142:
212:
412:
2268:
1429:
1415:
1401:
1952:
785:
1453:
200:
2171:
1210:
1905:
1892:
685:
673:
1480:
811:
709:
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2218:
1441:
1284:
2119:
1094:
1048:
2231:
1354:
1342:
1330:
1318:
1306:
431:, Luftwaffe doctrine was to operate as a tactical air force in support of the army providing air defence and close air support against ground targets. Due to political considerations all German air defences were placed in the hands of the Luftwaffe, and Luftwaffe Flak units were attached to army units to provide ground-based air defence. In addition to self-protection and air defence roles, these Luftwaffe troops, of for example the
644:
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697:
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1879:
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661:
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2184:
2132:
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1466:
1260:
1248:
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797:
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821:
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1991:
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1072:
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932:
884:
871:
625:
122:
25:
1931:
771:
757:
743:
1978:
857:
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605:
242:, aircraft and other assets on the ground. Such attacks can be made by, for example, aircraft, cruise missiles and short range ballistic missiles. However, an adversary at a numerical, technological or other disadvantage may choose to attempt to disrupt flight operations by aiming to overrun or raid enemy air bases as early as possible, using blitzkrieg like tactics, for example
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1965:
1918:
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719:
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2012:
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291:, training other air force personnel in weapon skills and basic ground defence tactics, traditional combat operations, as well as providing leadership to other airmen in base defence roles. In addition to protecting their home bases and dispersals, air force ground forces will also provide force protection when air expeditionary forces are deployed abroad and of
358:
armed and mobile fast response units, often using armored vehicles, will attempt to intercept, identify and if necessary suppress the incursion. If attackers manage to gain entry into the working areas of the airbase, by subterfuge or other means, then the role of air force ground forces is to remove them using
510:
During the planning of the second front which became the invasion of
Normandy, it was foreseen that as the allied armies advanced, aircraft operating from airfields in England would be decreasingly effective and that to maintain air cover allied fighter squadrons would need to accompany the advancing
458:
One of the great successes of the German forces in World War II was the destruction of enemy air forces by over running them on the ground, and the use of airborne forces in advance and in support of ground operations. One of the vulnerabilities of this time was the loss of one's own airfields, which
442:
Flying units were also expected to closely follow the advancing army and as such could be expected to encounter enemy combatants during counterattacks or who had not been cleared; because of this, all
Luftwaffe personnel were trained to a higher level in infantry skills and tactics than was normal in
357:
In most forces a layered approach is used to deliver a defense in depth. Peacetime doctrine is to maintain the integrity of the perimeter through the use of watch posts and/or remote sensors, and if deemed necessary patrols within the perimeter. In the event of the perimeter being penetrated, heavily
486:
dated June 29, 1941, Churchill stated he would no longer tolerate the shortcomings of the Royal Air Force (RAF), in which half a million RAF personnel had no combat role. He ordered that all airmen be armed and ready to "fight and die in defence of their airfields" and that "every airfield should be
538:
First formed during World War II, the United States Air Force
Security Police were dramatically reduced in scope following the war. Post war the newly established United States Air Force (USAF) saw its primary role as a strategic one. Its base defense doctrine thus was one of security policing.
369:
and USAF Security Forces, sees the addition of another layer through the use of aggressive patrolling outside the perimeter to deter, detect and destroy would be attackers. The area around the airbase is mapped and prearranged fire plans are put in place to allow patrols to call down rapid and
515:
were created to service aircraft from newly built or captured airfields. However, they were fully commando trained and because of the forward nature of their operations, they were expected to help secure, make safe and defend from counterattack the airfields from which they operated.
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operations, usually being some of the first air force personnel on the ground. Moving towards the special operations spectrum of operations, is assaulting, capturing and securing of airfields for use by one's own aircraft.
