599:
806:
43:
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who was a Sayyid's daughter, ostensibly the woman was with him because of her poverty. Surkati regarded her situation as disgraceful so proposed that the
Hadramis in the area donate money to her or that she be married by a non-Sayyid Muslim. His first suggestion was ignored and the second suggestion
455:
in newspaper "Suluh Hindia" whose editor in chief was Haji Oemar Said
Tjokroaminoto. His opinion was quickly heard by the Jamiat Kheir leaders in Batavia, and his relationship with the more conservative Sayyids began to deteriorate rapidly. Sukarti also experienced racist criticism against him over
464:" Some Hadrami Sayyids including Daḥlān resorted to extreme racist results and insulted Sukarti, calling him "the black death", "black slave", "the black", "the Sudanese" and "the Negro", all while claiming that Sukarti could not speak Arabic and was a non-Arab.
527:
Many non-Sayyids and some
Sayyids left the Jamiat Kheir with him. He initially intended to return to Mecca where he used to teach, but was persuaded to stay by a few non-Sayyid Hadhramis named Umar manqūsh (or Mangus with another transliteration) the
426:
who had come to the Indies in 1910. Surkati was appointed inspector at the Jamiat Kheir schools. His first two years at this position was a great success, creating an assurance for the Jamiat Kheir to hire four more foreign teachers in
October 1913.
456:
this conflict. The name "'Alawi-Irshadi conflict" became applied to the split between the Sayyid faction (known as 'Alawis, Alawīyūn) and the non-Sayyids (al-Irshād led by
Surkati). The 'Alawi Sayyid Muhammad bin 'Abdullāh al-'Aṭṭās even said
350:
and later returned to Mecca. In Medina, He deepened his religious studies and Arabic literature for approximately four and a half years. Two of his famous teachers in Medina were two members of the original
Moroccan
460:'Abdullāh Daḥlān attacked Surkati's stance that all humans whether Sayyid or non-Sayyid were equal by arguing that God creating some humans like the Prophet's family (the Sayyids) as superior to others. He said, "
451:
for a Sayyid woman). Surkati argued the marriage of non-Sayyid man to a Sayyid woman would be permitted according to the
Islamic Law. Surkati gave his answer in more detail with arguments in column
389:
in 1326 AH. His outstanding skills as a scholar began to be noticed in around 1909 when he was awarded a distinguished teaching post in Mecca, a position he retained before He was invited by
543:
After three years of existence, the Al-Irshad
Association began to open schools and branches in cities around Java. Each branch was characterized by the establishment of school (
590:
All three of them were also close friends. According to A. Hassan, Ahmad Dahlan and himself were in fact disciples of Ahmad
Surkati, although with unbound official timetable.
438:
community, and particular his attitudes towards the
Sayyids themselves. A situation arose regarding the permissibility of non-sayyid men marrying a sayyid woman in
1060:
414:
school, the board decided to hire teachers from overseas. In around October 1911, Ahmad Surkati arrived in Batavia along with two other teachers, a Sudanese
90:
551:
in 1917, where its Madrasa led by Ahmad Surkati's first generation student, namely Abdullah bin Salim al-Attas. This was followed by the branches in
1055:
519:. But eventually he cancelled it again so there was no debate at all. Surkati tendered his resignation from his position on September 18, 1914.
634:
Ahmad Surkati died at 10:00 am on Thursday, September 6, 1943, at his residence on Gang Solan St. (now Jl. KH. Hasyim Ash'ari no. 25)
536:
in Batavia on September 6, 1914, with the financial assistance of some Arabs, the largest of which of Abdullah bin Alwi Alatas as 60,000
1006:
985:
711:
878:
373:
for fifteen years in which more than eleven years he spent it in Mecca, where he received "mainstream" education with an emphasis on
1040:
458:"The al-Irshad organization, in my view, is no pure Arab organization. There is too much African blood among its members for that".
