170:. She spent time also in Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and San Francisco, living with her mother and second stepfather, Sutton Haynes. In 1959, a couple of years after her mother's divorce from Hayes, they moved back to Tucson, Arizona, where she completed high school and attended college at the University of Arizona, where she majored in English and Oriental Studies with a concentration in Japanese and a minor in Creative Writing, to which she would fully commit toward the end of her degree. Before starting college, one night during dinner with her mother and third stepfather, Ai learned her biological father was Japanese. Known as Florence Hayes throughout her childhood and undergrad years, it was not until graduate school, when Ai was going to switch her last name back to Anthony, that her mother finally told her more details about her past, learning that she had an affair with a Japanese man, Michael Ogawa, after meeting him at a streetcar stop. Learning of the affair had led Ai's first stepfather, whose last name was "Anthony," to beat her mother until family intervened and she was taken to Texas, where her stepfather eventually followed after Ai's birth. Because her mother was still legally married to Anthony at the time, his last name was put on Ai's birth certificate. Although she identified as being of Native American descent, she was not enrolled in any Native nation.
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126:. Ai is known for her mastery of the dramatic monologue as a poetic form, as well as for taking on dark, controversial topics in her work. About writing in the dramatic monologue form, she's said: "I want to take the narrative 'persona' poem as far as I can, and I've never been one to do things in halves. All the way or nothing. I won't abandon that desire."
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In a 1999 interview, Ai was asked about the topics she uses in her writings, such as child abuse, necrophilia, and murder. When asked by interviewer
Elizabeth Farnsworth why she chooses to write on these topics, Ai replied that “it’s really the characters, because write monologues” (Farnsworth). She
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The poverty Ai experienced during her childhood affected her and her writing. Ai credits her first writing experience to an assignment in her
Catholic school English class to write a letter from the perspective of a martyr. Two years after that experience, she began actively writing at the age of 14.
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In that same interview, Farnsworth commented on the fact that even though Ai's poetry is written in first person, she is “almost always someone else” (Farnsworth). Ai also told
Farnsworth that her “first poetry teacher said that when you wrote in the first person, that your work was often stronger”
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About contemporary
American poetry and her own risk-taking in her work she said: "Perhaps there's a fear of revealing too much emotion in American poetry, despite the go-ahead of a sort from confessional poetry. At any rate, I think that that is my goal—I mean I never want to say 'I have plenty of
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When Ai was asked why she thought her work was so “edgy and dark”, Ai stated that “violence is an integral part of
American culture” (Farnsworth). She tries to deal with that in her writing, which is something she said she has been working on her whole life. She said that “she was not able to deal
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Farnsworth asked Ai about her poem about Jimmy Hoffa- “Jimmy Hoffa’s
Odyssey.” Ai told Farnsworth that she got the idea from watching a The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Carson had told a joke that inspired Ai to write the poem. After she decided to write the poem, she found a biography on
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Ai Ogawa considered herself as "simply a writer" rather than a spokesperson for any particular group. About her own poetry in an interview with
Lawrence Kearney and Michael Cuddihy in 1978, she emphasized that there are no "confessional" or autobiographical elements in her work. However, in an
380:(Farnsworth). Throughout her writing career, Ai eventually realized that her “poems that were written in the first person were the strongest” (Farnsworth). She also told Farnsworth that she considers herself an “actor” and that is how she is able to successfully write as other characters.
372:, she stated that some of the poems and characters in that book are "fictionalized versions" of her family history and that her multi-racial background and interest in history has had a strong influence on her work in this particular collection.
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While her work often contains sex, violence, and other controversial subjects, she told
Kearney and Cuddihy during that 1978 interview that she did not view her use of them as gratuitous. Concerning the poems in her first collection,
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and from various universities. She was a visiting instructor at
Binghamton University, State University of New York for the 1973–74 academic year. After winning the National Book Award for
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is that they deal with her character's whole life rather than a single episode. She described her purpose for writing as "trying to integrate life emotionally and spiritually."
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Hoffa and studied it before writing the piece. Ai said that she often reads biographies before writing a poem on an historical figure.
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From 1969 to 1971, Ai attended the
University of California at Irvine's M.F.A program where she worked under the likes of
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also spoke about her choice of characters that “there’s a lot more to talk about with the scoundrels” (Farnsworth).
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In 1973, she legally changed her last name to Ogawa and her middle name to "Ai" (ć„›), which translates to "love" in
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she became a tenured professor and the vice president of the Native American Faculty and Staff Association at
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639:"Ai." Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Gale Biography In Context. Web. Retrieved 2011-03-26.
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with violence in work” early in her writing career, and that was something she intentionally set out to do.
