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57 percent over the 1981-2000 period. In contrast, the share of spending by low-income countries increased from 9 to 11 percent and the share of middle-income countries increased from 29 to 32 percent over the same timeframe. Of the 2000 global total, the developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region combined invested $ 4.8 billion in 2000, compared to $ 2.7 billion for Latin
America and the Caribbean, $ 1.2 billion for West Asia and North Africa, and $ 1.2 billion for Sub-Saharan Africa. Agricultural R&D spending for China and the Asia-Pacific region as a whole has grown considerably since 2000. After a period of declining investments in public agricultural R&D, the Latin America and the Caribbean region also experienced an increase in total agricultural R&D spending in 2006, comparable to the mid-1990s level.
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countries. Despite the increasing share of the higher-education sector as a whole, the individual capacity of many individual higher-education agencies remains small. Nonprofit organizations such as producer organizations, marketing boards, foundations, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly relevant elements of national and global agricultural research. Although in absolute numbers—total FTE researchers more than doubled in LAC and SSA during their respective periods—they continue to account for a small share of public agricultural research.
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2000/01 the main government agricultural research agencies in 23 Sub-Saharan
African countries for which data were available obtained 35 percent of their funding through donor loans and contributions, which was considerably higher than the corresponding shares in the other regions. Funding generated through internally generated funds, including contractual arrangements with private and public enterprises, as well as funding by producer organizations have gained prominence in recent years across the developing world.
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benchmarked. These indicators assist S&T stakeholders in formulating policy, setting priorities, and undertaking strategic planning, monitoring, and evaluation. They also provide information to governments, policy research institutes, universities, and private-sector organizations involved in public debate on the state of agricultural S&T at national, regional, and international levels.
74:, and increased price volatility in global markets. Despite this growing attention to the agricultural sector and the role of agricultural research, many low- and middle-income countries continue to struggle with serious and deepening capacity and funding constraints in their agricultural research and higher education systems.
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agricultural research investments totaled $ 23 billion in 2005 PPP dollars. This sum represents a 47 percent increase over the 1981 total of $ 16 billion. Although spending by the high-income countries as a whole continued to grow in absolute terms, their share of global spending decreased from 62 to
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The institutional composition of agricultural R&D has become increasingly diversified over the past few decades. Although the government sector continues to dominate the execution of public agricultural research, the higher-education sector has gained prominence in a large number of developing
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The government sector is still providing most of the funding to agricultural research in the developing world, but funding sources can differ tremendously at the country level. Donor funding still plays an important role in most Sub-Saharan
African countries and a handful of countries in Asia. In
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additional short-term or yearly data on numbers of scientists by degree status and gender, support-staff numbers, funding sources, categories of spending (salaries, operating costs, and capital investments), and research focus by agricultural subsector and theme, as well as by crop and livestock
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Quantitative information is fundamental to understanding the contribution of agricultural science and technology (S&T) to agricultural growth. Indicators derived from such information allow the performance, inputs, and outcomes of agricultural S&T systems to be measured, monitored, and
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sector was estimated to account for 41 percent of this total, the vast majority of which was performed in industrialized countries (96 percent). In contrast, only 6 percent of total investments in the developing world were derived from private firms.
183:. ASTI relies on its in-country partners to identify all agencies involved in agricultural R&D, to disseminate ASTI survey forms to them, and to coordinate the necessary follow-up.
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ASTI’s methodology is unique in that it combines first-hand data from a wide range of agricultural R&D agencies in low- and middle-income countries with relevant, secondary data on
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trend data on agricultural scientist numbers and total investments in agricultural research by the government, higher education, and nonprofit sectors of developing countries; and
261:. ASTI Synthesis Report. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute and Inter-American Development Bank. (PDF-File, 1.8 MB - Accessed on March 18, 2010)
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worldwide. ASTI has published a broad set of country briefs and regional synthesis reports that describe general human and financial capacity trends in agricultural
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Publications include regional and global analyses of agricultural R&D investments, and country briefs and fact sheets presenting national data.
66:. Furthermore, additional investments in agricultural research are required to address emerging challenges, such as increasing weather variability,
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building a network of national, regional and international partners to facilitate data collection efforts and the dissemination of outputs.
240:. IFPRI Food Policy Report. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. (PDF-File, 1.1 MB - Accessed on May 20, 2011)
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ASTI compiles, analyzes, and publicizes data on institutional developments, investments, and capacity trends in agricultural R&D in
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In 2000, the world spent 39.5 billion dollars (in 2005 PPP prices, that is in inflation-adjusted terms) on agricultural R&D. The
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ASTI comprises a network of national, regional, and international agricultural R&D agencies and is hosted and facilitated by the
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ASTI datasets are collected and processed using internationally accepted definitions and statistical procedures developed by the
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268:. Synthesis. Washington, D.C.: IFPRI and Bangkok, Thailand: APAARI. (PDF-File, 837K - Accessed on March 18, 2010)
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that allows its users to display different ASTI indicators by country and plot two indicators against each other.
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could make a significant contribution to increasing agricultural production to the levels required to feed the
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is a comprehensive source of information on agricultural research and development (R&D) statistics.
254:. Washington, D.C.: IFPRI and Nairobi: G&D program. (PDF-File 334K - Accessed on March 18, 2010)
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Women's
Participation in Agricultural Research and Higher Education: Key Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa
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275:. Research Brief No. 11. Washington, D.C.: IFPRI. (PDF-File, 211K - Accessed on March 18, 2010)
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Public
Agricultural Research in Latin America And The Caribbean: Investment and Capacity Trends
247:. ASTI Background Note. Washington, D.C.: IFPRI. (PDF-File, 657K - Accessed on March 18, 2010)
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The ASTI website offers a wide set of country briefs, reports, and notes as well as datasets:
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African
Agricultural R&D in the New Millennium: Progress for Some, Challenges for Many
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Total public agricultural research expenditures by income class and region, 1981 and 2000
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Agricultural R&D Capacity and
Investments in the Asia–Pacific Region
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Diversity in
Agricultural Research Resources in the Asia-Pacific Region
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United
Nations Educational, Science, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
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ASTI’s recent work has primarily focused on the following activities:
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Measuring
Agricultural Research Investments: A Revised Global Picture
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Chart showing total spending on agricultural research
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Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI)
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121:offering access to primary data sources; and
117:developing and maintaining a comprehensive,
44:International Food Policy Research Institute
250:Beintema, N.M.and Di Marcantonio, F. 2009.
39:at national, regional, and global levels.
90:initiating institutional survey rounds in
46:(IFPRI). ASTI is currently funded by the
54:Importance of agricultural R&D data
236:Beintema, N.M. and G. J. Stads. 2011.
271:Beintema, N.M. and Stads, G.J. 2008.
264:Beintema, N.M. and Stads, G.J. 2008.
257:Stads, G.J. and Beintema, N.M. 2009.
243:Beintema, N.M. and Stads, G.J. 2008.
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48:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
148:ASTI’s current indicators include
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33:low- and middle-income countries
164:How does ASTI collect its data?
137:Screenshot of the ASTI Datatool
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292:(Accessed on March 18, 2010)
286:(Accessed on March 18, 2010)
68:adaptation to climate change
172:for comparative purposes.
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64:world’s growing population
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58:Greater investment in
315:Agricultural research
310:Statistical data sets
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179:and the
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27:Overview
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217:public
102:, the
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