1035:
944:
769:
442:
in 1913 during the school holidays when Sukarti was staying there and was consulted about the case. A non-Muslim Chinese had a
917:
656:
281:, many), because His grandfather had a lot of books when he returned from study. It is believed that he was descendant of a
1050:
642:
cemetery with modest means, with no gravestone nor sign of anything on the grave to fulfill his last wish before death.
1045:
230:
598:
359:
knowledge from two fiqh scholars at the time, Sheikh Ahmad Mahjub and Sheikh Mubarak an-Nismat (he mostly studied
1030:
614:
355:, namely Sheikh Salih and Umar Hamdan. He also learned the Qur'an from Sheikh Muhammad al-Khuyari. He studied
323:
in Egypt as he had done. But the intention was never fulfilled because Sudan was then ruled by the reign of
532:
in Batavia, Sholih ‘Ubaid and Sa’id bin Salim al-Mash’abi, so he then opened another Islamic school named
64:
895:
955:
780:
579:
422:, a Moroccan who soon returned to his homeland. They had been preceded by another teacher, the Tunisian
214:
161:
150:
818:
1065:
1025:
623:
602:
529:
328:
300:
287:
434:
members of the Jamiat Kheir were becoming increasingly concerned about Surkati's influence on the
307:. Surkati received his earliest education from his father and succeeded in memorizing the text of
503:. This essay paper actually was prepared as the material for a debate with Ali al-Thayyib of the
266:
945:"Shaikh Ahmad al-Surkati: His Role in al-Irshad Movement in Java in The Early Twentieth Century"
770:"Shaikh Ahmad al-Surkati: His Role in al-Irshad Movement in Java in The Early Twentieth Century"
366:), where for the Arabic studies, he learned it from a linguist named Sheikh Muhammad al-Barzan.
241:, but unfortunately his name is not mentioned in the discourse of Islamic thought in Indonesia.
1002:
981:
874:
707:
504:
854:
842:
830:
701:
571:
319:. After completing his study at the Institute, his father wanted him to pursue education at
968:
793:
739:
628:
560:
435:
209:
191:
703:
The Hadrami Awakening: Community and Identity in the Netherlands East Indies, 1900-1942
447:
was denounced as forbidden by the Sayyid community (a non-Sayyid man did not match the
352:
324:
1019:
621:
was freed, he often visited Surkati. Ahmad Surkati was also the spiritual teacher of
540:. The legal recognition by Dutch colonial government was issued on August 11, 1915.
537:
666:
661:
583:
575:
548:
512:
411:
390:
570:
Al-Irshad in the early days of his birth was known as the Islamic reform group in
996:
868:
870:
On the Edge of Empire: Hadhramawt, Emigration, and the Indian Ocean, 1880s-1930s
651:
639:
327:
which was trying to escape from Egyptian ruling. The King of Sudan at the time,
295:
He came from an educated family; both his father and grandfather had studied in
476:
552:
448:
360:
443:
439:
238:
96:
42:
582:. The three main leading characters of this organizations: Ahmad Surkati,
199:
564:
516:
500:
320:
308:
86:
635:
618:
610:
556:
544:
508:
488:
472:
394:
386:
363:
316:
282:
254:
132:
60:
638:, exactly 29 years after he founded Al-Irshad. His was buried at the
511:. But Ali al-Thayyib cancelled it and asked the debate to be held in
496:
492:
484:
480:
431:
374:
347:
171:
23:
462:
will the Negro return from his error or persist in his stubbornness?
346:
in 1896 CE. Ahmad only briefly stayed in Mecca, then he moved on to
597:
382:
370:
339:
335:
304:
296:
258:
213:; 1875 CE – 6 September 1943) was the founder of the organization
128:
117:
70:
356:
343:
385:. Ahmad Surkati was the first Sudanese to earn the title of al-
873:(illustrated ed.). New York: SUNY Press. pp. 20–21.
605:(Young Muslim Union) delegates in Youth Pledge. Batavia, 1928
706:(illustrated ed.). EAP Publications. pp. 54–56.
507:. The debate itself was initially planned to be held in
331:, did not allow the people of Sudan to travel to Egypt.
