136:
113:
2167:
2154:
1906:
Mallik, Ashok Kumar; Achyuthan, N. Srikanthan; Ganesh, Sumaithangi R.; Pal, Saunak P.; Vijayakumar, S. P.; Shanker, Kartik (27 July 2019).
328:, meaning “eye plucker” or “eye picker”, because of the belief that they pluck out the eyes of humans, as first reported by the
2159:
2067:
135:
648:
2172:
1507:
1306:
1289:
1490:
1431:
1981:
Venomous bites from non-venomous snakes: A critical analysis of risk and management of "colubrid" snake bites
1646:
655:
epoch. The subfamily diverged into the five separate genera during this time, with the latest divergence of
2094:
1033:
953:
2195:
1457:
1367:
1332:
1123:
846:
2020:
1925:
1577:
1414:
1206:
1106:
1068:
768:
2007:"A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus"
1912:
gen. nov.) from the southern
Western Ghats of Peninsular India with a revised key for Ahaetuliinae"
1249:
1620:
1594:
1223:
446:
321:
130:
2132:
2141:
2048:
1961:
1943:
1726:
936:
881:
828:
794:
750:
670:
of many of the species within
Ahaetuliinae can be shown in the cladogram below, with possibly
329:
2038:
2028:
1951:
1933:
1754:
1730:
1006:
979:
288:
1757:(laterally notched in some species), and enlarged posterior grooved fangs (lacking in some
651:(and origin) of Ahaetuliinae dates back to an estimated 33.63 million years ago, from the
2024:
1929:
2043:
2006:
1956:
1907:
1750:
1714:
299:
1908:"Discovery of a deeply divergent new lineage of vine snake (Colubridae: Ahaetuliinae:
2189:
400:
70:
2146:
2005:
Figueroa, A.; McKelvy, A. D.; Grismer, L. L.; Bell, C. D.; Lailvaux, S. P. (2016).
1877:
1861:
1832:
1820:
1774:
1759:
1163:
671:
637:
631:
611:
523:
353:
264:
250:
2117:
2033:
1938:
635:, and the second group consists of the rectangular-snouted snakes of the generas
2126:
1853:
1836:) that are more closely related to one another than to members of the subfamily
1814:
1768:
1722:
1548:
643:
243:
45:
112:
1869:
1837:
1826:
1790:
1710:
1091:
619:
569:
461:
415:
371:
349:
295:
291:
257:
207:
90:
55:
1947:
1845:
1808:
1784:
1734:
1702:
707:
667:
652:
625:
508:
361:
316:
303:
280:
236:
147:
121:
95:
39:
28:
2052:
1965:
2111:
2011:
1916:
1746:
1694:
187:
167:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
32:
177:
100:
75:
1803:
615:
284:
157:
2088:
1979:
Weinstein, S. A.; Warrell, D. A.; White, J.; Keyler, D. E. (2011).
1779:
1718:
1706:
1698:
340:
Ahaetuliinae was formally named and described in 2016 by
Figueroa
197:
2092:
614:
groups: one group consists of the sharp-nosed snakes of the
222:
Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell, and
Lailvaux, 2016
2101:
1766:Notable traits of some species include gliding in
663:occurring an estimated 26.55 million years ago.
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
294:that was erected in 2016. They are found from
352:, Ahaetuliinae was strongly supported as the
8:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
2089:
356:to Colubrinae in a 2016 study by Figueroa
320:, which gets its name from the Sri Lankan
111:
20:
2042:
2032:
1955:
1937:
610:Ahaetuliinae is split into two separate
1891:
1737:. Most species are found in forests.
7:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1482:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1281:
1274:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1158:
1098:
928:
921:
914:
907:
820:
742:
735:
728:
721:
714:
702:
695:
687:
677:
547:
501:
494:
439:
393:
385:
377:
367:
344:, using the name proposed by Pyron
1693:Ahaetuliinae are distributed from
348:in 2013. Previously placed within
14:
1778:, and large eyes with horizontal
134:
389:
381:
332:traveler JoĂŁo Ribeiro in 1685.
