40:
1194:
509:
420:
163:
339:, and various Ayyubid princelings based in Syria, against al-Kamil. However, Kayqubad died early in the summer of that year, and al-Ashraf himself died on 27 August, breaking up the alliance. Al-Ashraf was succeeded in Damascus by his younger brother,
214:. The Ayyubids had come to the city at the invitation of people of Ahlat after the last Sökmenli ruler was killed by Tuğrulshah, the ruler (melik) of Erzurum on behalf of the Sultanate of Rum and brother of Sultan Kayqubad I. By 1209
250:
with
Georgia, thus ending the immediate Georgian threat to the Ayyubids. This brought the struggle for the Armenian lands to a stall, leaving the Lake Van region to the Ayyubids of Damascus.
571:
516:
427:
39:
1231:
755:
218:
challenged
Ayyubid rule in the Armenian highlands and led a liberation war for south Armenia. The Georgian army besieged Khlat. In response Ayyubid
1255:
1133:
661:
630:
600:
555:
447:: "This copper dirham, minted at Mayyafariqin in 587 AH (1190/01 AD) shows Saladin wearing the sharbush hat of a Saljuq-style Turkish ruler."
331:
in the
Transjordan region. A number of years later, al-Ashraf began to chafe under his brother's authority, and in 1237 allied himself with
1265:
1260:
1270:
1158:
887:
340:
71:
336:
834:
799:
725:
1224:
748:
372:
1275:
978:
1193:
311:
of Egypt. Instead, al-Ashraf and al-Kamil came to an agreement to divide their nephew's lands between them. Al-Ashraf
327:
and acknowledged his supremacy, while an-Nasir had to be satisfied with the possession of a principality centered on
1168:
862:
1217:
741:
312:
480:
demonstrated support for Salah al-Din. Under the later Bahri
Mamluks of Egypt and Syria it formed part of the
374:
The
Encyclopaedia of Islam: A Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples
242:
accidentally fell into the hands of the al-Awhad on the outskirts of Ahlat. Using Ivane as a bargaining chip,
1108:
1023:
764:
247:
30:
1018:
1013:
1008:
508:
419:
1250:
1098:
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963:
897:
824:
1103:
688:
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513:
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288:
215:
1113:
872:
300:
162:
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1063:
1033:
973:
657:
626:
596:
590:
551:
195:
1201:
620:
444:
927:
715:
622:
Rumi - Past and
Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings, and Poetry of Jal l al-Din Rumi
467:
316:
239:
768:
151:
103:
1173:
1163:
1053:
938:
922:
902:
892:
877:
829:
819:
794:
708:
698:
304:
243:
235:
61:
1244:
198:. He continued to rule the region after the death of his father in 1218, until 1229.
1143:
932:
352:
265:
179:
458:
303:'s death in 1227, al-Ashraf received a request from his nephew, al-Muazzam's son,
651:
545:
528:
733:
259:"The Victorious King, Righteousness of the World and the Faith, Yusuf ibn Ayyub"
207:
176:"The Victorious King, Righteousness of the World and the Faith, Yusuf ibn Ayyub"
123:
1148:
1138:
1088:
1044:
968:
814:
332:
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804:
681:
219:
187:
113:
481:
471:
182:
mint, dated 1215. Similar coins were also minted during
Saladin's lifetime.
1028:
848:
809:
477:
324:
308:
261:, following the model of earlier coins from the time of Saladin himself.
1124:
958:
857:
789:
320:
254:
231:
167:
98:
913:
776:
281:
273:
269:
222:
assembled and personally led a large army that included the emirs of
191:
171:
234:
as well as contingents from other
Ayyubid principalities to support
495:
For a similar coin at the
British Museum minted in AH 586/1190 CE:
406:
For a similar coin at the
British Museum minted in AH 586/1190 CE:
1079:
780:
328:
277:
211:
161:
147:
323:
as well in 1230. In return, he ceded his lands in Mesopotamia to
989:
949:
844:
547:
From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260
227:
223:
737:
174:
minted under Al-Ashraf Musa in 1215-1216, with obverse legend:
253:
During his tenure, he minted some coins with the effigy of
44:
Coin copper coins of Al-Ashraf muzaffar al-din in Al-Jazira
1200:
This biography of a member of an Asian royal house is a
1205:
315:
in June 1229 and took control of the city, serving as
395:. London: Royal Numismatic Society. p. Coin 182.
238:, emir of Jazira. During the siege, Georgian general
210:
was taken over by the Ayyubids, who had long coveted
1122:
1077:
1042:
987:
947:
911:
843:
775:
476:By the end of the 12th century, the wearing of the
460:
A History of Islamic Court Dress in the Middle East
119:
109:
97:
85:
77:
67:
57:
49:
23:
572:"American Numismatic Society: Browse Collection"
1225:
749:
8:
144:Al-Ashraf Musa Abu'l-Fath al-Muzaffar ad-Din
595:. Cambridge University Press. p. 172.
