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Fort, but he failed to seize it despite the cracks he caused in the walls of the fort, because the artillery that the Pasha brought was suitable for striking defense centers built of Al-Rahas - clay -, every day spent in the army requires double hardship and hardship. Then there was the loss of camels that warned the army of the possibility of losing them all. The campaign's supplies and strength began to run out before it achieved its goal. Because of boredom and thirst, the army began to weaken, and it failed to achieve its basic mission, which was to prevent Al Saud's attacks on southern
594:, the absence of Thuwaini was a great opportunity because he posed a threat to them, and the disintegration of his army gave a boost to morale. The Wahhabis attacked the outskirts of Al-Muntafiq in Ramadan 1212 AH/1797 AD and went to the village of Umm Al-Abbas, which is close to the Shuyoukh market, and plundered it. Hamoud Al-Thamer pursued them, but they escaped and returned to their homes. Which prompted the ruler to prepare another campaign in 1798 AD, led by his daughter’s husband, “Ali al-Kahiya,” to invade Al-Ahsa in preparation for the march towards Diriyah.
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force equivalent to twice the trained force from the Aqeel and Ubaid tribes and from the
Shammar tribe led by Fares al-Jarba, and al-Muntafiq, led by Hamoud bin Thamer al-Saadoun. They were joined by the tribes of Al-Baij, Al-Zaqarit, Al-Qash’am, the people of Al-Zubayr, their prince Ibrahim Al-Thaqib, and groups from Al-Dhafeer. Al-Kahiya Muhammad Bey, the leader of the Ubaid tribe, was accompanied by an advisor on desert affairs, and those armies arrived in
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688:. Ali al-Kahiya had camped in a place called “Al-Shabak”, and then headed towards Thaj. Skirmishes took place between the two sides, which were to no avail, and neither side was victorious. Had it not been for the artillery and the tribes with the al-Kahiya (Al-Muntafiq, Shammar, Al-Ubaid, Qash’am, and others), Prince Saud would have defeated the campaign, so messengers began between them to begin the Peace
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644:. The camels became emaciated and a large number of them died, so the commander was forced to destroy much of his weapons or bury them in the dirt because he was unable to transport them. Supplies and ammunition decreased, so the soldiers asked their superiors to return, especially after news came that
639:
Castle held out for two months from 7 Ramadan - 7 Dhul-Qi'dah 1213 AH / 11 February – 11 April 1799 AD. The garrison of the fort of
Mubarraz was headed by Suleiman bin Muhammad bin Majid, the commander of Qatif Castle was Ibrahim bin Ufaisan, during which Ali al-Kahiya was ordered to besiege Al-Mirz
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on
January 2, 1799, AD, then Al-Zubair, Al-Rawdhatain, and Al-Jahra, and the expedition rented boats from the Sheikh of Kuwait, Abdullah Al-Sabah, to transport heavy equipment to Al-Uqair. Ten thousand camels carried water and other necessities, but their number was rapidly decreasing. The hardships
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clans, did not respond to the demands, as he referred them to his father. He only responded to the demand to evacuate Al-Ahsa, saying that it was a village outside the rule of the Turks and not worth the effort. In the end, Ali al-Kahiya agreed - through some senior tribal leaders - to conclude a
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ratification of the concluded agreement. The only success in that campaign was a raid by Sheikh Hamoud bin Thamer Al-Saadoun against the Subay tribes in Najd, from which he captured many sheep and camels, which helped the large army. However, Al-Saadoun rejected that peace treaty, which he found
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prepared a third major campaign and handed over its leadership to his deputy, Ali al-Kahiya. The campaign consisted of
Eighteen thousand with four thousand to five thousand Camels supported by an artillery column that was not very efficient, then an untrained force was added to it, an untrained
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of walking required many stops for many days. Given Ali Al-Kahiya's ignorance of military affairs and his poor treatment of the tribal leaders on whom he had to depend, many predicted the campaign's failure and collapse even before it took action.
