younger females, and females with older males, in heterosexual relationships. In a cross-cultural study that covered 37 countries, preferences for age differences were measured and research supported

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Parental Investment Theory refers to the value that is placed on a potential mate based on reproductive potential and reproductive investment. The theory predicts that preferred mate choices have evolved to focus on reproductive potential and reproductive investment of members of the opposite sex.

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Heterosexual relationships with age disparities have been observed with both men and women as the older or younger partner. In various cultures, older men and younger women often seek one another for sexual or marital relationships. Older women sometimes date younger men as well, and in both cases

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In contrast to above, in short-term mating, females will tend to favour males that demonstrate physical attractiveness, as this displays cues of "good genes". Cues of good genes tend to be typically associated with older males such as facial masculinity and cheek-bone prominence. Buss and Schmitt

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model or the analysis of demographic trends in a society. The rational choice model suggests that people look for partners who can provide for them in their life (bread-winners); as men earn more as they get older, their partners will therefore prefer older men. This factor is diminishing as more

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As access to education increases worldwide, the age of marriage increases with it, with more of the youth staying in education for longer. The mean age of marriage in Europe is well above 25, and averaging at 30 in Nordic countries, however this may also be due to the increase of cohabitation in

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study, it has been noted that the social structure of a country determines the age difference between spouses more than any other factor, challenging evolutionary explanations. In regard to mate selection, social structural theory supports the idea that individuals aim to maximise what they can

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in 2010 concluded that heterosexual men and women, in general, continued to follow traditional gender roles when searching for mates. The study found that, as supported by other academic studies, most men preferred younger, "attractive" women, while most women, of any age, preferred successful,

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There is debate in the literature as to what leads to age-hypogamy in sexual relationships. A number of variables have been argued to influence the likelihood of women entering into an age-hypogamous relationship, such as racial or ethnic background, level of education, income, marital status,

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competition for females increases as fewer females remain on the marriage market (with males having more than one wife each), therefore the competitive advantage values younger females due to their higher reproductive value. As the competition for younger women becomes more common, the age in

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However, in some regions of the world there is a substantially larger age gap between heterosexual marriage partners in that males are much older than their wife (or wives) or women are much younger than their husband (or husbands). A theory that can explain this finding from an evolutionary

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Another example illustrating the varying literature surrounding age-hypogamous relationships is research indicating that a woman's marital status can influence her likelihood of engaging in age-hypogamous relationships. Married women are less likely to be partnered with younger men than are

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Social structural origin theory argues that the underlying cause of sex-differentiated behaviour is the concentration of men and women in differing roles in society. It has been argued that a reason gender roles are so prevalent in society is that the expectations of gender roles can become

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This rule implies that the younger individual should be at least 14 years older than the difference between the two ages and the older individual should be at least 14 years older than twice their age difference. For example, a couple with a 10-year age gap must be aged at least 24 and 34

1498:: "Haven't you ever heard that the girl is supposed to be half the man's age, plus seven?" Despite this, there are contemporary sources indicating that a woman falling below this target age was still considered inappropriate, or otherwise a hindrance to the relationship. For example, in 376:

for age differences in relationships as well as suggested reasons for 'alternative' age-hypogamous relationships. Age-disparate relationships have been documented for most of recorded history and have been regarded with a wide range of attitudes dependent on sociocultural norms and

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model also suggests that people look for partners who can provide for them in their life (bread-winners); as men traditionally earn more as they get older, heterosexual women will therefore prefer older men. This factor is diminishing as more women enter the labour force and the

668:" trend, in which older women date much younger men, is often portrayed in the media as a widespread and established facet of modern Western culture, at least one academic study has found the concept to be a "myth". A British psychological study published in 1268:

which explains that an increase of infectious disease can cause humans to evolve selectively according to these pressures. Evidence also shows that as disease risk gets higher, it puts a level of stress on mating selection and increases the use of

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In regions such as the Caribbean and Latin America there is a lower SMAM difference than expected; however, there are also a large proportion of partners living in consensual unions; 24% in Brazil, 20% in Nicaragua and 18% in Dominican Republic.

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Antfolk, Jan; Salo, Benny; Alanko, Katarina; Bergen, Emilia; Corander, Jukka; Sandnabba, N. Kenneth; Santtila, Pekka (2015). "Women's and men's sexual preferences and activities with respect to the partner's age: evidence for female choice".

1280:, and that males range from 6.1 to 9.2 years older than their partners; 16 of the 20 countries with the largest age-gaps are in Africa. In regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa the use of polygyny is commonly practiced as a consequence of high 779:. Males tend to appear oriented towards short-term mating (greater desire for short-term mates than women, prefer larger number of sexual partners, and take less time to consent to sexual intercourse) and this appears to solve a number of 1571:

Where the primary perceived reason for a relationship with a significant age difference is sexual, many gender-specific terms have become popular in English-speaking cultures. A woman of middle to elderly age who pursues younger men is a

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In English-speaking countries, where financial disparity and an exchange of money for companionship is perceived as central to these relationships, the elder (presumably more wealthy) partner is often called a "sugar daddy" or

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Marriage Statistics Department measures the singulate mean age at marriage (SMAM) difference, the difference in average age at first marriage between men and women, across the main regions in the world (refer to Table. 1).

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A 2011 study suggested that marriage of younger men by women is positively correlated with decreased longevity, particularly for the woman, though married individuals generally still have longer lifespans than singles.

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non-married women. More recent findings suggest that previously married women are more likely to engage in an age-hypogamous sexual relationships than are women who are married or who have never been married.

947:). They also tend to have a more difficult task of evaluating a male's reproductive value accurately based on physical appearance, as age tends to have fewer constraints on a male's reproductive resources. 3387:

Scheib, J. E., Gangestad, S. W., & Thornhill, R. (1999). Facial Attractiveness, Symmetry and Cues of Good Genes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 266(1431), 1913–1917

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Kenrick, Douglas; Keefe, Richard; Gabrielidis, Cristina; Comelius, Jeffrey (1996). "Adolescents' Age Preferences for Dating Partners: Support for an Evolutionary Model of Life-History Strategies".

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A 2011 study suggested that age disparity in marriage is positively correlated with decreased longevity, particularly for women, though married people still have longer lifespans than singles.

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Although age-hypogamous relationships have historically been very infrequent, recent US census data has shown an increase in age-hypogamous relationships from 6.4% in 2000 to 7.7% in 2012.

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Sexual double standards in society, in particular, may account for their rarity. In many contexts, aging in women is seen to be associated with decreased sex appeal and dating potential.

992:, however, this assumes that people are having children immediately after marrying. Moreover, these patterns fit many proposed explanations for age differences: evolutionarily adapted 960:

found similar female preferences for long-term mating which supports the notion that, for long-term relationships, females prefer cues of high resource capacity, one of which is age.

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Alarie, Milaine; Carmichael, Jason. T. (2015). "The "Cougar" Phenomenon: An Examination of the Factors That Influence Age-Hypogamous Sexual Relationships Among Middle-Aged Women".

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Alarie, Milaine; Carmichael, Jason T. (2015). ""The "Cougar phenomenon: An Examination of the Factors That Influence Age-Hypogamous Sexual Relationships Among Middle-Aged Women".

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Kenrick, D.; Keefe, R.; Gabrielidis, C.; Cornelius, J. (1996). "Adolescents' Age Preferences for Dating Partners: Support for an Evolutionary Model of Life-History Strategies".

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years implied that fertility was a stronger ultimate cause of mate preference than reproductive value as data suggested that fertility peaks in females around mid-20s. From a

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may complicate this even further. Socially, a society with a difference in wealth distribution between older and younger people may affect the dynamics of the relationship.

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than they are, there was a wider range of preference for ages above their own. Teenage males also report that their ideal mates would be several years older than they are.

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Partner age disparities are typically met with some disdain in industrialized nations, and there are various derogatory terms for participants in these relationships.

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Schmitt, D. P.; Shackelford, T. K.; Buss, D. M. (2001). "Are men really more'oriented'toward short-term mating than women? A critical review of theory and research".