586:, and Ahmad Hassan (A. Hassan), often referred to as
631:, Kasman Sigodimedjo and others often learned from.
998:
Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals of the 20th Century
177:
167:
156:
146:
138:
124:
105:
79:
52:
21:
16:
Founder of Arab Association for Reform and Guidance
950:. Institute of Islamic Studies: McGill University.
775:. Institute of Islamic Studies: McGill University.
410:Due to lack of qualified teachers to teach at the
315:, an institute led by a distinguished scholar in
744:Al-Anshori: Reformis Yang Teraniaya Dan Difitnah
467:Surkati then wrote his arguments and answers in
334:After completing his basic Islamic education in
237:role in the reformation of Islamic thought in
918:"Sejarah Perhimpunan al-Irsyad al-Islamiyyah"
8:
253:in around 1875 CE in Udfu, Arqu island near
980:(illustrated ed.). SEAP Publications.
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
588:"The Trio of Indonesian Islamic Reformers."
233:, August 1915. Many historians acknowledge
617:through Surkati's papers and books. After
223:Jam'iyat al-Islah wal Irsyad al-Islamiyyah
215:Jam'iyat al-Islah wa Al-Irsyad al-Arabiyah
41:
18:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
1001:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
219:Arab Association for Reform and Guidance
210:[(ʔ)æħmædbinmʊˈħæmmædælsurkɑtij]
83:6 September 1943 (aged 67–68)
763:
761:
683:
964:
953:
789:
778:
1061:Indonesian people of Sudanese descent
471:in 1925 which contained the issue of
251:Ahmad bin Muhammad Surkati al-Anshori
208:
7:
627:(JIB), where its activists such as
225:, which is more commonly called as
195:
14:
299:, with his father graduated from
609:A. Hassan introduced Surkati to
221:), which later transformed into
1056:Sudanese emigrants to Indonesia
700:Mobini-Kesheh, Natalie (1999).
311:at a young age. Ahmad attended
201:ʾaḥmad bin muḥammad alsourkatee
995:Federspiel, Howard M. (2006).
894:ben Mashoor (14 August 2008).
424:Muhammad bin Uthman al-Hashimi
1:
943:Affandi, Bisri (March 1976).
819:Anthropologica, Part 157 2001
768:Affandi, Bisri (March 1976).
91:Japanese-occupied East Indies
920:(in Indonesian). 31 May 2009
896:"Jamiat Kheir dan al-Irsyad"
181:Muhammad al-Surkati (father)
547:). The first branch was in
200:
1082:
430:Some of more conservative
377:, where He graduated from
976:Hasan, Noorhaidi (2006).
867:Boxberger, Linda (2002).
657:Indonesia–Sudan relations
40:
33:
1041:Indonesian Sunni Muslims
615:Ende, East Nusa Tenggara
613:when he was in exile in
580:PERSIS (Persatuan Islam)
416:Muhammad bin Abdul Hamid
34:
469:Al-Masa `il ats-Tsalats
249:Ahmad Surkati was born
1036:Sudanese Sunni Muslims
963:Cite journal requires
788:Cite journal requires
740:"Syaikh Ahmad Surkati"
738:al-Atsari, Abu Salma.
606:
530:Kapitein der Arabieren
495:(kissing the hands of
65:Ottoman Egyptian Sudan
601:
534:Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya
206:Arabic pronunciation:
1051:Indonesian Islamists
624:Jong Islamieten Bond
603:Jong Islamieten Bond
594:Later life and death
196:احمد بن محمد السركتي
47:Sheikh Ahmad Surkati
491:(visiting graves),
329:Abdullah al-Taaisha
301:Al-Azhar University
1046:Sudanese Islamists
855:Mobini-Kesheh 1999
843:Mobini-Kesheh 1999
831:Mobini-Kesheh 1999
807:Mobini-Kesheh 1999
607:
567:and other cities.
