301:, on a diplomatic mission to the Ais nation. The mission was a success; the Ais agreed to care for shipwrecked sailors for a ransom, and MexĂa completed a map of the Indian River area with their help. Numerous European artifacts from shipwrecks have been found in Ais settlements. When the Dickinson party reached the town, there was already in Jece another group of English from a shipwreck. European and African survivors of shipwrecks were fairly common along the coast. The Ais also traded with St. Augustine. Dickinson reports that one man of Jece had approximately five pounds of
372:... sent his son with his striking staff to the inlet to strike fish for us; which was performed with great dexterity; for some of us walked down with him, and though we looked very earnestly when he threw his staff from him could not see a fish at which time he saw it, and brought it onshore on the end of his staff. Sometimes he would run swiftly pursuing a fish, and seldom missed when he darted at him. In two hours time he got as many fish as would serve twenty men
43:
280:, in a river they call the Ais, because the cacique is so called. I, by a miracle reached the fort of St. Augustine with seventeen persons I was taking with me. Three times the Indians gave the order to attack me, and the way I escaped them was by ingenuity and arousing fear in them, telling them that behind me many Spaniards were coming who would slay them if they found them.
234:, established a fort and mission at an Ais town, which the Spanish called Santa LucĂa. After the Ais attacked the fort, killing 23 of the soldiers, the Spanish abandoned the fort and mission. Oathaqua was a major chief of the Ais. Governor Mendez de Canco reported in 1597 that this chief led more people than any other tribe.
450:'s house in Santa Lucea as "about forty foot long and twenty-five foot wide, covered with palmetto leaves both top and sides. There was a range of cabins, or a barbecue on one side and two ends. At the entering on one side of the house a passage was made of benches on each side leading to the cabins."
183:
by linguist Julian
Granberry, who points out that "Ais" means "the people" in the Chitimacha language. The Ais were hunter-gatherers and food was plentiful. They ate fish, turtle, shellfish, cocoplums, sabal palm berries and other gathered fruits. Prior to contact with European colonizers, the Ais
413:
being a piece of platwork of straws wrought of divers colors and of a triangular figure, with a belt of four fingers broad of the same wrought together, which goeth about the waist and the angle of the other having a thing to it, coming between the legs, and strings to the end of the belt; all three
187:
A burial mound, used by the Ais tribe for 500 to 1,000 years rises about twenty feet in Old Fort Park on Indian River Drive in Fort Pierce. This location later became an Army fort used during the Second
Seminole War (1838â1842) and it may be the location of a Spanish settlement, mission and military
199:, in which he makes observations on their appearance, diet, and customs. Dickinson and his party were shipwrecked, and spent several weeks among the Ais in 1696. By Dickinson's account, the chief of the town of Jece, near present-day Sebastian, was paramount to all of the coastal towns from the
343:
After 1703 the Ais were absorbed into the Costas tribe. Their numbers had diminished to 137 individuals by 1711. Diseases brought by the
Europeans eradicated the remaining Ais/Costas by the mid-1740âs. The Ais disappear from area records after 1760.
140:
388:
This day the
Cassekey ... made presents to some of us, especially to my wife; he gave her a parcel of shellfish, which are known by the name of clams; one or two he roasted and gave her, showing that she must serve the rest so, and eat
340:(in the area of present-day Miami). The priests assigned to that mission reported the presence of people they called "Santa Luces", perhaps a name for the Ais derived from "Santa Lucia", somewhere to the north of Biscayne Bay.
418:
He has little to say on how the women dressed, recording only that his wife and female slaves were given "raw deer skins" with which to cover themselves after their
European clothing had been taken away. Women of the
248:, and a patrol of Spanish soldiers from St. Augustine arrived in Jece while the Dickinson party was there. One Ais man in Jece had been taken away by the English to work as a diver on a wreck east of
1034:
902:
Jonathan
Dickinson's Journal or, God's Protecting Providence. Being the Narrative of a Journey from Port Royal in Jamaica to Philadelphia between August 23, 1696, to April 1, 1697
414:
meeting together are fastened behind by a horsetail, or a bunch of silkgrass exactly resembling it, of a flaxen color, this being all of the apparel or covering that the men wear.