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and impairing long-term mate value), the costs for women will be more severe due to paternity uncertainty (cues of multiple mates will be disfavoured by males).

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Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex Differences in Human Mate Preferences: Evolutionary Hypotheses Tested in 37 Cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12(01), 1–14

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from 1901 gives the rule in the format "A man should marry a woman half his age, plus seven." A similar interpretation is also present in the 1951 play

4448: 750:. Male chimpanzees tend to prefer older females than younger and it is suggested that specific cues of female mate value are very different to humans. 6593: 351: 200: 6881: 6483: 2248: 730: 4791: 245: 5174: 4917: 3917: 2381: 2190: 1777:"Married Couple Family Groups, By Presence Of Own Children Under 18, And Age, Earnings, Education, And Race And Hispanic Origin Of Both Spouses" 611: 1628:

term for women) are generally used to label an older man pursuing younger women, and the younger woman in such a relationship may be called a

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Bjorklund, D. F.; Shackelford, T. K. (1999). "Differences in parental investment contribute to important differences between men and women".

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Timeus, I.M.; Reynar, A. (1998). "Polygynists and their wives in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of five Demographic and Health Surveys".

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In many early sources, the rule was not only heterosexual- and gender-specific, but was primarily presented as a formula to calculate the

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Casterline, John; Williams, Lindy; McDonald, Peter (1986). "The Age Difference Between Spouses: Variations among Developing Countries".

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Casterline, John; Williams, Lindy; McDonald, Peter (1986). "The Age Difference Between Spouses: Variations among Developing Countries".

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provide in the relationship in an environment that is limiting their utilities through expected gender roles in society and marriage.

144: 119: 6393: 5535: 5508: 5478: 5419: 5360: 5333: 5269: 5238: 5211: 5147: 5020: 4559: 3761:

Eagly, Alice. H.; Wood, Wendy (1999). "The Origins of Sex Differences in Human Behavior: Evolved Dispositions Versus Social roles".

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Luke, N. (2005). "Confronting the 'Sugar Daddy' Stereotype: Age and Economic Asymmetries and Risky Sexual Behavior in Urban Kenya".

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Luke, N (2005). "Confronting the 'Sugar Daddy' Stereotype: Age and Economic Asymmetries and Risky Sexual Behavior in Urban Kenya".

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Li, N. P.; Kenrick, D. T. (2006). "Sex similarities and differences in preferences for short-term mates: what, whether, and why".

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affluent female dating a younger male with the relationship taking the form of a non-commitment arrangement between the partners.

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the strategies for short- and long-term mating. This theory is directly relevant and compatible with those two already mentioned,

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may be applied to them, cautioning older partners against involvement. An older term for any licentious or lascivious man is a

217: 188: 165: 114: 6886: 6801: 6331: 4705: 3639: 1404:. The couple married in 2007; at the time he was 30 years old and she 54, with a 24-year age-hypogamous gap between the pair. 6846: 6508: 5901: 5838: 1776: 1458: 953: 603: 156: 5880: 5114: 4565: 4523: 4423: 6958: 6643: 6623: 6560: 6011: 5821: 3205:

Kenrick, D. T.; Keefe, R. C. (1992). "Age preferences in mates reflect sex differences in human reproductive strategies".

1414: 344: 300: 227: 169: 149: 134: 3656: 2577:"Universal sex differences in online advertisers age preferences: comparing data from 14 cultures and 2 religious groups" 6806: 6578: 6398: 6021: 5989: 5897: 4941:"I've been a sugar baby for 7 years, but my life is not what people assume. Here's why I want to share the truth online" 2273:

Zhang, Xu; Polachek, Solomon W. (October 2007). "The Husband-Wife Age Gap at First Marriage: A Cross-Country Analysis".

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Friedman, A.; Weinberg, H.; Pines, A.M. (1998). "Sexuality and motherhood: Mutually exclusive in perception of women".

4028:""They're the Ones Chasing the Cougar": Relationship Formation in the Context of Age-Hypogamous Intimate Relationships" 2407: 2302: 1442:

Although the provenance of the rule is unclear, it is sometimes said to have originated in France. The rule appears in

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may be used. If the much-younger target of affections is not of the legal age of consent or appears as such, the term

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Age-hypogamy defines a heterosexual relationship where the woman is the older partner, the opposite of this being age-

124: 101: 1549:". In extreme cases, a person who marries a wealthy older partner – especially one in poor health – may be called a " 630:

There are complex and diverse reasons that people enter into age-disparate relationships, and a recent review in the

7074: 6513: 6383: 6363: 6142: 5887: 1738: 205: 90: 6413: 4344:"Commitment in Age-Gap Heterosexual Romantic Relationships: A Test of Evolutionary and Socio-Cultural Predictions" 6933: 6904: 6791: 6705: 6613: 6588: 6378: 6154: 5500: 5291: 3302: 391: 222: 183: 40: 4266:

Darroch, J. E.; Landry, D.J.; Oslak, S. (1999). "Age differences between sexual partners in the United States".

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Young, J. A.; Critelli, J. W.; Keith, K. W. (2005). "Male age preferences for short-term and long-term mating".

6826: 6710: 6583: 6403: 6336: 6198: 6171: 6026: 5801: 5764: 5074: 2477: 1525: 1475: 1024: 337: 278: 4974:"Explained: Who is a gold digger — the derogatory expression used to describe a certain kind of greedy woman?" 3164: 5666: 5037: 4940: 4391:"Women with younger male partners might have more fulfilling relationships than women with same-age partners" 943:

As they are the higher-investing sex, females tend to be more demanding when picking a mate (as predicted by

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in Africa. However, the number of women marrying younger men is rising. A study released in 2003 by the UK's

6990: 6831: 6697: 6523: 6503: 6493: 6308: 6288: 6159: 6147: 6137: 5994: 5726: 5012: 1652: 594: 325: 4343: 3404: 1427: 1390: 6948: 6943: 6918: 6866: 6861: 6701: 6693: 6684: 6679: 6648: 6540: 6326: 6263: 6016: 5935: 4075:"Sleeping With Younger Men: Women's Accounts of Sexual Interplay in Age-Hypogamous Intimate Relationships" 3341: 2763: 2576: 2274: 1690: 1276:

Table 2 shows that 17 of the 20 countries with the largest age-gaps between heterosexual spouses practice

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Berardo, F. M., Appel, J., & Berardo, D. H. (1993). Age dissimilar marriages: Review and assessment.

2244: 6975: 6938: 6745: 6740: 6715: 6443: 6423: 6273: 6193: 6166: 6097: 5865: 1289: 709: 6836: 2350: 5164: 6928: 6735: 6720: 6688: 6675: 6536: 6448: 6316: 6283: 6258: 6112: 6076: 5970: 5940: 5759: 4907: 3889: 3039: 2860: 2649: 2588: 2373: 2162: 2110: 1981: 1708: 1508:, the rule is cited immediately before a woman is described as being "too young , and she can wait." 1366: 704:

identified a further two mechanisms which are important factors in the evolution of sex differences (

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from 1879 states the opinion "A wife should be half the age of her husband with seven years added."

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showed vast differences across contexts. Explanations for age disparity usually focus on either the

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There may be many reasons why age-hypogamous relationships have been less frequent until recently

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Yampolsky, Lev Y(Jul 2003) Life History Theory. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester.

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Schwartz, C. R. (2013). "Trends and variation in assortative mating: Causes and consequences".

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selection and intersexual choice due to differences in parental investment; typically there is

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Schwarz, S.; Hassebrauck, M. (2012). "Sex and age differences in mate-selection preferences".

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Despite social views depicting age-hypogamous relationships as short lived, a 2008 study from

780: 705: 693: 295: 85: 5255: 5006: 4478: 2698: 793:

Table 1. Regional singulate mean age of marriage (SMAM) difference between males and females

6245: 6186: 6117: 5975: 5918: 5681: 5632: 5609: 5563: 4882: 4836: 4355: 4275: 4240: 4190: 4140: 4086: 4039: 3948: 3901: 3870: 3830: 3770: 3732: 3689: 3602: 3547: 3539: 3493: 3457: 3429:"Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures". 3351: 3279: 3252: 3214: 3179: 3114: 3087: 3047: 2992: 2960: 2914: 2868: 2817: 2773: 2596: 2541: 2511: 2450: 2174: 2118: 2071: 2030: 2020: 1989: 1920: 1885: 1394: 1328: 989: 969: 713: 697: 653: 646: 4231:

Atkinson, M. P.; Glass, B. L. (1985). "Marital age heterogamy and homogamy, 1900 to 1980".