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704:(With acceptance speech by Ai and essay by Dilruba Ahmed from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)
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Farnsworth, Elizabeth. A 1999 PBS Interview with Ai. Modern American Poetry, 24 March 2015,
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118:; October 21, 1947 – March 20, 2010) was an American poet and educator who won the 1999
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heart,' but I want to be able to say whatever I feel without fear or embarrassment."
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214:(1986), which won an American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation;
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Unpapered: Writers Consider Native American Identity and Cultural Belonging
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295: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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https://www.modernamericanpoetry.org/content/1999-pbs-interview-ai
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American people who self-identify as being of Chickasaw descent
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American people who self-identify as being of Comanche descent
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American people who self-identify as being of Cheyenne descent
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History had been one of her many interests since high school.
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American people who self-identify as being of Choctaw descent
769:"Ai, an Unflinching Poetic Channel of Hard Lives, Dies at 62"
432:. Three days later, Ai died on March 20, 2010, at age 62, in
368:
interview with Okla Elliott in 2003 after the publication of
1084:"Contributor Spotlight: Carolyne Wright Remembers Poet Ai"
930:"Ai Interviewed by Lawrence Kearney and Michael Cuddihy"
428:
Ai was checked into the hospital on March 17, 2010, for
745:"Ai Interviewd by Lawrence Kearney and Micheal Cuddihy"
618:
List of writers from peoples indigenous to the Americas
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580:. W. W. Norton & Company. 2013. p. 448.
1007:"Tribute to the Poet Ai (Issue 173 – Fall 2010)"
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194:, (2010), which was published after her death,
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977:NewsPress, Sean Hubbard - (6 October 2007).
420:, a pen name she had been using since 1969.
3066:21st-century African-American women writers
3051:20th-century African-American women writers
202:(1999), which won the National Book Award;
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835:"AWP: Writer's Chronicle Features Archive"
36:
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355:Learn how and when to remove this message
1117:W. W. Norton & Company > Bio Page
3006:University of California, Irvine alumni
1122:Oklahoma State University Faculty pages
894:Glancy, Diane; Rodriguez, Lina (2023).
629:
1146:includes comments, tributes, and links
762:
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3061:21st-century African-American writers
3056:20th-century African-American writers
2971:Deaths from breast cancer in Oklahoma
801:"University of Arizona Poetry Center"
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2966:American writers of Japanese descent
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560:. W. W. Norton & Company. 2010.
293:adding citations to reliable sources
241:, the Bunting Fellowship Program at
3071:21st-century American women writers
3036:20th-century American women writers
715:"STANDARDS: A Conversation with AI"
1053:"The Pedestal Magazine > Links"
954:"Ai Ogawa's Obituary on Oklahoman"
866:"The Pedestal Magazine > Links"
233:She also received awards from the
14:
3001:Oklahoma State University faculty
134:Ai, who described herself as 1/2
19:For the Japanese footballer, see
2996:People from Stillwater, Oklahoma
2961:American people of Irish descent
602:
436:, from complications of stage 4
269:
198:(W. W. Norton & Co., 2003);
84:Contemporary American Literature
2986:American poets of Asian descent
1057:archive.thepedestalmagazine.com
280:needs additional citations for
239:National Endowment for the Arts
120:National Book Award for Poetry
1:
696:"National Book Awards – 1999"
457:, Perseus Books Group, 1973,
3011:University of Arizona alumni
2530:Marianna De Marco Torgovnick
906:University of Nebraska Press
767:Fox, Margalit (2010-03-27).
525:Vice: New and Selected Poems
124:Vice: New and Selected Poems
3041:American Book Award winners
3031:20th-century American poets
2976:National Book Award winners
2189:Mill Hunk Herald Collective
870:www.thepedestalmagazine.com
681:, March 28, 2010; page A26.
218:(1979), which was the 1978
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2586:Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
496:, Houghton Mifflin, 1991,
483:, Houghton Mifflin, 1986,
470:, Houghton Mifflin, 1979,
166:, in 1947, and grew up in
18:
2991:People from Albany, Texas
2743:Allison Adelle Hedge Coke
2017:Barbara Grizzuti Harrison
1427:Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn
1112:Academy of American Poets
1019:Oklahoma State University
979:"Indian Nations insights"
577:The Collected Poems of Ai
261:Literary views/interviews
251:Oklahoma State University
224:Academy of American Poets
35:
16:American poet (1947–2010)
3046:American women academics
1976:Josephine Gattuso Hendin
1073:. Accessed 02 Nov. 2019.