1004:
188:
outpost dating back to 1567. The burial mound is several hundred feet around. The Indian River (called the "Rio de Ais" by the
Spanish colonizers) flows by within sight.
401:
Dickinson does not say anything about the Ais hunting, but they used deer skins. The neighboring Jaega people of Jobe gave the
Dickinson party a hog they had killed.
439:
Dickinson states that the town of Jece "stood about half a mile from the seashore within the land on the sound, being surrounded with a swamp, in which grew
1024:
1039:
423:
tribe, to the south of the Ais, were reported to wear "shawls" made of woven palm leaves, and "skirtsâ made from draped fibers from the
Spanish dagger (
305:; he "boasted that when he went for Augustine with that, he would purchase of the Spaniards a looking-glass, an axe, a knife or two, and three or four
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About noon was some fish brought us on small palmetto leaves, being boiled with scales, head and gills, and nothing taken from then but the gut
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This week we observed that great baskets of dried berries were brought in from divers towns and delivered to the king or Young
Caseekey
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I was wrecked at Cape Canaveral because of a storm which came upon me, and the other boat was lost fifteen leagues further on in the
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Sturtevant, William C. (1978). "The Last of the South Florida Aborigines". In Jeral Milanich & Samuel Proctor (Eds.).
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of Ais; the Indian River was known as the "River of Ais" to the Spanish. The Ais language has been linked to the
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Dickinson stated that the Ais "neither sow nor plant any manner of thing whatsoever," but fished and gathered
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population had grown to several hundred thousand and may have flourished for over 10,000 years.
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berries. Dickinson described the fishing technique of the neighboring Jaega people of Jobe thus:
192:
972:
Tacachale: Essays on the Indians of Florida and Southeastern Georgia during the Historic Period.
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eventually established some control over the coast; at first, the Ais considered them friends (
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252:. He got away when the ship put in for water in Cuba, and made his way back to his home via
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and their Indian allies started raiding the Ais, killing some and carrying captives to
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208:
164:
517:
The Encyclopedia of Florida Indians: Tribes, Nations, and People of the Woodlands Area
1013:
459:
191:
The best single source for information on the Ais at the end of the 17th century is
494:" resulted in a counter-proposal to name it "Ais Island". As of December 2012, the
409:
The Ais men wore a "loincloth" of woven palm leaves. Dickinson describes this as:
337:
931:
Bullen, Adelaide K. (1965). Chapter XXIV Florida Indians of Past and Present, in
926:
Peace Came in the Form of a Woman: Indians and Spaniards in the Texas Borderlands
909:"The Glades Indians and the Plants They Used: Ethnobotany of an Extinct Culture."
908:
42:
175:
consisted of a number of towns, each led by a chief who was subordinate to the
991:
428:
139:
550:, Yale University Publications in Anthropology : No. 45, Irving Rouse.
302:
272:
was sailing from Florida to Havana with two frigates when, as he tells it,
17:
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The Ais boiled their fish, and ate them from 'platters' of palmetto leaf:
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244:) and non-Spanish Europeans as enemies. A number of Ais men learned some
172:
163:. Their territory included coastal areas and islands from approximately
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369:
353:
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became acquainted with the Ais in middle of the 16th century. In 1566
253:
219:
573:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press. p. 47.
904:. Yale University Press. Reprinted (1981) Florida Classics Library.
470:, appear to have spoken a language related to that of the Ais. The
475:
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237:
200:
138:
393:
The Ais dried some of the berries they gathered for future use:
249:
900:
Andrews, Charles Mclean and Andrews, Evangeline Walker (1945).
143:
Approximate territory of the Ais tribe in the late 17th century
897:(2002). Karen Raley and Ann Raley Flotte. Arcadia Publishing.
36:
921:, 17(2):7 -11. (14 September 2002). Accessed 27 November 2005
625:"Ais Indians Tribe: Explore the native Americans of Florida"
490:
separating the Indian River Lagoon from the Atlantic Ocean "
855:"Feds reject moniker for Brevard's unnamed barrier island"
974:
Gainesville, Florida: The University Presses of Florida.