1802:"Distribution of the Difference in Age Between Couples at First Marriage(a), 1974 and 1995" 7084: 6985: 6876: 6841: 6750: 6638: 6532: 6488: 6468: 6341: 6057: 6036: 5791: 5598:"Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures" 5440: 4912: 4709: 2949:"Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures" 2814: 2629: 2337: 1758: 1640: 1556:

An attractive younger woman pursued by a wealthy man who is perceived as wanting her only

1495: 1464: 1401: 1397: 1345: 642: 637: 373: 260: 1781:

U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplement

5069: 4591: 3043: 2864: 2851:

Stearns, S. C. (2000). "Life history evolution: successes, limitations, and prospects".

2592: 2245:"The Rise of Intermarriage - Page 3 | Pew Social & Demographic Trends - Page 3" 2114: 2098: 2035: 2008: 1985: 784:

short-term and long-term mates, males prefer younger females (reproductively valuable).

6478: 6458: 6368: 6061: 5953: 5828: 5381: 4545: 3552: 3527: 2600: 2122: 1993: 1889: 1574: 1350: 701: 689: 665: 320: 4870: 2059: 2009:"Age Limits: Men's and Women's Youngest and Oldest Considered and Actual Sex Partners" 1673:

have come to commonly describe an elderly man who makes passes at much younger women.

1646: 7068: 6980: 6923: 6913: 6473: 6293: 6253: 6249: 6240: 6083: 6052: 6041: 6031: 5958: 5860: 5754: 4848: 4641: 4375: 4359: 4202: 4152: 4059: 3970: 3913: 3226: 2462: 2186: 2138: 2075: 1561: 1483: 1436: 378: 4131:

Kaklamanidou, N. (2012). "Pride and prejudice: Celebrity versus fictional cougars".

4114: 3709: 3622: 3371: 2926: 2888: 2623:

The 'Cougar' concept: older women preying on younger men is a myth, claim scientists

6770: 6071: 6048: 4796: 4702: 4074: 3012: 2793: 2754:

Geary, D. C.; Vigil, J.; Byrd-Craven, J. (2004). "Evolution of human mate choice".

1703: 1698: 1542: 1499: 1443: 1285: 658: 5643:

McKenzie, Lara (2021). "Age-dissimilar couple relationships: 25 years in review".

4090: 5103: 4549: 4517: 4144: 3991: 618:

study reported that only 34% of women over 39 years old were dating younger men.

6909: 6821: 6765: 6603: 6388: 6087: 5906: 5685: 5169: 4415: 3834: 3693: 3497: 3183: 2515: 1718: 1565: 1550: 973: 734: 232: 5652: 5636: 3774: 3355: 3091: 6856: 6851: 6568: 6303: 5843: 5614: 5597: 5203: 4194: 4027: 3614: 3590: 3283: 3256: 3218: 3052: 3027: 2996: 2965: 2948: 2777: 1680: 1546: 948: 758: 747: 742: 17: 4490: 4367: 4218:

Race and Hispanic or Latino origin by age and sex for the United States: 2000

4098: 4051: 4043: 3940: 2608: 2374:"New Study Claims No Cougar Trend, Dating Websites Attempt To Show Otherwise" 2130: 2083: 2025: 1293:

females' first marriage lower as older men seek younger and younger females.

6518: 5352:

The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English

5230:

The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English

4840: 3952: 2918: 2821: 2294: 1713: 1362: 964: 4295: 4106: 3744: 3561: 3543: 3462: 3445: 3363: 3061: 3004: 2880: 2785: 2561: 2326:

Ben Wilson and Steve Smallwood, "Age differences at marriage and divorce",

2044: 1847: 712:(involves competition with those of the same sex over access to mates) and 641:

women enter the labor force. The demographic trends are concerned with the

5695: 5257:

The Chicktionary: From A-line to Z-snap, the words every woman should know

3905: 3701: 3680:

Feingold, A (1994). "Gender differences in personality: A meta-analysis".

3191: 3134: 2872: 2408:"Marrying a younger man increases a woman's mortality rate | Science" 2178: 1897: 1634: 1620: 6970: 6730: 6435: 1924: 1728: 1658: 1277: 1270: 5411:

The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English

4678: 3576:"Polygamy is rare around the world and mostly confined to a few regions" 1664: 1600: 692:, attempts to explain age disparity in sexual relationships in terms of 6871: 5623:

Buss, D. M.; Barnes, M. (1986). "Preferences in human mate selection".

5567: 4886: 4825:"Ideal Standards in Close Relationships: Their Structure and Functions" 4287: 3874: 3165:"Sexual strategies theory: an evolutionary perspective on human mating" 3126: 3078:

Buss, D. M.; Barnes, M. (1986). "Preferences in human mate selection".

2553: 2454: 1557: 976: 27:

Age difference between heterosexual individuals in sexual relationships

4871:"Attachment styles of women-younger partners in age-gap relationships" 4252: 3532:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

2839:

Sexual Selection & the Descent of Man, Aldine de Gruyter, New York

3890:"Long Term Trends in Marital Age Homogamy Patterns: Spain, 1922–2006" 2437: 2163:"Long Term Trends in Marital Age Homogamy Patterns: Spain, 1922-2006" 993: 4279: 3736: 3118: 2545: 1584:, and a man in a relationship with an older woman is often called a 1580: 1365:. Marriage between partners of roughly similar age is known as "age 4244: 3606: 2575:

Dunn, Michael J.; Brinton, Stacey; Clark, Lara (1 November 2010).

1606: 1594: 1426: 1389: 589:

Data in Australia and the United Kingdom show a similar pattern.

5325:

The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English

5139:

The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English

4168:

Current Population Survey: Annual social and economic supplement

3993:

Age-Dissimilar Couples and Romantic Relationships: Ageless Love?

615: 48: 5699: 1939:"Men confess: 22 reasons why younger guys fall for older women" 996:

preferences, socialisation, and gendered economic differences.

3888:

Esteve, Albert; Cortina, Clara; Cabré, Anna (21 August 2009).

2161:

Esteve, Albert; Cortina, Clara; Cabré, Anna (21 August 2009).

2060:"The Gendered Double Standard of Aging in US Marriage Markets" 1327:

internalised in a person's self-concept and personality. In a

4792:"Leonardo DiCaprio, why don't you date someone your own age?" 2837:

Robert, T. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection.

1638:. If the woman is extremely young, the man may be labelled a 1474:

age of a female partner at the beginning of a relationship.

952:

these costs will be the same for males and females (risk of

3385:"Facial attractiveness, symmetry and cues of good genes". 5473:(fourth ed.). London: Bloomsbury. pp. 235–236. 4449:"The Half-Your-Age-Plus-Seven Rule: Does It Really Work?" 3446:"Marriage systems and pathogen stress in human societies" 2478:"May–December: Canadians in age-discrepant relationships" 2438:"Age-dissimilar couple relationships: 25 years in review" 5070:"Blond and Beautiful? What Really Makes a 'Trophy Wife'" 4703:

Moon Is blue.: [A play]: Herbert, Frederick Hugh

3026:

Muller, M. N.; Thompson, M. E.; Wrangham, R. W. (2006).

1759:"Why Are We So Obsessed With Age Gaps in Relationships?" 1013:

Table 2. Countries with largest marital age differences

390:

Age difference in heterosexual married couples, 2017 US

725:

another task) and this is shaped by natural selection.

2807: 5530:(fourth ed.). London: Bloomsbury. p. 265. 5328:(second ed.). London: Routledge. p. 2314. 5233:(second ed.). London: Routledge. p. 2013. 4342:

Lehmiller, Justin J.; Agnew, Christopher R. (2008).