1154:broad‑nosed snakes
691:sharp‑nosed snakes
326:ahaetulla/ahata gulla/as gulla
314:The name comes from the genus
1:
2034:10.1371/journal.pone.0161070
1939:10.1371/journal.pone.0218851
1802:Ahaetuliinae comprises five
649:most recent common ancestor
2212:
1508:Dendrelaphis caudolineatus
1643:
1617:
1591:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1504:
1487:
1480:
1454:
1428:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1364:
1329:
1307:Dendrelaphis cyanochloris
1303:
1290:Dendrelaphis ngansonensis
1286:
1279:
1272:
1246:
1220:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1156:
1120:
1103:
1096:
1065:
1030:
1003:
976:
950:
933:
926:
919:
912:
905:
878:
843:
825:
818:
791:
765:
747:
740:
733:
726:
719:
712:
700:
693:
685:
629:, and the recently named
567:
552:
545:
521:
506:
499:
492:
459:
444:
437:
413:
398:
391:
383:
375:
232:
227:
131:Scientific classification
129:
119:
110:
23:
1491:Dendrelaphis fuliginosus
1432:Dendrelaphis subocularis
1806:containing 77 species (
1745:Ahaetuliine snakes are
1647:Chrysopelea taprobanica
1772:, jumping behavior in
1034:Ahaetulla fronticincta
954:Ahaetulla pulverulenta
1458:Dendrelaphis schokari
1368:Dendrelaphis formosus
1333:Dendrelaphis striatus
1124:Dryophiops philippina
847:Ahaetulla mycterizans
2072:The Reptile Database
1578:Chrysopelea paradisi
1415:Dendrelaphis tristis
1207:Dendrelaphis marenae
1107:Dryophiops rubescens
1069:Proahaetulla antiqua
769:Ahaetulla fasciolata
2025:2016PLoSO..1161070F
1983:. London: Elsevier.
1930:2019PLoSO..1418851M
1733:, and northeastern
1250:Dendrelaphis pictus
16:Subfamily of snakes
1717:into southeastern
1621:Chrysopelea pelias
1595:Chrysopelea ornata
1224:Dendrelaphis haasi
447:Pseudoxenodontinae
360:, as shown in the
322:Sinhalese language
2183:
2182:
2095:Taxon identifiers
1727:Malay Archipelago
1685:
1684:
1676:
1675:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1657:
1632:
1631:
1606:
1605:
1537:
1536:
1528:
1527:
1519:
1518:
1469:
1468:
1443:
1442:
1379:
1378:
1353:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1318:
1317:
1261:
1260:
1235:
1234:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1134:
1080:
1079:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1019:
1018:
992:
991:
965:
964:
937:Ahaetulla anomala
894:
893:
882:Ahaetulla prasina
867:
866:
858:
857:
829:Ahaetulla prasina
807:
806:
795:Ahaetulla prasina
780:
779:
751:Ahaetulla prasina
607:
606:
598:
597:
589:
588:
580:
579:
534:
533:
481:
480:
472:
471:
426:
425:
273:
272:
223:
2203:
2176:
2175:
2163:
2162:
2150:
2149:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2090:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2036:
2002:
1985:
1984:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1959:
1941:
1903:
1755:subcaudal scales
1749:and have keeled
1731:Papua New Guinea
1570:
1563:
1556:
1483:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1282:
1275:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1159:
1099:
1007:Ahaetulla nasuta
980:Ahaetulla nasuta
929:
922:
915:
908:
821:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
703:
696:
688:
678:
548:
502:
495:
440:
394:
386:
378:
368:
221:
139:
138:
115:
105:
42:
27:Temporal range:
21:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2171:
2166:
2158:
2153:
2145:
2140:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2097:
2087:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2019:(9): e0161070.
2004:
2003:
1988:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1924:(7): e0218851.