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As soon as he learned of the withdrawal of Ali al-Kahiya's forces, he decided to pursue them. He preceded it and landed on the water of “Thaj” after he took control of northern Al-Ahsa with his forces, thus cutting off the al-Kahiya's return to
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As for Prince Saud bin Abdul Aziz, after the departure of the army, he quickly entered Al-Ahsa and ordered the beheadings of everyone who cooperated with the forces and confiscated their money. He then followed this up by attacking
704:, and then paying a fine. These demands were unrealistic, especially since they came in a time of failure and decline of the campaign. Therefore, Saud, the master of desert diplomacy and secretly connected to the
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prepared a large campaign of men and weapons and supplemented it with units from the
Shammar tribes led by Sheikh Faris bin Muhammad al-Jarba and Ali al-Kahiya. However, the campaign failed in its mission after a
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in a window near the sea on
Wednesday, June 28, 1797 AD / Muharram 4, 1212 AH. The ranks of the Iraqi campaign became turbulent, and their turmoil increased after the withdrawal of Barak Al-Sardah from
563:. He joined Ibn Mishari's army, and the Iraqi army collapsed and was forced to retreat. The Al Saud forces chased it and seized much of its equipment, cannons, ammunition, and a lot of spoils
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on the wells there to prevent them from using them. He yielded to the advice of his assistants, the most famous of whom was
Muhammad Bey, who suspected that he was corresponding with the
781:
Al-Saadoun, Hamid Hamad (1999). The
Emirate of Al-Muntafiq and its impact on the history of Iraq and the regional region 1546–1918. Amman, Jordan: Wael Publishing House.
95:
784:
Ibrahim, Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani (1992). The struggle of the princes, Najd's relationship with the political forces in the
Arabian Gulf 1800–1870. London: Dar Al-Saqi.
713:. he was able to take his army and return eight months after the start of the campaign with some face. He also took a representative of the House of Saud with him to
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550:. Thuwaini headed his campaign south towards Al-Ahsa. However, Al-Saadoun's campaign was not able to achieve its goal, because he was assassinated by one of
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after he returned the sheikhdom of Al-Muntafiq to him in the year 1796 AD. Thuwaini took advantage of that opportunity and announced a general mobilization.
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Ali al-Kahiya's demands during the negotiations that took place in the period from Dhul-Hijjah 1213 AH/May 1799 were: evacuating Al-Ahsa, treating the
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or the campaign of Ali Al-Kikhia was a campaign that took place in the year 1213 AH/1798 AD and was led by Ali Al-Kakhiya or Al-Kahiya to invade
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abandoned that idea and returned the sheikhdom of Al-Muntafiq to Hamoud Al-Thamer after he realized the enormity of what had happened. In
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Kirkukli. Doha Al-Wazir in the
History of Baghdad Al-Zawra’ Events. Translated by: Musa Kazem Nawras. Baghdad: Al Nahda Library.
582:. Nasser bin Abdullah, Thuwaini’s brother, tried to reconcile the defeat of the army, as he wanted to return the ball to the
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Al-Azzawi, Abbas (2004). Encyclopedia of the history of Iraq between two occupations. Baghdad: Arab House of Encyclopedias.
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positions with the exception of the two garrison of Qasr Sahoud in Mubarraz and Kut Al-Hofuf, and it was said that
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Lorimer, J. J. (1977). Gulf Guide, Historical Section. Doha Qatar: Library of the Emir of the State of Qatar.
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Winkirk, Stephen Hemsley (2004). Four Centuries of Modern Iraqi History (5th ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Rafidain.
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875:📖 ❞ كتاب دليل الخليج - القسم التاريخي - الجزء الخامس ❝ ⏤ جون غوردون لوريمر 📖
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gathered at him, and then the ruler provided him with an army that he met in
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The impact of the killing of Sheikh Thuwaini Al-Saadoun was significant in
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Spirits became so strong that they posed a real threat to the
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730:\, adjacent to Al-Ahsa, and captured it after a bloody raid.
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pilgrims with kindness, returning the cannons seized by the
477:. This campaign came out in the wake of the collapse of the
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attacks against the cities. And in the valley of southern
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in the year 1798 AD in preparation for the march towards
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closer to a truce than to a treaty of peace and peace.
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660:. He lifted the siege on them and tried to return to
810:(in Arabic). دار الرافدين للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع.
602:On Rabi’ al-Akhir 22, 1213 AH/October 2, 1798 AD,
87:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
858:موسوعة تاريخ العراق بين احتلالين- الجزء الرابع/
648:had blocked the road to them from the north of
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827:(in Arabic). دار وائل للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع.