4310:"The Science Behind The Cougar-Chasing 20-Something" 1533:

List of age-related terms with negative connotations

688:

The evolutionary approach, based on the theories of

6897: 6779: 6668: 6661: 6559: 6434: 6302: 6226: 6128: 5934: 5927: 5790: 5590:

The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, Foundation

5355:(first ed.). London: Routledge. p. 2008. 5142:(second ed.). London: Routledge. p. 286. 5008:

The City in Slang: New York Life and Popular Speech

3479:"Polygynists and their wives in sub-Saharan Africa" 2676:"Cougar Women Just a "Myth"? More.com Investigates" 2527: 2525: 2058:England, Paula; McClintock, Elizabeth Aura (2009). 397: 5102: 4679:"Chapter IV: Advice to the Man Who Wants to Marry" 4640: 2436: 4823:Fletcher, Garth J.O.; Simpson, Jeffry A. (2000). 3028:"Male chimpanzees prefer mating with old females" 2330:132, Summer 2008, Office for National Statistics 2214:"Men 'live longer' if they marry a younger woman" 2099:"Men's revealed preference for their mates' ages" 4021: 4019: 3945:Affective Inequalities in Intimate Relationships 3526:Henrich, J.; Boyd, R.; Richerson, P. J. (2012). 754:Heterosexual male preference for younger females 4220:. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office. 4170:. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office. 3405:"Matchmaker, Matchmaker, Make Me A Spreadsheet" 1452:, in American newspapers in 1931 attributed to 4617:"Maurice Chevalier says....plus seven years". 1842:(132). Office for National Statistics: 17–25. 1524:"Toy boy" redirects here. For other uses, see 788:Heterosexual female preference for older males 5711: 2740:On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection 2401: 2399: 345: 8: 5625:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 3334:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 3080:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 1284:(more males per 100 females) and passing on 716:(discriminative choice of mating partners). 4829:Current Directions in Psychological Science 4443: 4441: 2907:Current Directions in Psychological Science 2351:"Age gap is no risk to marriages, ONS says" 1911:Hakim, Catherine (2010). "Erotic Capital". 6665: 5931: 5718: 5704: 5696: 5322:Dalzell, Tom; Victor, Terry, eds. (2013). 5163:Dorking, Marie Claire (18 November 2019). 5136:Dalzell, Tom; Victor, Terry, eds. (2013). 4585: 4583: 4337: 4335: 4126: 4124: 3725:International Family Planning Perspectives 2534:International Family Planning Perspectives 1011: 791: 388: 352: 338: 31: 5613: 5101:Coplan, Jill Humburg (26 February 2015). 4472: 4470: 3551: 3461: 3345: 3051: 2964: 2767: 2650:"New Study Claims 'Cougars' Do Not Exist" 2278: 2034: 2024: 1833:"Age differences at marriage and divorce" 6882:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance 5038:"Trophy Wives May Not Really Be a Thing" 4869:Skentelbery, S.G.; Fowler, D.M. (2016). 3790:The economic approach to human behaviour 2720:Darwin, C (1871). "The descent of man". 2697:Fancher, Judith B (10 September 2010). 2322: 2320: 1749: 270: 164: 100: 55: 39: 4426:from the original on 13 September 2017 4216:. Bureau of the Census, U. S. (2002). 3816: 3814: 3756: 3754: 3669:from the original on 19 December 2016. 3634: 3632: 3398: 3396: 2900: 2898: 2749: 2747: 2430: 2428: 1857:from the original on 24 September 2015 1831:Wilson, Ben; Smallwood, Steve (2008). 612:University of Wales Institute, Cardiff 6374:Psychological effects of Internet use 5667:doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-071312-145544 4389:Hedrih, Vladimir (28 December 2023). 4320:from the original on 25 November 2016 3856: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3403:Matlin, Chadwick (9 September 2014). 3297: 3295: 3293: 3238: 3236: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3073: 3071: 2978: 2976: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2268: 2266: 2251:from the original on 23 November 2013 1966: 1964: 1516:respectively for the rule to be met. 1431:Graph of the half-age-plus-seven rule 7: 5408:Victor, Terry; Dalzell, Tom (2007). 4953:from the original on 27 October 2023 4920:from the original on 27 October 2023 3920:from the original on 3 December 2013 3507:from the original on 1 December 2017 3163:Buss, D. M.; Schmitt, D. P. (1993). 2722:The Great Books of the Western World 2305:from the original on 11 January 2009 2193:from the original on 3 December 2013 1545:", and the younger may be called a " 610:In August 2010, Michael Dunn of the 560:Wife 15–19 years older than husband 546:Wife 10–14 years older than husband 434:Husband 10–14 years older than wife 420:Husband 15–19 years older than wife 6354:Digital media use and mental health 5645:Journal of Family Theory and Review 5496:Webster's II New College Dictionary 5448:from the original on 25 August 2020 5050:from the original on 1 January 2023 4986:from the original on 27 August 2022 4639:Malcolm X & Alex Haley (1965). 4596:. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 4593:The little shepherd of Kingdom Come 4526:from the original on 8 January 2017 4497:from the original on 8 January 2017 3528:"The puzzle of monogamous marriage" 3272:Sexualities, Evolution & Gender 2443:Journal of Family Theory and Review 2384:from the original on 25 August 2010 1812:from the original on 26 August 2014 1505:The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come 1449:The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come 633:Journal of Family Theory and Review 5985:Automatic and controlled processes 5592:. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 5414:. London: Routledge. p. 160. 5301:Crowell-Collier Publishing Company 5196:Ayto, John; Simpson, John (2010). 5082:from the original on 7 August 2022 4804:from the original on 14 March 2023 4790:Mahdawi, Arwa (3 September 2022). 4233:Journal of Marriage and the Family 3591:"Polygyny, Fertility, and Savings" 3245:Psychology, Evolution & Gender 2674:Varian, Nanette (20 August 2010). 2601:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.05.001 2349:Strauss, Delphine (26 June 2008). 2123:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.06.007 1994:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.09.003 1890:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01810.x 574:Wife 20+ years older than husband 532:Wife 6–9 years older than husband 518:Wife 4–5 years older than husband 504:Wife 2–3 years older than husband 476:Husband 2–3 years older than wife 462:Husband 4–5 years older than wife 448:Husband 6–9 years older than wife 406:Husband 20+ years older than wife 401:Percentage of all married couples 25: 6394:Smartphones and pedestrian safety 5389:from the original on 29 June 2022 5199:Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang 4647:. New York, Grove Press. p. 4568:from the original on 5 April 2016 3996:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 3477:Timeus, I.M.; Reynar, A. (1998). 3313:from the original on 10 June 2017 2295:"More women marrying younger men" 2064:Population and Development Review 7045: 7032: 7020: 7019: 6419:Mobile phones and driving safety 5584:doi:10.1016/0890-4065(93)90026-G 5527:Dictionary of Contemporary Slang 5470:Dictionary of Contemporary Slang 5177:from the original on 29 May 2023 5117:from the original on 29 May 2023 4972:Malhotra, Raghu (22 July 2022). 4939:Pearcy, Aimee (9 October 2023). 4875:Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences 4360:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00408.x 3941:"Independence and vulnerability" 2243:Wang, Wendy (16 February 2012). 2076:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2009.00309.x 1683: 657:be sexual, financial or social. 490:Husband and wife within 2 years 47: 6322:Computer-mediated communication 4522:. Jacaranda Press. p. 87. 3947:, Routledge, pp. 127–140, 2648:Padgett, Tim (19 August 2010). 2372:Moss, Hilary (22 August 2010). 2212:Wardrop, Murray (2 June 2009). 1949:from the original on 9 May 2018 1806:Australian Bureau of Statistics 1423:"Half-your-age-plus-seven" rule 1322:Social structural origin theory 607:difference is not significant. 6599:Empathising–systemising theory 5902:female intrasexual competition 5839:Evolutionarily stable strategy 5556:Journal of Marriage and Family 5285:Ferber, Edna (November 1922). 5165:"Is the term 'toyboy' sexist?" 5104:"Meet the new trophy husbands" 5036:Singal, Jesse (18 June 2014). 