1040:American Poetry Observed
934:www.english.illinois.edu
805:poetrycenter.arizona.edu
749:www.english.illinois.edu
702:. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
700:National Book Foundation
63:March 20, 2010 (aged 62)
1803:Septima Poinsette Clark
1793:Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum
220:Lamont Poetry Selection
190:. She is the author of
2946:African-American poets
1412:Evangelina Vigil-Piñón
1127:Modern American Poetry
104:1999
3021:Writers from Oklahoma
2247:José Antonio Burciaga
2222:A'Lelia Perry Bundles
2194:Nora Marks Dauenhauer
1512:Mei-mei Berssenbrugge
1376:Ronald Phillip Tanaka
1216:Mei-mei Berssenbrugge
1088:Hayden's Ferry Review
983:Stillwater News Press
544:, W.W. Norton, 2003,
235:Guggenheim Foundation
2981:American women poets
2829:E. Donald Two-Rivers
2702:Shirley Geok-lin Lim
2677:Guillermo Gómez-Peña
2364:Francisco X. AlarcĂłn
2232:Benjamin Alire Sáenz
2100:Shirley Geok-lin Lim
2061:José Emilio González
1996:William Minoru Hohri
1966:J. California Cooper
1807:Cynthia Stokes Brown
1627:Robert Edward Duncan
1535:Ellen Lai-shan Yeung
1257:Bienvenido N. Santos
1181:American Book Awards
434:Stillwater, Oklahoma
289:improve this article
255:Stillwater, Oklahoma
66:Stillwater, Oklahoma
2430:Janet Campbell Hale
2169:Karen Tei Yamashita
2081:Michelle T. Clinton
1921:Alma Luz Villanueva
1858:Jimmy Santiago Baca
1788:Juan Felipe Herrera
1527:Ruthanne Lum McCunn
1371:Lorna Dee Cervantes
1211:Leslie Marmon Silko
1183:winners (1980–1999)
1015:The Cimarron Review
537:National Book Award
101:National Book Award
3026:Writers from Texas
3016:Poets from Arizona
2891:LuĂs Alberto Urrea
2753:Brenda Marie Osbey
2440:Lawson Fusao Inada
2297:Verlyn Klinkenborg
2198:Richard Dauenhauer
2159:John Edgar Wideman
2108:Margarita Donnelly
1677:Gloria E. AnzaldĂşa
1580:Colleen J. McElroy
1575:John Kuo Wei Tchen
1550:William J. Kennedy
1545:Venkatesh Kulkarni
1492:Imamu Amiri Baraka
1361:Joyce Carol Thomas
1011:CimarronReview.com
773:The New York Times
678:The New York Times
449:Poetry collections
2923:
2922:
2692:Montserrat Fontes
2591:E.J. Miller Laino
2486:Abraham Rodriguez
2470:Virginia L. Kroll
2379:Leroy V. Quintana
2359:Eugene B. Redmond
2335:Christopher Mogil
2302:William B. Branch
2272:Peter Kalifornsky
2206:Thomas Centolella
2124:Alejandro MurguĂa
2071:Lloyd A. Thompson
1986:Shuntaro Tanikawa
1956:Henry Louis Gates
1891:Salvatore La Puma
1402:Barbara Christian
1356:Jerome Rothenberg
1338:Hilton Obenzinger
1302:Toni Cade Bambara
902:Lincoln, Nebraska
839:www.awpwriter.org
365:
364:
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257:until her death.
243:Radcliffe College
109:
108:
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2881:Josip Novakovich
2867:Gerald V. Mohatt
2858:James D. Houston
2848:Gioia Timpanelli
2834:Edwidge Danticat
2778:Nora Okja Keller
2768:John A. Williams
2722:William M. Banks
2641:Stephanie Cowell
2550:Gordon Henry Jr.