1853:
558:, the United States Air Force pioneered the use of remote detection equipment, such as seismic detectors and ground surveillance radar, to detect infiltrators. Rifle squads responded, mounted in heavily armed
2242:
1322:
534:
resorted to attacking the United States Air Force on the ground, with infiltrators striking from both within and outside the perimeter. The United States Air Force
Security Police defended against them.
403:, which it also used to raid and harass the Germans, thus beginning the tradition of RAF armoured car operations. These were then disbanded in 1915 and the vehicles transferred to the British Army.
141:
42:
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1346:
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the airfields were a key objective for the
Germans, and their capture by paratroopers allowed their use by the gliders and transports of the main air landing force. The casualties in the
1846:
2328:
487:
a stronghold of fighting air-ground men, and not the abode of uniformed civilians in the prime of life protected by detachments of soldiers". Amongst the measures implemented were
447:, were part of the air force. Later in the war with Germany facing a manpower shortage, rather than release its personnel to the German Army, Göring chose instead to create the
1839:
1799:
Their performance during the 1968 Tet
Offensive was praised universally and transformed its image from a police and security organization to one of the Air Force's infantry.
1334:
1420:
323:, who perform roles on land in support of air force operations. These include units and individual personnel who operate independently or, with other military units.
2210:
1276:
1358:
802:
211:
507:, which could be raised to block a runway. However, rather than training all airmen as infantry on the German model, the RAF created instead the RAF Regiment.
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Not all air forces possess their own ground units and whether or not they do or is sometimes due to other factors such as political considerations and
61:
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2237:
1310:
525:
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435:, were also called upon to use their Flak guns in fire support and anti-armour roles, and it was in the hands of Luftwaffe airmen that the German
349:, domestic counter terrorism and hostage rescue missions; capturing airbases, establishing advanced airfields and conducting air traffic control.
68:
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748:
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To defend against ground attacks, most air forces train certain airmen in basic weapons handling skills and tactics; some train units as
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1997:
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875:
492:
234:
operations, and most cannot operate without fixed infrastructure, consumables, and trained personnel. An adversary may hope to achieve
57:
1715:
108:
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1638:
Prime
Minister to Secretary of State for Air and Chief of the Air Staff, 29 June 41. Included in appendix in Winston S. Churchill,
444:
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1609:
540:
331:
247:
1759:
Security Forces Airmen, the Air Force's infantry, operate with an air-mindedness that incorporates the implications of airpower.
539:
United States involvement in
Vietnam, however, brought a real and sustained threat of ground attack. To meet these threats the
478:
demanded that RAF airmen should be trained and equipped to defend themselves against ground attack. In a condemning memo to the
1970:
836:
594:
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1497:
563:
46:
550:
In a demarcation of combat roles the United States Army was primarily responsible for security outside of airbases, and the
2124:
1098:
551:
496:
2150:
1202:
82:
420:
2190:
1484:
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488:
218:
37th
Training Wing's Emergency Services Team use a team lift technique to enter a target building during training at
1514:
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wing that grew in size to some 20 squadrons. Using at first unarmoured vehicles to pick up downed aircrew and for
35:
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2163:
1983:
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1226:
1005:
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448:
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for these units, officers and non commissioned officers were transferred from the Flak and paratroop units.
436:
388:
277:. However, when dispersed in such a way, aircraft and personnel are even more vulnerable to ground attacks.
262:
219:
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in support of air to ground operations, for example illuminating targets for attack by laser-guided bombs.
207:("Wimik"), stopped on a road while conducting a combat mission near Kandahar Airfield, Afghanistan, in 2010
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other air forces of the time. Also because of political considerations German paratroopers, the
134:
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651:
475:
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if captured would give the enemy the infrastructure needed to build an air-bridge, during the
292:
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Other than base and asset defence roles, air force ground forces may have other roles such as
274:
1831:
1452:
1125:
598:
452:
391:(RNAS), one of the two British air arms that was amalgamated to create the RAF, operated an
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To protect against attacks against airbases, and from being overrun, some air forces have a
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130:
126:
1821:
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204:
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Current air base ground defense doctrine:are we postured to meet the expectations of AEF
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2217:
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810:
555:
320:
246:, or through the use of special forces and unconventional attacks, such as the Taliban
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doctrine that sees aircraft dispersed to secondary and emergency air bases, such as
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and thereby increasing the availability and responsiveness of aviation assets.