4643:The Autobiography of Malcolm X 3863:Journal of Marriage and Family 1974:Evolution & Human Behavior 1669:That term and its shortening, 1459:The Autobiography of Malcolm X 604:Office for National Statistics 241:age disparity in relationships 1: 6959:Standard social science model 6012:Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis 5602:Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5295:. Vol. 49, no. 11. 4416:"The lure of the older woman" 4348:Psychology of Women Quarterly 4166:Bureau of the Census (2012). 4091:10.1080/00224499.2019.1574704 3207:Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2953:Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1502:'s aforementioned 1903 novel 1415:Psychology of Women Quarterly 1357:Age-hypogamy in relationships 1297:Smaller than average age-gaps 6807:Missing heritability problem 6399:Social aspects of television 6022:Evolution of nervous systems 5990:Computational theory of mind 5499:(revised ed.). Boston: 5202:(reprint ed.). London: 5005:Allen, Irving Lewis (1995). 4908:"What does sugar mama mean?" 4548:& Laura Grashow (2008). 4268:Family Planning Perspectives 4145:10.1080/19392397.2012.644722 3595:Journal of Political Economy 2581:Evolution and Human Behavior 2103:Evolution and Human Behavior 1913:European Sociological Review 1650:(US) In gay slang, the term 1008:Larger than average age-gaps 671:Evolution and Human Behavior 7053:Evolutionary biology portal 5686:10.1080/0032472031000150346 5436:"Policing Boy Prostitution" 4554:. Adams Media. p. 16. 4477:Rodale, Inc. (April 2007). 4079:The Journal of Sex Research 3835:10.1080/0032472031000142296 3694:10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.429 3657:"World's Women Report 2010" 3640:"World's Women Report 2015" 3498:10.1080/0032472031000150346 3184:10.1037/0033-295x.100.2.204 2516:10.1080/0032472031000142296 1757:Engle, Gigi (21 May 2021). 700:. Within sexual selection, 7101: 7014:Evolutionary psychologists 6887:Trivers–Willard hypothesis 6802:Human–animal communication 6514:Ovulatory shift hypothesis 6364:Imprinted brain hypothesis 6332:Human–computer interaction 5659:Annual Review of Sociology 5637:10.1037/0022-3514.50.3.559 5349:Dalzell, Tom, ed. (2018). 5227:Dalzell, Tom, ed. (2018). 4662:Frederick Locker-Lampson. 3900:(1). Cairn.info: 173–202. 3775:10.1037/0003-066x.54.6.408 3356:10.1037/0022-3514.90.3.468 3092:10.1037/0022-3514.50.3.559 2173:(1). Cairn.info: 173–202. 1739:Sexual selection in humans 1530: 1523: 983:Cross-cultural differences 945:parental investment theory 729:This theory predicts both 7080:Sex differences in humans 7008: 6934:Environmental determinism 6905:Cultural selection theory 6792:Evolutionary epistemology 6706:evolutionary neuroscience 6379:Rank theory of depression 5881:Parent–offspring conflict 5733: 5615:10.1017/s0140525x00023992 5501:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 3792:. Chicago: Chicago Press. 3589:Tertilt, Michèle (2005). 3284:10.1080/14616660500035090 3257:10.1080/14616660110119331 3219:10.1017/s0140525x00067595 3053:10.1016/j.cub.2006.09.042 2997:10.1007/s12110-012-9152-x 2966:10.1017/s0140525x00023992 2778:10.1080/00224490409552211 1512:sex would marry or date. 1340:The rational choice model 626:Reasons for age disparity 573: 559: 545: 531: 517: 503: 489: 475: 461: 447: 433: 419: 405: 400: 392:Current Population Survey 41:Sex differences in humans 6827:Cultural group selection 6711:Biocultural anthropology 6404:Societal impacts of cars 6337:Media naturalness theory 6027:Fight-or-flight response 5576:Journal of Aging Studies 4683:Her Royal Highness Woman 4073:Alarie, Milaine (2019). 4044:10.1177/0891243219839670 4026:Alarie, Milaine (2019). 2336:14 November 2012 at the 2220:. London. Archived from 2026:10.1177/1474704917690401 1610:. In reverse, the terms 1526:Toy boy (disambiguation) 1488:Her Royal Highness Woman 1476:Frederick Locker-Lampson 1025:Legal Status of Polygamy 679:Evolutionary perspective 7027:Evolutionary psychology 6991:Sociocultural evolution 6832:Dual inheritance theory 6289:Personality development 5750:Theoretical foundations 5727:Evolutionary psychology 5303:. pp. 7–8, 102–104 5013:Oxford University Press 4841:10.1111/1467-8721.00070 4195:10.1023/a:1018873114523 3990:McKenzie, Lara (2015), 3953:10.4324/9781315107318-9 2919:10.1111/1467-8721.00020 2822:10.1038/npg.els.0003219 2756:Journal of Sex Research 2476:Boyd, M; Li, A (2003). 2435:McKenzie, Lara (2021). 2247:. Pewsocialtrends.org. 2013:Evolutionary Psychology 1070:Illegal, but practiced 972:based on data from the 595:physical attractiveness 6949:Social constructionism 6944:Psychological nativism 6919:Biological determinism 6867:Recent human evolution 6862:Punctuated equilibrium 6685:Behavioral epigenetics 6680:evolutionary economics 6649:Variability hypothesis 6594:Emotional intelligence 6327:Engineering psychology 6017:Evolution of the brain 5653:doi:10.1111/jftr.12427 5292:Woman's Home Companion 4519:The Rhythm of the Shoe 3805:Intimate relationships 3682:Psychological Bulletin 3544:10.1098/rstb.2011.0290 2699:"Declawing the Cougar" 2485:Canadian Social Trends 2019:(1): 147470491769040. 1691:Human sexuality portal 1432: 1405: 1266:parasite-stress theory 1136:Illegal but practiced 201:Emotional intelligence 64:Sexual differentiation 6976:Multilineal evolution 6939:Nature versus nurture 6898:Theoretical positions 6746:Functional psychology 6741:Evolutionary medicine 6716:Biological psychiatry 6424:Texting while driving 6414:Lead–crime hypothesis 6274:Cognitive development 6259:Caregiver deprivation 5770:Gene selection theory 5524:Thorne, Tony (2014). 5503:. 2001. p. 625. 5467:Thorne, Tony (2014). 5254:Lefler, Anna (2011). 4708:25 March 2016 at the 4516:Hans Erikson (1964). 3939:Jurva, Raisa (2018), 3906:10.3917/pope.901.0173 3803:Brehm, S. S. (1985). 3763:American Psychologist 2873:10.1007/s001140050763 2179:10.3917/pope.901.0173 2007:Antfolk, Jan (2017). 1430: 1393: 934:Australia/New Zealand 741:A study conducted by 710:intrasexual selection 684:Evolutionary approach 6929:Cultural determinism 6736:Evolutionary biology 6721:Cognitive psychology 6669:Academic disciplines 6317:Cognitive ergonomics 6284:Language acquisition 6264:Childhood attachment 6077:Wason selection task 5971:Behavioral modernity 5760:Cognitive revolution 5743:Evolutionary thought 5596:Buss, D. M. (1989). 5588:Buss, D. M. (2015). 4551:Dating the Older Man 4485:. Rodale, Inc.: 21. 4032:Gender & Society 3788:Beck, G. S. (1976). 3463:10.1093/icb/30.2.325 3172:Psychological Review 2947:Buss, D. M. (1989). 2301:. 12 December 2003. 2097:Sohn, Kitae (2017). 1945:. 23 February 2016. 1709:Homogamy (sociology) 1114:No Longer Practiced 645:in the society, the 593:wealth and apparent 366:sexual relationships 189:Emotional expression 6996:Unilineal evolution 6761:Population genetics 6546:Sexy son hypothesis 6484:Hormonal motivation 6464:Concealed ovulation 6005:Dual process theory 5876:Parental investment 4712:at Internet Archive 4316:. 30 January 2015. 3444:Low, B. S. (1990). 3044:2006CBio...16.2234M 2865:2000NW.....87..476S 2853:Naturwissenschaften 2813:13 May 2011 at the 2738:Darwin, C. (1859). 2621:Alleyne, Richard, " 2593:2010EHumB..31..383D 2218:The Daily Telegraph 2115:2017EHumB..38...58S 1986:2015EHumB..36...73A 1724:Parental investment 1317:Social perspectives 1264:perspective is the 1064:Dem. Rep. of Congo 1014: 794: 777:Parental Investment 764:life history theory 722:Parental Investment 718:Life history theory 394: 91:Scientific measures 35:Part of a series on 6954:Social determinism 6837:Fisher's principle 6797:Great ape language 6787:Cultural evolution 6756:Philosophy of mind 6589:Division of labour 6551:Westermarck effect 6499:Mating preferences 6409:Distracted driving 6143:Literary criticism 6000:Domain specificity 5980:modularity of mind 5674:Population Studies 5568:10.1111/jomf.12213 5262:Simon and Schuster 4979:The Indian Express 4887:10.1037/ebs0000064 4621:item reprinted in 3875:10.1111/jomf.12213 3823:Population Studies 3578:. 7 December 2020. 3486:Population Studies 3450:American Zoologist 2808:http://www.els.net 2628:2018-05-09 at the 2504:Population Studies 2455:10.1111/jftr.12427 1925:10.1093/esr/jcq014 1558:for her appearance 1433: 1406: 1012: 854:South-Eastern Asia 846:South-Central Asia 792: 714:intersexual choice 389: 211:Gender empathy gap 7075:Sexuality and age 7062: 7061: 7040:Psychology portal 7004: 7003: 6847:Hologenome theory 6817:Unit of selection 6812:Primate cognition 6726:Cognitive science 6657: 6656: 6528:Sexual attraction 6504:Mating strategies 6269:Cinderella effect 6199:Moral foundations 6103:Visual perception 5995:Domain generality 5964:Facial expression 5912:Sexual dimorphism 5871:Natural selection 5817:Hamiltonian spite 5444:. 