2460:Rose L. Glickman
2237:Donna J. Haraway
2202:R. Baxter Miller
2184:Meridel Le Sueur
2154:Jessica Hagedorn
2139:Charley Trujillo
2104:Mayumi Tsutakawa
2095:Paula Gunn Allen
2051:J. Raymond Jones
2042:James M. Freeman
2022:Daniela Gioseffi
2012:Adrienne Kennedy
1981:Leslie Scalapino
1843:David Halberstam
1763:Etheridge Knight
1707:Raymond Federman
1702:Natasha Borovsky
1668:Anna Lee Walters
1652:William Oandasan
1432:John A. Williams
1422:James D. Houston
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48:Florence Anthony
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2824:Chiori Santiago
2809:Alice McDermott
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2748:Angela Y. Davis
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2672:Dorothy Barresi
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2646:William H. Gass
2634:Ron Sakolsky /
2601:James W. Loewen
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2465:Tino Villanueva
2445:Nicole Blackman
2425:Gregory J. Reed
2410:Giose Rimanelli
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2394:Ninotchka Rosca
2384:Katherine Peter
2349:Denise Giardina
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2282:Sandra Scofield
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1991:Charles Fanning
1946:Eduardo Galeano
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1886:Ronald Sukenick
1828:Allison Blakely
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1447:Nash Candelaria
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1221:Milton Murayama
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1090:. 30 March 2010
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610:Poetry portal
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2901:Speer Morgan
2886:Lauro Flores
2839:Judith Roche
2793:Thomas Lynch
2773:Nancy Rawles
2717:Tom De Haven
2667:Derrick Bell
2545:Sandra Martz
2525:Li-Young Lee
2515:Thomas Avena
2505:John Egerton
2415:Eric Drooker
2369:Gerald Graff
2354:Diane Glancy
2330:Belvie Rooks
2326:Asake Bomani
2306:Amiri Baraka
2174:Lucia Berlin
2144:D. H. Melhem
2134:Bruce Wright
2032:Hualing Nieh
1901:Wing Tek Lum
1871:Egyirba High
1798:Michael Mayo
1783:John Wieners
1773:Harvey Pekar
1768:Gary Giddins
1743:Ana Castillo
1737:
1617:Maureen Owen
1457:Seán Ó Tuama
1386:Tato Laviera
1343:Him Mark Lai
1323:Duane Niatum
1287:Robert Kelly
1206:Jayne Cortez
1144:Ron Silliman
1139:
1134:This "cyber-
1132:Ai 1947—2010
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557:No Surrender
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542:Dread: Poems
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282:verification
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192:No Surrender
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2941:2010 deaths
2936:1947 births
2863:Jerry Lipka
2814:Anna Linzer
2758:Don DeLillo
2682:Louis Owens
2615:Kimiko Hahn
2610:Edward Said
2555:Tricia Rose
2540:Peter Quinn
2450:Paul Gilroy
2435:Jill Nelson
2374:Jack Beatty
2344:Cornel West
2267:Peter Bacho
2262:Norma Field
2090:Miles Davis
2056:John Norton
1936:Carolyn Lau
1931:Audre Lorde
1905:Tek Lum Lum
1838:Daisy Bates
1778:James Welch
1722:Toshio Mori
1692:Linda Hogan
1603:Sojin Takei
1590:Peter Irons
1497:JesĂşs ColĂłn
1487:Mark Podwal
1478:Gary Snyder
1473:Cecil Brown
1201:Edward Dorn
1024:22 November
412:Name change
154:, Southern
92:Vice (1999)
2930:Categories
2876:Trey Ellis
2819:Brian Ward
2763:Jim Barnes
2576:Arthur Sze
2129:bell hooks
2066:Sergei Kan
1951:Frank Chin
1712:Susan Howe
1622:May Sarton
1607:Muin Ozaki
1595:Keiho Soga
1517:Miné Okubo
1442:Judy Grahn
1437:Joy Kogawa
1333:Frank Chin
1328:E. L. Mayo
1297:Susan Howe
1262:Helen Adam
1094:2016-03-21
1003:Lisa Lewis
988:2016-03-21
963:2016-03-21
939:2016-03-21
880:2016-03-21
844:2016-03-21
815:2016-03-21
786:2016-03-21
725:2016-03-21
624:References
345:March 2020
315:newspapers
130:Early life
73:Occupation
2906:Gary Gach
2606:Joe Sacco
2510:John Ross
2491:Herb Boyd
2164:Joy Harjo
1748:Cyn Zarco
1632:Ron Jones
1585:Gary Soto
1351:Judy Yung
1347:Genny Lim
958:Oklahoman
781:0362-4331
675:Obituary
430:pneumonia
144:Chickasaw
2662:Alurista
1318:Al Young
1142:by poet
596:See also
418:Japanese
230:(1973).
210:(1991);
206:(1993);
160:Comanche
156:Cheyenne
136:Japanese
112:Ai Ogawa
21:Ai Ogawa
1136:tombeau
1005:(ed.).
455:Cruelty
394:Cruelty
390:Cruelty
329:scholar
228:Cruelty
222:of the
150:, 1/16
140:Choctaw
1038:"Ai,"
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226:; and
178:Career
158:, and
146:, 1/4
138:, 1/8
114:(born
1138:" at
508:Greed
424:Death
370:Dread
336:JSTOR
322:books
204:Greed
196:Dread
152:Irish
148:Black
81:Genre
2802:1999
2736:1998
2655:1997
2564:1996
2479:1995
2403:1994
2319:1993
2215:1992
2117:1991
2005:1990
1914:1989
1821:1988
1731:1987
1661:1986
1559:1985
1466:1984
1395:1983
1311:1982
1247:Alta
1240:1981
1189:1980
1026:2010
910:ISBN
777:ISSN
582:ISBN
562:ISBN
546:ISBN
529:ISBN
512:ISBN
498:ISBN
494:Fate
485:ISBN
472:ISBN
459:ISBN
308:news
247:Vice
208:Fate
200:Vice
186:and
122:for
76:Poet
60:Died
45:Born
1017:at
481:Sin
291:by
212:Sin
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