420:Muhammad al-Tayyib
288:Jabir bin Abdillah
267:Dongolawi language
338:, He traveled to
185:
184:
139:Years active
100:
74:
1073:
1031:Muslim reformers
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313:Ma'had Syarqi Na
212:
207:
203:
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110:Ma'had Syarqi Na
94:
68:
45:
19:
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1008:978-98123-02991
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987:978-08772-77408
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713:978-08772-77279
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629:Muhammad Natsir
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453:Surat al-Jawaab
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406:At Jamiat Kheir
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142:1909–1941
129:Islamic scholar
106:Alma mater
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188:Ahmad Surkati
180:
176:
173:
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130:
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125:Occupation(s)
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78:
72:
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62:
55:
51:
44:
39:
32:
28:Ahmad Surkati
25:
20:
997:
978:Laskar Jihad
977:
956:cite journal
937:Bibliography
922:. Retrieved
912:
900:. Retrieved
889:
869:
862:
850:
838:
826:
814:
802:
781:cite journal
748:. Retrieved
743:
702:
667:Muhammadiyah
662:Jamiat Kheir
633:
622:
608:
587:
584:Ahmad Dahlan
576:Muhammadiyah
569:
542:
538:Dutch gulden
533:
526:
513:Masjid Ampel
468:
466:
461:
457:
452:
429:
423:
419:
415:
412:Jamiat Kheir
409:
391:Jamiat Kheir
378:
369:He lived in
368:
333:
312:
294:
286:
278:
274:
270:
262:
250:
248:
234:
226:
222:
218:
187:
186:
147:Organization
113:
109:
35:أحمد السركتي
1066:1943 deaths
1026:1875 births
652:Satti Majid
640:Karet Bivak
379:Darul 'Ulum
261:. The word
160:Founder of
114:Darul 'Ulum
1020:Categories
673:References
553:Pekalongan
353:muhaddiths
290:al-Anshori
271:Many Books
245:Early life
821:, p. 413.
678:Citations
572:Nusantara
523:Al-Irshad
444:concubine
277:, books;
239:Indonesia
235:al-Irshad
227:al-Irshad
162:al-Irshad
151:al-Irshad
112:(Sudan),
97:Indonesia
948:(thesis)
924:June 13,
902:June 12,
857:, p. 98.
845:, p. 96.
833:, p. 91.
809:, p. 55.
773:(thesis)
750:June 13,
646:See also
565:Surabaya
517:Surabaya
505:Ba'alawi
501:Tawassul
436:Hadhrami
325:al-Mahdi
321:Al-Azhar
309:al-Quran
269:meaning
87:Djakarta
636:Jakarta
619:Sukarno
611:Sukarno
561:Bumiayu
557:Cirebon
545:Madrasa
509:Bandung
497:Sayyids
489:Ziyarat
473:Ijtihad
449:Kafa'ah
395:Batavia
387:Allamah
364:Madhhab
361:Shafi'i
317:Dongola
283:Sahabah
263:Surkati
255:Dongola
231:Batavia
133:teacher
61:Dongola
56:1875 CE
1005:
984:
877:
710:
499:) and
493:Taqbil
485:Heresy
481:Sunnah
477:Bid‘ah
432:Sayyid
401:Career
375:Hadith
348:Medina
285:named
257:town,
192:Arabic
178:Parent
172:Sheikh
59:Udfu,
24:Sheikh
549:Tegal
383:Mecca
371:Hejaz
340:Mecca
336:Sudan
305:Cairo
297:Egypt
279:Katti
259:Sudan
168:Title
118:Mecca
95:(now
71:Sudan
69:(now
1003:ISBN
982:ISBN
969:help
926:2014
904:2014
875:ISBN
794:help
752:2014
708:ISBN
578:and
440:Solo
418:and
357:fiqh
344:hajj
80:Died
53:Born
515:in
381:in
303:in
275:Sur
229:in
1022::
960::
958:}}
954:{{
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783:}}
779:{{
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722:^
686:^
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194::
131:,
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63:,
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990:.
971:)
967:(
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906:.
883:.
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792:(
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273:(
217:(
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116:(
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73:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