18 March 1981. 5297:Springfield, Ohio 4629:, 27 August 1931. 4590:John Fox (1903). 4189:(9/10): 781–800. 4133:Celebrity Studies 4003:978-1-349-49609-9 3962:978-1-315-10731-8 3538:(1589): 657–669. 3107:Child Development 3038:(22): 2234–2238. 2328:Population Trends 1878:Child Development 1840:Population Trends 1734:Age and pregnancy 1454:Maurice Chevalier 1261: 1260: 1257:Not Criminalised 1224:Not Criminalised 1147:Not Criminalised 941: 940: 706:sexual dimorphism 694:natural selection 587: 586: 362: 361: 296:Gender inequality 16:(Redirected from 7092: 7049: 7036: 7023: 7022: 6666: 6662:Related subjects 6449:Adult attachment 5976:Cognitive module 5932: 5919:Social selection 5893:Costly signaling 5888:Sexual selection 5775:Modern synthesis 5720: 5713: 5706: 5697: 5689: 5640: 5619: 5617: 5571: 5562:(5): 1250–1265. 5542: 5541: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5491: 5485: 5484: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5432: 5426: 5425: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5373: 5367: 5366: 5346: 5340: 5339: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5193: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5133: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5106: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5078:. 12 July 2007. 5066: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5033: 5027: 5026: 5002: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4969: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4787: 4781: 4779: 4764: 4753: 4747: 4745: 4730: 4719: 4713: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4674: 4668: 4667: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4646: 4636: 4630: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4587: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4474: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4453:Psychology Today 4445: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4339: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4306: 4300: 4299: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4128: 4119: 4118: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4023: 4014: 4013: 4012: 4010: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3869:(5): 1250–1265. 3858: 3839: 3838: 3818: 3809: 3808: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3758: 3749: 3748: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3677: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3661: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3636: 3627: 3626: 3601:(6): 1341–1371. 3586: 3580: 3579: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3555: 3523: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3506: 3483: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3400: 3391: 3390: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3349: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3303:"World Marriage" 3299: 3288: 3287: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3240: 3231: 3230: 3202: 3196: 3195: 3169: 3160: 3139: 3138: 3113:(4): 1499–1511. 3102: 3096: 3095: 3075: 3066: 3065: 3055: 3023: 3017: 3016: 2980: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2944: 2931: 2930: 2902: 2893: 2892: 2848: 2842: 2835: 2824: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2771: 2751: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2671: 2665: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2645: 2639: 2638:, 19 August 2010 2619: 2613: 2612: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2529: 2520: 2519: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2482: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2440: 2432: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2403: 2394: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2346: 2340: 2324: 2315: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2282: 2270: 2261: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2209: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2158: 2143: 2142: 2094: 2088: 2087: 2055: 2049: 2048: 2038: 2028: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1968: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1935: 1929: 1928: 1908: 1902: 1901: 1884:(4): 1499–1511. 1873: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1856: 1837: 1828: 1822: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1808:. 19 June 1997. 1798: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1773: 1767: 1766: 1754: 1693: 1688: 1687: 1564:may be called a 1492:The Moon Is Blue 1395:French President 1329:Brown University 1021:SMAM difference 1015: 970:Christian Rudder 926:Northern America 801:SMAM difference 795: 698:sexual selection 654:Brown University 647:marriage squeeze 582: 581: 568: 567: 554: 553: 540: 539: 526: 525: 512: 511: 498: 497: 484: 483: 470: 469: 456: 455: 442: 441: 428: 427: 414: 413: 395: 354: 347: 340: 326:equality paradox 321:Sociolinguistics 125:Mental disorders 51: 32: 21: 7100: 7099: 7095: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7090: 7089: 7065: 7064: 7063: 7058: 7000: 6986:Neoevolutionism 6893: 6877:Species complex 6842:Group selection 6780:Research topics 6775: 6751:Neuropsychology 6653: 6639:Substance abuse 6561:Sex differences 6555: 6469:Coolidge effect 6430: 6342:Neuroergonomics 6307: 6298: 6222: 6124: 6058:Folk psychology 5939: 5923: 5793: 5786: 5729: 5724: 5693: 5671: 5622: 5595: 5553: 5550: 5548:Further reading 5545: 5538: 5523: 5522: 5518: 5511: 5493: 5492: 5488: 5481: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5451: 5449: 5441:Washington Post 5434: 5433: 5429: 5422: 5407: 5406: 5402: 5392: 5390: 5377:"Mrs. Robinson" 5375: 5374: 5370: 5363: 5348: 5347: 5343: 5336: 5321: 5320: 5316: 5306: 5304: 5284: 5283: 5279: 5272: 5253: 5252: 5248: 5241: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5214: 5206:. p. 335. 5195: 5194: 5190: 5180: 5178: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5150: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5120: 5118: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5068: 5067: 5063: 5053: 5051: 5035: 5034: 5030: 5023: 5004: 5003: 4999: 4989: 4987: 4971: 4970: 4966: 4956: 4954: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4923: 4921: 4913:Merriam-Webster 4906: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4868: 4867: 4863: 4853: 4851: 4822: 4821: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4766: 4755: 4754: 4750: 4732: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4710:Wayback Machine 4701: 4697: 4687: 4685: 4676: 4675: 4671: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4638: 4637: 4633: 4616: 4612: 4602: 4600: 4589: 4588: 4581: 4571: 4569: 4562: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4529: 4527: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4476: 4475: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4447: 4446: 4439: 4429: 4427: 4414: 4413: 4409: 4399: 4397: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4341: 4340: 4333: 4323: 4321: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4280:10.2307/2991588 4265: 4264: 4260: 4230: 4229: 4225: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4180: 4179: 4175: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4130: 4129: 4122: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4025: 4024: 4017: 4008: 4006: 4004: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3975: 3973: 3963: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3923: 3921: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3860: 3859: 3842: 3820: 3819: 3812: 3807:. Random House. 3802: 3801: 3797: 3787: 3786: 3782: 3760: 3759: 3752: 3737:10.1363/3100605 3722: 3721: 3717: 3679: 3678: 3674: 3666: 3659: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3630: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3481: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3413: 3411: 3409:FiveThirtyEight 3402: 3401: 3394: 3384: 3383: 3379: 3347:10.1.1.491.5834 3331: 3330: 3326: 3316: 3314: 3301: 3300: 3291: 3269: 3268: 3264: 3242: 3241: 3234: 3204: 3203: 3199: 3167: 3162: 3161: 3142: 3119:10.2307/1131714 3104: 3103: 3099: 3077: 3076: 3069: 3032:Current Biology 3025: 3024: 3020: 2982: 2981: 2974: 2946: 2945: 2934: 2904: 2903: 2896: 2859:(11): 476–486. 