8:
627:the al-Kahiya used the long, safer route to
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
495:after the assassination of Sheikh Thuwaini
210:
201:
16:Military campaign to invade Al-Ahsa (1798)
892:دوحة الوزراء في تاريخ وقائع بغداد الزوراء
631:. His forces were able to occupy all the
506:was established between the two parties.
479:Thuwaini bin Abdullah Al-Saadoun campaign
190:Learn how and when to remove this message
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
768:Notes on the Bedouins and Wahabys Vol.II
764:"Materials for a History of the Wahabys"
530:threat. The ruler assigned this task to
844:(in Arabic). دار الساقى للطباعة والنشر.
796:
739:
838:إبراهيم, عبد العزيز عبد الغني (1992).
709:six-year non-aggression pact with the
917:19th century in the Arabian Peninsula
804:لونكريك, المستر ستيفن هيمسلي (2004).
7:
497:. In the year 1798 AD, Mamluk ruler
912:Battles involving the House of Saud
889:الكركوكلي, رسول; نورس, موسى كاظم.
14:
807:أربعة قرون من تاريخ العراق الحديث
538:of Al-Muntafiq and the people of
34:This article has multiple issues.
522:, the Sublime Porte asked ruler
510:The Start of The campaign (1798)
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855:العزاوي, المحامي، عباس (2004).
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615:The target of the campaign was
42:or discuss these issues on the
692:The End of The campaign (1799)
1:
717:to receive from the ruler of
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467:The campaign of Ali Al-Kahiya
405:Hamoud bin Thamer Al-Saadoun
415:Faris bin Muhammad Al-Jarba
205:Ali al-Kahiya campaign(1798)
895:. بيروت: دار الكاتب العربي.
751:. Vol. 1. p. 252.
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861:. الدار العربية للموسوعات.
821:السعدون, حميد حمد (1999).
570:and the Sublime Porte. In
532:Sheikh Thuwaini Al-Saadoun
747:عثمان بن عبدالله بن بشر.
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749:عنوان المجد في تاريخ نجد
73:This article includes a
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102:more precise citations.
324:Commanders and leaders
671:forces advanced from
452:Casualties and losses
295:Mamluk dynasty (Iraq)
667:During his return,
652:, and was throwing
598:The campaign (1798)
491:Emirate of Muntafiq
394:Abdullah I Al-Sabah
360:Ibrahim bin Afaisan
318:Emirate of Muntafiq
307:Sheikhdom of Kuwait
681:Saud bin Abdulaziz
623:capital, and from
604:Sulayman the Great
588:Sulayman the Great
524:Sulayman the Great
499:Sulayman the Great
445:8,000-10,000 Arabs
372:Sulayman the Great
272:Emirate of Diriyah
168:for suggestions.
158:to this page from
75:list of references
922:Conflicts in 1866
526:to eliminate the
520:Ottoman Sultanate
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442:4,000-5,000 Turks
424:Ibrahim Al-Thaqib
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108:October 2023
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94:Please help
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36:Please help
33:
561:Bani Khalid
552:Bani Khalid
487:Mamluk Iraq
100:introducing
906:Categories
734:References
706:Iraqi army
514:After the
164:; try the
151:link to it
39:improve it
540:Az Zubayr
536:The Arabs
226:1798–1799
154:. Please
45:talk page
711:Wahhabis
702:Wahhabis
646:Ibn Saud
584:Wahhabis
548:Al-Jahra
516:Wahhabis
429:Strength
231:Location
719:Baghdad
715:Baghdad
677:Al-Ahsa
673:Diriyah
669:Al Saud
633:Wahhabi
629:Al-Ahsa
621:Wahhabi
617:Diriyah
576:Wahhabi
572:Baghdad
568:Baghdad
528:Wahhabi
483:Wahhabi
475:Diriyah
471:Al-Ahsa
236:Al-Ahsa
96:improve
658:Saudis
619:, the
556:slaves
460:slight
350:Saud I
247:Result
147:orphan
145:is an
728:Qatif
698:Iraqi
686:Basra
662:Basra
650:Hufuf
637:Qatif
625:Basra
609:Basra
544:Basra
504:peace
457:Heavy
81:, or
654:salt
642:Iraq
592:Najd
580:Iraq
542:and
434:8000
223:Date
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