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Regiment (right) together with an
American Security Forces Specialist during a
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for patrolling the internal perimeter. However, rather than just rely upon
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164:
1773:"Air Force Security Forces Professionalism: Useful Insights for Leaders"
307:. Such units act as a force multiplier allowing the secure operation of
1977:
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1111:
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856:
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820:
708:
632:
531:
226:
Traditionally the primary rationale for air force ground forces is for
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1990:
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266:
180:
146:
261:, and, as was the case with the Royal Air Force's vertical take off
1053:
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To guard against British airfields falling to German paratroops as
467:
were such that they were largely used as ground troops thereafter.
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2011:
1951:
1930:
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airmen operating a 2 cm Flak 38 anti-aircraft cannon alongside a
203:
Personnel of the Royal Air Force Regiment in a Land Rover with a
636:
451:, using personnel surplus to the needs of flying operations; as
1835:
183:
assigned to such units may be trained, armed and equipped for
18:
289:
Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) defence
330:, including rescuing downed aircrews in hostile territory;
1740:"DISCOVERING AIR FORCE IDENTITY: AIRPOWER AND INNOVATORS"
1300:
Ukrainian Air Force Rifle Infantry Brigade (Consolidated)
345:
Other common roles include military weather forecasting,
1323:
United States Air Force Air Support Operations Squadrons
423:
Panzer II light tank during Operation Barbarossa in 1941
1911:
B Flight Combat Control Team (CCT), No. 4 Squadron RAAF
1565:"British Air and Space power doctrine AP3000 Edition 4"
370:
accurate indirect fire from attached mortars and other
1610:"A jump to the past: Airmen remember historic airdrop"
1192:
Segundo Escuadrón de Apoyo al Despliegue Aéreo (SEADA)
230:. Aircraft are most vulnerable when on the ground, to
238:
or protect itself from air attack first by attacking
145:
U.S. Air Force Special Tactics Commandos training in
2258:
1869:
578:US Air Force CSP (Combat Security Police) aboard a
399:security duties, it was the RNAS which created the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1640:The Grand Alliance: The Second World War, Volume 3
1487:Air Defense Artillery and Security Guards Command
1347:United States Air Force Special Tactics Squadrons
825:Estonian Air Force Base Defense Operations Center
570:List of air force ground and special forces units
547:doctrine that informs USAF practice to this day.
995:Base Defense Development & Training Squadron
1277:Combat Search and Rescue (Turkish Armed Forces)
1076:Royal Norwegian Air Force Base Defense Squadron
1030:Montenegrin Air Force Air Base Security Platoon
1458:it: Arditi distruttori della Regia Aeronautica
1359:United States Air Force Special Reconnaissance
2329:Air force ground defence units and formations
1847:
1780:apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a601613.pdf
1747:apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1018633.pdf
1421:1st Fallschirm-Panzer Division Hermann Göring
1372:Infanteria Aeronautica de la Aviacion Militar
1182:Escuadrón de Apoyo al Despliegue Aéreo (EADA)
1172:Escuadrón de Zapadores Paracaidistas (EZAPAC)
8:
58:"Air force ground forces and special forces"
1998:31st Search and Rescue Operations Squadron
1863:Air force ground forces and special forces
1854:
1840:
1832:
1716:31 Search & Rescue Operations Squadron
876:31st Search and Rescue Operations Squadron
153:Air force ground forces and special forces
1616:. United States Air Force. Archived from
530:In the face of US air superiority, North
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1335:United States Air Force Rescue Squadrons
803:Agrupación de Comandos Especiales Aéreos
265:, dispersals in forest clearings or the
1563:Staff; Ministry of Defence, Air Staff.