1905:
1904:
1893:
1888:
1800:
1743:
1691:
1686:
1677:
1668:
1659:
1633:
1607:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1470:
1444:
1380:
1354:
1345:
1319:
1262:
1236:
1145:
1136:
1081:
1055:
1046:
1020:
1010:(paraphyletic)
993:
983:(paraphyletic)
966:
895:
885:(paraphyletic)
868:
859:
832:(paraphyletic)
808:
798:(paraphyletic)
781:
754:(paraphyletic)
674:species noted:
608:
599:
590:
581:
535:
482:
473:
427:
338:
312:
220:
133:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
37:
36:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2209:
2207:
2199:
2198:
2188:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2164:
2151:
2138:
2123:
2107:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2085:
2084:
2068:"Ahaetuliinae"
2058:
1986:
1971:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1799:
1798:List of genera
1796:
1742:
1739:
1715:Southeast Asia
1690:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
994:
990:
989:
986:
985:
975:
972:
971:
968:
967:
963:
962:
959:
958:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
932:
927:
925:
920:
918:
913:
911:
906:
904:
901:
900:
897:
896:
892:
891:
888:
887:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
865:
864:
861:
860:
856:
855:
852:
851:
842:
839:
838:
835:
834:
824:
819:
817:
814:
813:
810:
809:
805:
804:
801:
800:
790:
787:
786:
783:
782:
778:
777:
774:
773:
764:
761:
760:
757:
756:
746:
741:
739:
734:
732:
727:
725:
720:
718:
713:
711:
701:
699:
694:
692:
686:
684:
676:
605:
604:
601:
600:
596:
595:
592:
591:
587:
586:
583:
582:
578:
577:
574:
573:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
551:
546:
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
532:
531:
528:
527:
520:
517:
516:
513:
512:
505:
500:
498:
493:
491:
488:
487:
484:
483:
479:
478:
475:
474:
470:
469:
466:
465:
458:
455:
454:
451:
450:
443:
438:
436:
433:
432:
429:
428:
424:
423:
420:
419:
412:
409:
408:
405:
404:
397:
392:
390:
384:
382:
376:
374:
366:
337:
336:Classification
334:
311:
308:
300:Southeast Asia
271:
270:
269:
268:
261:
254:
247:
240:
230:
229:
225:
224:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2208:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2073:
2069:
2066:Uetz, Peter.
2062:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1713:, throughout
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1663:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1533:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1140:
1139:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
988:
987:
984:
982:
981:
974:
973:
970:
969:
961:
960:
957:
956:
955:
948:
947:
944:
943:
940:
939:
938:
931:
930:
924:
923:
917:
916:
910:
909:
903:
902:
899:
898:
890:
889:
886:
884:
883:
876:
875:
872:
871:
863:
862:
854:
853:
850:
849:
848:
841:
840:
837:
836:
833:
831:
830:
823:
822:
816:
815:
812:
811:
803:
802:
799:
797:
796:
789:
788:
785:
784:
776:
775:
772:
771:
770:
763:
762:
759:
758:
755:
753:
752:
745:
744:
738:
737:
731:
730:
724:
723:
717:
716:
710:
709:
705:
704:
698:
697:
690:
689:
683:
680:
679:
675:
673:
669:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
645:
640:
639:
634:
633:
628:
627:
622:
621:
617:
613:
603:
602:
594:
593:
585:
584:
576:
575:
572:
571:
565:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
550:
549:
543:
542:
539:
538:
530:
529:
526:
525:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
504:
503:
497:
496:
490:
489:
486:
485:
477:
476:
468:
467:
464:
463:
457:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
442:
441:
435:
434:
431:
430:
422:
421:
418:
417:
411:
410:
407:
406:
403:
402:
401:Sibynophiinae
396:
395:
388:
387:
380:
379:
373:
370:
369:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
335:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:
309:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
290:
286:
282:
278:
267:
266:
262:
260:
259:
255:
253:
252:
248:
246:
245:
241:
239:
238:
234:
233:
231:
226:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
41:
38:33.63–0
34:
30:
22:
19:
2196:Ahaetuliinae
2133:Ahaetuliinae
2103:Ahaetuliinae
2102:
2077:18 September
2075:. Retrieved
2071:
2061:
2016:
2010:
1980:
1974:
1921:
1915:
1910:Proahaetulla
1909:
1878:Proahaetulla
1876:
1868:
1865:(49 species)
1862:Dendrelaphis
1860:
1852:
1849:(20 species)
1844:
1833:Proahaetulla
1831:
1825:
1821:Dendrelaphis
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1789:
1783:
1775:Dendrelaphis
1773:
1767:
1765:
1760:Dendrelaphis
1758:
1744:
1692:
1689:Distribution
1645:
1644:
1619:
1618:
1593:
1592:
1576:
1575:
1547:
1506:
1505:
1489:
1488:
1456:
1455:
1430:
1429:
1413:
1412:
1366:
1365:
1331:
1330:
1305:
1304:
1288:
1287:
1248:
1247:
1222:
1221:
1205:
1204:
1164:Dendrelaphis
1162:
1122:
1121:
1105:
1104:
1090:
1067:
1066:
1032:
1031:
1005:
1004:
978:
977:
952:
951:
935:
934:
880:
879:
845:
844:
827:
826:
793:
792:
767:
766:
749:
748:
706:
682:Ahaetuliinae
681:
672:paraphyletic
665:
660:
657:Proahaetulla
656:
642:
638:Dendrelaphis
636:
632:Proahaetulla
630:
624:
618:
612:monophyletic
609:
568:
555:Ahaetuliinae
554:
553:
524:Calamariinae
522:
507:
460:
445:
414:
399:
357:
354:sister group
345:
341:
339:
325:
315:
313:
277:Ahaetuliinae
276:
274:
265:Proahaetulla
263:
256:
251:Dendrelaphis
249:
242:
235:
218:Ahaetuliinae
217:
120:
24:Ahaetuliinae
18:
2127:Wikispecies
1881:(1 species)
1873:(2 species)
1857:(5 species)
1854:Chrysopelea
1815:Chrysopelea
1769:Chrysopelea
1741:Description
1723:Philippines
1549:Chrysopelea
644:Chrysopelea
302:through to
287:within the
244:Chrysopelea
214:Subfamily:
1886:References
1870:Dryophiops
1838:Colubrinae
1827:Dryophiops
1791:Dryophiops
1711:Bangladesh
1697:, through
1092:Dryophiops
620:Dryophiops
570:Colubrinae
462:Dipsadinae
416:Natricinae
372:Colubridae
350:Colubrinae
330:Portuguese
292:Colubridae
258:Dryophiops
208:Colubridae
194:Suborder:
2118:Q28834551
1948:1932-6203
1846:Ahaetulla
1809:Ahaetulla
1785:Ahaetulla
1735:Australia
1721:, in the
1703:Sri Lanka
708:Ahaetulla
668:phylogeny
661:Ahaetulla
653:Oligocene
626:Ahaetulla
509:Grayiinae
362:cladogram
317:Ahaetulla
310:Etymology
304:Australia
281:subfamily
237:Ahaetulla
198:Serpentes
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
122:Ahaetulla
29:Oligocene
2190:Category
2112:Wikidata
2053:27603205
2012:PLOS ONE
1966:31314800
1917:PLOS ONE
1747:arboreal
1695:Pakistan
283:of vine
204:Family:
188:Squamata
178:Reptilia
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
33:Holocene
2173:2597819
2160:1081294
2044:5014348
2021:Bibcode
1957:6636718
1926:Bibcode
1751:ventral
616:generas
364:below:
228:Genera
184:Order:
174:Class:
2051:
2041:
1964:
1954:
1946:
1804:genera
1780:pupils
1725:, the
1709:, and
647:. The
358:et al.
346:et al.
342:et al.
324:words
289:family
285:snakes
279:are a
2147:87CD4
1719:China
1707:Nepal
1699:India
659:from
296:South
2168:NCBI
2155:ITIS
2079:2019
2049:PMID
1962:PMID
1944:ISSN
1830:and
1788:and
1753:and
666:The
641:and
298:and
275:The
125:sp.
46:Preęž’
2142:CoL
2039:PMC
2029:doi
1952:PMC
1934:doi
1782:in
1763:).
2192::
2170::
2157::
2144::
2129::
2114::
2070:.
2047:.
2037:.
2027:.
2017:11
2015:.
2009:.
1989:^
1960:.
1950:.
1942:.
1932:.
1922:14
1920:.
1914:.
1894:^
1840:.
1824:,
1818:,
1812:,
1793:..
1729:,
1705:,
1701:,
623:,
306:.
96:Pg
40:Ma
35:,
2081:.
2055:.
2031::
2023::
1968:.
1936::
1928::
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:ęž’
31:-
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