830:
828:
928:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
728:. Yale University Publications in Anthropology pg. 271.
600:"Early Native Americans | St. Lucie Historical Society"
478:
to the south were politically subordinate to the Ais.
384:
Dickinson also recorded a gift of clams to his wife:
1005:
List of Native American peoples in the United States
703:. Yale University Publications in Anthropology 45.
336:, the Spanish established a short-lived mission on
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
939:. (pp. 317â350). Southern Publishing Company.
218:The Ais had already had considerable contact with
570:The Calusa: Linguistic and Cultural Relationships
1035:Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands
520:. North American Book Dist LLC. pp. 72â73.
27:Extinct Native American Tribe of Eastern Florida
8:
958:Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe
443:trees, which hid the town from the sea."
211:in the north (that is, the length of the
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
498:has rejected both names for the island.
506:
496:United States Board on Geographic Names
309:(which is about five or six pounds) of
937:Florida from Indian Trail to Space Age
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427:), similar to the "grass" skirts of
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1025:History of Brevard County, Florida
726:Survey of Indian River Archaeology
701:Survey of Indian River Archaeology
548:Survey of Indian River Archaeology
514:Donald B. Ricky (1 January 1998).
25:
1040:Native American tribes in Florida
853:Neale, Rick (December 5, 2012).
748:Andrews and Andrews:28-29, 39-43
207:) in the south to approximately
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1020:Extinct Native American peoples
960:. University Press of Florida.
946:University Presses of Florida.
52:needs additional citations for
671:Andrews and Andrews:29, 31, 34
1:
884:. (1983). William R. Ervin.
285:Enslavement, war, and disease
1030:Indian River County, Florida
462:, who lived along the upper
956:Milanich, Jerald T. (1995)
942:Gannon, Michael V. (1965).
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907:Austin, Daniel W. (1997).
813:Andrews and Andrews:10, 23
777:Andrews and Andrews, p.13.
567:Granberry, Julian (2011).
454:Subject and related tribes
29:
1045:St. Lucie County, Florida
895:Melbourne and Eau Gallie.
795:Andrews and Andrews:25-26
822:Andrews and Andrews:23-4
649:"Florida anthropologist"
482:Ais Island name proposal
446:Dickinson describes the
270:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
228:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
629:www.floridiannature.com
486:A proposal to name the
1050:Martin County, Florida
944:The Cross in the Sand.
843:Andrews and Andrews:29
834:Andrews and Andrews:23
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724:Rouse, Irving (1981).
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32:AIS (disambiguation)
30:For other uses, see
256:and St. Augustine.
181:Chitimacha language
914:2006-05-25 at the
320:, settlers in the
222:by this time. The
193:Jonathan Dickinson
159:people of eastern
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76:"Ais people"
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
18:Ais language
533:29 December
468:Lake George
293:, Governor
242:comerradoes
1014:Categories
935:, Carson.
876:References
864:9 November
757:Sturtevant
658:2015-11-18
634:2023-01-22
605:2023-01-22
171:. The Ais
87:newspapers
689:Gannon:44
466:south of
370:Casseekey
307:mannocoes
303:ambergris
220:Europeans
999:See also
912:Archived
472:Surruque
421:Tequesta
405:Clothing
362:seagrape
358:cocoplum
354:palmetto
173:chiefdom
448:cacique
435:Housing
429:Hawai'i
311:tobacco
246:Spanish
224:Spanish
197:Journal
167:to the
161:Florida
155:were a
101:scholar
978:
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933:Tebeau
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460:Mayaca
330:slaves
254:Havana
103:
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502:Notes
476:Jaega
425:yucca
389:them.
332:. In
238:Spain
201:Jaega
108:JSTOR
94:books
976:ISBN
962:ISBN
948:ISBN
886:ISBN
866:2013
730:ISBN
705:ISBN
575:ISBN
552:ISBN
535:2011
522:ISBN
458:The
360:and
348:Diet
334:1743
318:1700
291:1605
266:1571
250:Cuba
151:or
147:The
80:news
368:he
313:."
289:In
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149:Ais
63:by
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