1531:
1386:Grupos de Operaciones Especiales Aeroes
1311:United States Air Force Security Forces
526:United States Air Force Security Forces
2243:USAF Air Support Operations Squadrons
1510:List of military special forces units
365:Wartime doctrine, in for example the
326:The chief missions in such units are
7:
1460:(Destroyer Commando Royal Air Force)
1238:Swedish Air Force Force Protection (
47:adding citations to reliable sources
2177:Parachute Reconnaissance Company 17
1215:Parachute Reconnaissance Company 17
1789:from the original on July 26, 2019
1771:Secrest, Justin (March 27, 2013).
815:Czech Air Force Security Squadrons
16:Land warfare units of an air force
14:
1152:6th Search & Rescue Air Group
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2010:
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1976:
1963:
1950:
1938:Agrupación Antisecuestros Aéreos
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1890:
1877:
1738:Sine, Jack (February 12, 2012).
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1478:
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1384:Venezuelan Air Force Commandos (
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1316:
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1265:RTAF Special Operations Regiment
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970:- Air Force Fusiliers Battalion)
968:(Battaglione Fucilieri dell'Aria
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749:Agrupación Antisecuestros Aéreos
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683:
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541:Phu Cat Air Base Security Forces
23:
2339:Lists of aviation organizations
1370:Venezuelan Air Force Infantry (
564:M113 armored personnel carriers
34:needs additional citations for
2248:USAF Special Tactics Squadrons
1815:The Air Force’s New Ground War
1661:"Soldaat vliegveldverdediging"
1608:Haux, Hailey (April 4, 2013).
1008:(Infantry and security forces)
925:Kopagsgat Quick Reaction Corps
439:was first used against tanks.
205:Weapons Mount Installation Kit
1:
2334:Infantry units and formations
2125:710th Special Operations Wing
1642:, p 693. RosettaBooks, 2010.
1099:710th Special Operations Wing
552:Republic of Vietnam Air Force
319:Some air forces also possess
2151:Sri Lanka Air Force Regiment
1971:Fusiliers Commandos de l'Air
1253:RTAF Security Force Regiment
1203:Sri Lanka Air Force Regiment
837:Fusiliers Commandos de l'Air
595:Fusiliers Commandos de l'Air
2196:Special Operations Regiment
2191:RTAF Security Force Command
1540:"Air Force Special Warfare"
1065:Nigerian Air Force Regiment
222:, Texas, on April 24, 2007.
2355:
1515:List of paratrooper forces
523:
480:Secretary of State for Air
2295:Royal Air Force Commandos
2280:Luftwaffe Field Divisions
2164:Swedish Air Force Rangers
2003:Hellenic Air Force Police
1984:German Air Force Regiment
1727:sv:Flygbassäkerhetstjänst
1446:Royal Air Force Commandos
1434:Luftwaffe Field Divisions
1227:Swedish Air Force Rangers
1006:RMAF Ground Defence Force
889:Hellenic Air Force Police
850:German Air Force Regiment
713:Force Protection Squadron
648:Swedish Air Force Rangers
449:Luftwaffe Field Divisions
401:Rolls-Royce armoured cars
332:long-range reconnaissance
2211:Combat Search and Rescue
1885:Special Operations Group
1687:"Air Force - Kaitsevägi"
666:Special Operations Group
489:improvised armoured cars
328:combat search and rescue
1898:Airfield Defence Guards
1614:United States Air Force
1472:Caçadores Paraquedistas
678:Airfield Defence Guards
545:Air Base Ground Defense
389:Royal Naval Air Service
220:Lackland Air Force Base
777:Infanteria de Aviación
654:
640:
621:
601:
586:
560:Cadillac Gage Commando
484:Chief of the Air Staff
424:
397:line of communications
223:
208:
149:
138:
2099:RNZAF Security Forces
1574:. MoD. Archived from
1041:RNZAF Security Forces
646:
627:
607:
592:
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505:Pickett-Hamilton fort
414:
305:inter-service rivalry
232:offensive counter air
214:
202:
144:
124:
2238:USAF Security Forces
2112:Special Service Wing
2073:17º Stormo Incursori
2018:Garud Commando Force
1958:PLAAF Airborne Corps
1943:Comandos de Aviación
1087:Special Service Wing
982:17º Stormo Incursori
901:Garud Commando Force
790:PLAAF Airborne Corps
763:Comandos de Aviación
629:Indonesian Air Force
610:Special Service Wing
360:close quarter battle
248:raid on Camp Bastion
244:Operation Barbarossa
43:improve this article
2032:Bravo Detachment 90
1782:. Air War College.