2850: 2849: 2845: 2836: 2827: 2815:Wayback Machine 2805: 2801: 2769:10.1.1.309.1692 2753: 2752: 2745: 2737: 2733: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2704: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2681: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2658: 2656: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2630:Wayback Machine 2620: 2616: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2546:10.1363/3100605 2531: 2530: 2523: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2480: 2475: 2474: 2470: 2434: 2433: 2426: 2416: 2414: 2405: 2404: 2397: 2387: 2385: 2378:Huffington Post 2371: 2370: 2366: 2356: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2343: 2338:Wayback Machine 2325: 2318: 2308: 2306: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2272: 2271: 2264: 2254: 2252: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2227: 2225: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2196: 2194: 2160: 2159: 2146: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1970: 1969: 1962: 1952: 1950: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1910: 1909: 1905: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1835: 1830: 1829: 1825: 1815: 1813: 1800: 1799: 1795: 1785: 1783: 1775: 1774: 1770: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1689: 1682: 1679: 1641:cradle-snatcher 1624:(a play on the 1535: 1529: 1522: 1496:F. Hugh Herbert 1465:Elijah Muhammad 1425: 1398:Emmanuel Macron 1359: 1346:rational choice 1342: 1324: 1319: 1299: 1010: 985: 910:Central America 886:Southern Europe 878:Northern Europe 822:Northern Africa 790: 756: 720:(that includes 686: 681: 638:rational choice 628: 583: 579: 578: 569: 565: 564: 555: 551: 550: 541: 537: 536: 527: 523: 522: 513: 509: 508: 499: 495: 494: 485: 481: 480: 471: 467: 466: 457: 453: 452: 443: 439: 438: 429: 425: 424: 415: 411: 410: 398:Age difference 387: 374:social theories 358: 145:substance abuse 120:Life expectancy 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7098: 7096: 7088: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7067: 7066: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7056: 7043: 7030: 7017: 7009: 7006: 7005: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6962: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6907: 6901: 6899: 6895: 6894: 6892: 6891: 6890: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6783: 6781: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6691: 6682: 6672: 6670: 6663: 6659: 6658: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6565: 6563: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6530: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6440: 6438: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6369:Mind-blindness 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6345: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6313: 6311: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6243: 6238: 6232: 6230: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6215: 6214: 6213: 6203: 6202: 6201: 6191: 6190: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6169: 6164: 6163: 6162: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6145: 6134: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6122: 6121: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6081: 6080: 6079: 6074: 6064: 6062:theory of mind 6055: 6046: 6045: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6008: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5973: 5968: 5967: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5945: 5943: 5929: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5921: 5916: 5915: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5895: 5885: 5884: 5883: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5829:Baldwin effect 5826: 5825: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5804: 5798: 5796: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5779: 5778: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5734: 5731: 5730: 5725: 5723: 5722: 5715: 5708: 5700: 5691: 5690: 5680:(2): 145–162. 5669: 5655: 5651:(4): 496–514. 5641: 5620: 5593: 5586: 5572: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5543: 5536: 5516: 5509: 5486: 5479: 5459: 5427: 5420: 5400: 5382:Dictionary.com 5368: 5361: 5341: 5334: 5314: 5277: 5270: 5264:. p. 96. 5246: 5239: 5219: 5212: 5188: 5155: 5148: 5128: 5093: 5061: 5028: 5021: 5015:. p. 80. 4997: 4964: 4931: 4899: 4881:(2): 142–147. 4861: 4815: 4782: 4748: 4714: 4695: 4669: 4654: 4631: 4610: 4579: 4560: 4546:Belisa Vranich 4537: 4508: 4466: 4437: 4407: 4381: 4331: 4301: 4274:(4): 160–167. 4258: 4245:10.2307/352269 4239:(3): 685–691. 4223: 4208: 4173: 4158: 4120: 4085:(3): 322–334. 4065: 4038:(3): 463–485. 4015: 4002: 3982: 3961: 3931: 3880: 3840: 3829:(3): 353–374. 3810: 3795: 3780: 3769:(6): 408–423. 3750: 3715: 3688:(3): 429–456. 3672: 3648: 3628: 3615:10.1086/498049 3607:10.1086/498049 3581: 3567: 3518: 3469: 3456:(2): 325–340. 3436: 3421: 3392: 3377: 3324: 3289: 3262: 3251:(3): 211–239. 3232: 3197: 3140: 3097: 3067: 3018: 2991:(4): 447–466. 2972: 2932: 2894: 2843: 2825: 2799: 2743: 2731: 2712: 2689: 2666: 2640: 2614: 2587:(6): 383–393. 2567: 2521: 2494: 2468: 2449:(4): 496–514. 2424: 2395: 2364: 2341: 2316: 2286: 2280:10.1.1.187.147 2262: 2235: 2224:on 4 July 2013 2204: 2144: 2089: 2070:(4): 797–816. 2050: 1999: 1960: 1930: 1919:(5): 499–518. 1903: 1868: 1823: 1793: 1768: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1695: 1694: 1678: 1675: 1521: 1518: 1463:attributed to 1446:'s 1903 novel 1424: 1421: 1358: 1355: 1351:gender pay gap 1341: 1338: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1298: 1295: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1182: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1108:Côte d'Ivoire 1105: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1097:Burkina Faso 1094: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1053:Rep. of Congo 1050: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1027: 1022: 1019: 1009: 1006: 1001:United Nations 984: 981: 939: 938: 935: 931: 930: 927: 923: 922: 919: 915: 914: 911: 907: 906: 903: 899: 898: 895: 894:Western Europe 891: 890: 887: 883: 882: 879: 875: 874: 871: 870:Eastern Europe 867: 866: 863: 859: 858: 855: 851: 850: 847: 843: 842: 839: 835: 834: 831: 830:Western Africa 827: 826: 823: 819: 818: 815: 811: 810: 807: 806:Eastern Africa 803: 802: 799: 789: 786: 755: 752: 690:Charles Darwin 685: 682: 680: 677: 664:Although the " 627: 624: 585: 584: 577: 575: 571: 570: 563: 561: 557: 556: 549: 547: 543: 542: 535: 533: 529: 528: 521: 519: 515: 514: 507: 505: 501: 500: 493: 491: 487: 486: 479: 477: 473: 472: 465: 463: 459: 458: 451: 449: 445: 444: 437: 435: 431: 430: 423: 421: 417: 416: 409: 407: 403: 402: 399: 386: 383: 368:, concepts of 360: 359: 357: 356: 349: 342: 334: 331: 330: 329: 328: 323: 318: 316:Social support 313: 311:Social capital 308: 303: 298: 293: 292: 291: 281: 273: 272: 268: 267: 266: 265: 264: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 214: 213: 203: 198: 197: 196: 186: 181: 173: 172: 162: 161: 160: 159: 154: 153: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 122: 117: 109: 108: 98: 97: 96: 95: 94: 93: 83: 78: 73: 72: 71: 58: 57: 53: 52: 44: 43: 37: 36: 26: 24: 18:Age difference 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7097: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7055: 7054: 7048: 7044: 7042: 7041: 7035: 7031: 7029: 7028: 7018: 7016: 7015: 7011: 7010: 7007: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6981:Neo-Darwinism 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6966:Functionalism 6964: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6924:Connectionism 6922: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6915: 6914:indeterminism 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6896: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6819: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6778: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6667: 6664: 6660: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6634:Schizophrenia 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6619:Mental health 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6558: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6494:Mate guarding 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6454:Age disparity 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6433: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6384:Schizophrenia 