1685:Kaitsevägi, Eesti.
1162:Combat Control Team
1019:RMAF Special Forces
985:(17th Raiders Wing)
913:Bravo Detachment 90
702:No. 41 Squadron BAF
690:No. 4 Squadron RAAF
631:commandos from the
616:during training at
503:, most notably the
372:crew served weapons
340:forward air control
163:. They may include
1820:2017-06-27 at the
1620:on October 6, 2014
1052:Luchtvaarttroepen
724:Air Force Infantry
655:
641:
622:
614:Pakistan Air Force
602:
587:
425:
224:
209:
189:special operations
150:
139:
2316:
2315:
1749:. Air War College
1597:978-0-9552189-7-2
652:Swedish Air Force
476:Winston Churchill
275:Swedish Air Force
137:, Germany in 2007
125:An airman of the
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2048:
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2015:
2014:
1994:
1993:
1981:
1980:
1968:
1967:
1955:
1954:
1934:
1933:
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1907:
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1693:. Archived from
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1581:on June 11, 2014
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32:This article
30:
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20:
2224:RAF Regiment
1862:
1798:
1791:. Retrieved
1779:
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1751:. Retrieved
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1699:. Retrieved
1695:the original
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1622:. Retrieved
1618:the original
1613:
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1576:the original
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1289:RAF Regiment
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429:World War II
426:
407:World War II
393:armoured car
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367:RAF Regiment
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157:land warfare
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133:exercise at
105:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
863:Kampfretter
482:and to the
383:World War I
347:pathfinding
2323:Categories
1701:29 October
1670:29 October
1648:0795311443
1585:October 3,
1549:2024-06-30
1526:References
1240:Flygbassäk
964:16º Stormo
618:Fort Lewis
433:Flak Corps
297:air bridge
69:newspapers
1591:page 22,
1544:Air Force
1485:Air Force
950:Unit 5101
635:Corps in
501:pillboxes
493:Armadillo
417:Luftwaffe
195:Rationale
161:air force
2308:Unit 684
2058:Unit 669
2037:Kopasgat
1924:Para-SAR
1818:Archived
1793:July 25,
1784:Archived
1504:See also
1498:Unit 684
1393:Historic
937:Unit 669
736:Para-SAR
639:Air Base
437:88mm gun
353:Doctrine
293:airheads
282:infantry
263:Harriers
240:airbases
165:infantry
155:are the
2259:Defunct
1870:Current
1753:May 26,
1520:Marines
1112:JW GROM
650:of the
633:Paskhas
620:in 2007
612:of the
597:of the
532:Vietnam
520:Vietnam
427:During
415:German
378:History
295:during
83:scholar
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499:, and
472:Maleme
271:Bas 90
267:Bas 60
181:Airmen
175:, and
147:Jordan
85:
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1787:(PDF)
1776:(PDF)
1743:(PDF)
1579:(PDF)
1568:(PDF)
497:Bison
474:had,
453:cadre
90:JSTOR
76:books
1795:2019
1755:2019
1703:2017
1672:2017
1644:ISBN
1626:2014
1593:ISBN
1587:2014
637:Biak
562:and
421:Heer
387:The
338:and
269:and
187:and
62:news
1572:RAF
495:or
45:by
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