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6319: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6309:Mental health 6305: 6304:Human factors 6301: 6295: 6294:Socialization 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6254:paternal bond 6251: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6216: 6212: 6209: 6208: 6207: 6204: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6195: 6192: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6161: 6158: 6157: 6156: 6153: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6127: 6119: 6118:Naïve physics 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6105: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6085: 6084:Motor control 6082: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6047: 6043: 6042:Ophidiophobia 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6032:Arachnophobia 6030: 6029: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5981: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5959:Display rules 5957: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5937: 5933: 5930: 5926: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5889: 5886: 5882: 5879: 5878: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5861:Kin selection 5859: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5789: 5783: 5780: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5755:Adaptationism 5753: 5752: 5751: 5748: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5732: 5728: 5721: 5716: 5714: 5709: 5707: 5702: 5701: 5698: 5694: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5670: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5594: 5591: 5587: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5552: 5551: 5547: 5539: 5537:9781408181812 5533: 5529: 5528: 5520: 5517: 5512: 5510:9780395962145 5506: 5502: 5498: 5497: 5490: 5487: 5482: 5480:9781408181812 5476: 5472: 5471: 5463: 5460: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5431: 5428: 5423: 5421:9781134615346 5417: 5413: 5412: 5404: 5401: 5388: 5384: 5383: 5378: 5372: 5369: 5364: 5362:9781351765206 5358: 5354: 5353: 5345: 5342: 5337: 5335:9781317372523 5331: 5327: 5326: 5318: 5315: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5293: 5288: 5281: 5278: 5273: 5271:9781440531224 5267: 5263: 5259: 5258: 5250: 5247: 5242: 5240:9781351765206 5236: 5232: 5231: 5223: 5220: 5215: 5213:9780199232055 5209: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5192: 5189: 5176: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5159: 5156: 5151: 5149:9781317372523 5145: 5141: 5140: 5132: 5129: 5116: 5112: 5111: 5105: 5097: 5094: 5081: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5065: 5062: 5049: 5045: 5044: 5039: 5032: 5029: 5024: 5022:9780195357769 5018: 5014: 5010: 5009: 5001: 4998: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4975: 4968: 4965: 4952: 4948: 4947: 4942: 4935: 4932: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4903: 4900: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4865: 4862: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4819: 4816: 4803: 4799: 4798: 4793: 4786: 4783: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765:implies that 4762: 4758: 4752: 4749: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731:implies that 4728: 4724: 4718: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4704: 4699: 4696: 4684: 4680: 4673: 4670: 4666:. p. 88. 4665: 4658: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4644: 4635: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4614: 4611: 4599: 4595: 4594: 4586: 4584: 4580: 4567: 4563: 4561:9781440515958 4557: 4553: 4552: 4547: 4541: 4538: 4525: 4521: 4520: 4512: 4509: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4473: 4471: 4467: 4454: 4450: 4444: 4442: 4438: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4408: 4396: 4392: 4385: 4382: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4338: 4336: 4332: 4319: 4315: 4314:Medical Daily 4311: 4305: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4262: 4259: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4227: 4224: 4219: 4212: 4209: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4177: 4174: 4169: 4162: 4159: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4127: 4125: 4121: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4069: 4066: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4005: 3999: 3995: 3994: 3986: 3983: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3935: 3932: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3884: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 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Retrieved 5439: 5430: 5410: 5403: 5391:. Retrieved 5380: 5371: 5351: 5344: 5324: 5317: 5305:. Retrieved 5290: 5280: 5260:. New York: 5256: 5249: 5229: 5222: 5198: 5191: 5179:. Retrieved 5168: 5158: 5138: 5131: 5119:. Retrieved 5108: 5096: 5084:. Retrieved 5073: 5064: 5052:. Retrieved 5041: 5031: 5007: 5000: 4988:. Retrieved 4977: 4967: 4955:. Retrieved 4944: 4934: 4922:. Retrieved 4911: 4902: 4890:. Retrieved 4878: 4874: 4864: 4852:. Retrieved 4832: 4828: 4818: 4806:. Retrieved 4797:The Guardian 4795: 4785: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4760: 4756: 4751: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4726: 4722: 4717: 4698: 4686:. Retrieved 4682: 4677:Max O'Rell. 4672: 4663: 4657: 4642: 4634: 4626: 4622: 4619:Detroit News 4618: 4613: 4601:. Retrieved 4592: 4570:. Retrieved 4550: 4540: 4528:. Retrieved 4518: 4511: 4499:. Retrieved 4482: 4457:. Retrieved 4452: 4428:. Retrieved 4419: 4410: 4398:. Retrieved 4394: 4384: 4354:(1): 74–82. 4351: 4347: 4322:. Retrieved 4313: 4304: 4271: 4267: 4261: 4236: 4232: 4226: 4217: 4211: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4167: 4161: 4136: 4132: 4082: 4078: 4068: 4035: 4031: 4007:, retrieved 3992: 3985: 3974:, retrieved 3944: 3934: 3922:. Retrieved 3897: 3893: 3883: 3866: 3862: 3826: 3822: 3804: 3798: 3789: 3783: 3766: 3762: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3651: 3598: 3594: 3584: 3570: 3535: 3531: 3521: 3509:. Retrieved 3489: 3485: 3472: 3453: 3449: 3439: 3430: 3424: 3412:. Retrieved 3408: 3386: 3380: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3315:. Retrieved 3306: 3278:(2): 83–93. 3275: 3271: 3265: 3248: 3244: 3213:(1): 75–91. 3210: 3206: 3200: 3175: 3171: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3083: 3079: 3035: 3031: 3021: 2988: 2985:Human Nature 2984: 2956: 2952: 2913:(3): 86–89. 2910: 2906: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2838: 2802: 2762:(1): 27–42. 2759: 2755: 2739: 2734: 2725: 2721: 2715: 2703:. Retrieved 2692: 2680:. Retrieved 2669: 2657:. Retrieved 2653: 2643: 2633: 2617: 2584: 2580: 2570: 2537: 2533: 2507: 2503: 2497: 2488: 2484: 2471: 2446: 2442: 2415:. Retrieved 2412:The Guardian 2411: 2406:Ian Sample. 2388:11 September 2386:. Retrieved 2377: 2367: 2355:. Retrieved 2344: 2327: 2307:. Retrieved 2298: 2289: 2253:. Retrieved 2238: 2226:. Retrieved 2222:the original 2217: 2207: 2195:. Retrieved 2170: 2166: 2109:(1): 58–62. 2106: 2102: 2092: 2067: 2063: 2053: 2016: 2012: 2002: 1980:(1): 73–79. 1977: 1973: 1951:. Retrieved 1942: 1933: 1916: 1912: 1906: 1881: 1877: 1871: 1859:. Retrieved 1839: 1826: 1814:. Retrieved 1805: 1796: 1784:. Retrieved 1780: 1771: 1762: 1752: 1704:Ephebophilia 1699:Chronophilia 1670: 1663: 1657: 1651: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1605: 1599: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1579: 1573: 1570: 1555: 1539: 1536: 1514: 1510: 1503: 1500:John Fox Jr. 1491: 1487: 1479: 1471: 1469: 1457: 1447: 1444:John Fox Jr. 1441: 1434: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1385: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1360: 1343: 1334: 1325: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1286:heterozygous 1275: 1262: 1229:Montserrat 1207:Afghanistan 998: 986: 968:, a book by 963: 962: 958: 942: 862:Western Asia 838:Eastern Asia 773:Life History 769: 757: 740: 727: 687: 669: 663: 659:Gender roles 651: 631: 629: 620: 609: 600: 591: 588: 369: 363: 240: 218:Intelligence 166:Neuroscience 115:Autoimmunity 29: 6910:Determinism 6822:Coevolution 6766:Primatology 6604:Gender role 6509:Orientation 6389:Screen time 6246:Affectional 6228:Development 5907:Mate choice 5834:By-products 5802:Adaptations 5765:Cognitivism 5665:, 451–470. 5608:(1): 1–14. 5170:Yahoo! 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