397:, also Whelan Type III, 258-60; Album 791.4
190:, al-Ashraf was installed by his father in
1232:
1218:
756:
742:
734:
670:
38:
20:
544:Humphreys, R. Stephen (1 January 1977).
466:. SOAS, London University. p. 119.
506:, and another one also minted in 1190:
440:
417:, and another one also minted in 1190:
364:
246:agreed to release him in return for a
625:. Oneworld Publications. p. 69.
619:Franklin D. Lewis (18 October 2014).
607:Tamta, Ayyubid Wife of al-Ashraf Musa
386:
384:
7:
1190:
1188:
533:. Ganatleba Publishers. p. 154.
484:given to an amir on his investiture.
436:
434:
650:Nicolle, David (20 December 2011).
158:Governor of the Jezireh (1201–1229)
1204:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
589:Eastmond, Antony (20 April 2017).
319:until his death in 1237. He took
307:, for aid in opposing his brother
14:
1192:
550:. SUNY Press. pp. 130–131.
527:Lortʻkʻipʻaniże, Mariam (1987).
507:
418:
377:. E.J. Brill. 1913. p. 441.
530:Georgia in the XI-XII Centuries
457:Lesley Baker, Patricia (1988).
578:. American Numismatic Society.
287:He took the Georgian princess
1:
498:"Saladin coin British Museum"
409:"Saladin coin British Museum"
142:(died 27 August 1237), fully
1256:Muslims of the Fifth Crusade
295:Emir of Damascus (1229–1237)
1266:13th-century Ayyubid rulers
1261:13th-century Kurdish people
393:The Coinage of the Ayyubids
194:in 1201 as Governor of the
1292:
1187:
264:His coinage was minted in
1271:Ayyubid emirs of Damascus
722:
713:
705:
695:
686:
678:
673:
656:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
37:
28:
1029:al-Mu'ayyad Abu al-Fida
1169:Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi
1024:al-Muzaffar III Mahmud
800:al-Mansur Nasir al-Din
472:10.25501/SOAS.00033676
183:
1019:al-Mansur II Muhammad
1014:al-Muzaffar II Mahmud
1009:al-Nasir Kilij Arslan
502:www.britishmuseum.org
413:www.britishmuseum.org
291:as one of his wives.
165:
1109:al-Muzaffar Sulaiman
1004:al-Mansur I Muhammad
964:Muhammad ibn Shirkuh
898:al-Muazzam Turanshah
825:al-Muazzam Turanshah
337:Seljuk Sultan of Rûm
140:Al-Ashraf Shah Arman
1276:Asian royalty stubs
1094:Tughtakin ibn Ayyub
959:Asad ad-Din Shirkuh
999:al-Muzaffar I Umar
299:After his brother
240:Ivane Mkhargrdzeli
202:conquest of Khilat
186:The son of Sultan
184:
1213:
1212:
1182:
1181:
1069:al-Kamil Muhammad
1064:al-Muzaffar Ghazi
1034:al-Afdal Muhammad
974:al-Mansur Ibrahim
732:
731:
723:Succeeded by
696:Succeeded by
663:978-1-84908-318-8
632:978-1-78074-737-8
602:978-1-107-16756-8
557:978-0-87395-263-7
313:captured Damascus
248:thirty year truce
129:
128:
93:(aged 58–59)
1283:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1196:
1189:
928:al-Aziz Muhammad
758:
751:
744:
735:
716:Emir of Damascus
706:Preceded by
679:Preceded by
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667:
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317:emir of Damascus
220:Sultan al-Adil I
92:
42:
31:Emir of Damascus
21:
18:Emir of Damascus
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1284:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1159:as-Salih Ismail
1134:Ibn al-Muqaddam
1118:
1114:al-Mas'ud Yusuf
1099:al-Muizz Ismail
1080:Yemen and Hejaz
1073:
1038:
983:
943:
907:
888:as-Salih Ismail
873:al-Mu'azzam Isa
839:
771:
769:Ayyubid dynasty
762:
728:
726:As-Salih Ismail
719:
711:
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692:
684:
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576:numismatics.org
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341:as-Salih Ismail
297:
257:and the legend
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152:Ayyubid dynasty
90:
72:As-Salih Ismail
45:
19:
12:
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1174:an-Nasir Yusuf
1171:
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1164:as-Salih Ayyub
1161:
1156:
1154:al-Ashraf Musa
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
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1104:an-Nasir Ayyub
1101:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1075:
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1066:
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1059:al-Ashraf Musa
1056:
1054:al-Awhad Ayyub
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979:al-Ashraf Musa
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939:an-Nasir Yusuf
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923:az-Zahir Ghazi
919:
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909:
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906:
905:
903:an-Nasir Yusuf
900:
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893:as-Salih Ayyub
890:
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883:al-Ashraf Musa
880:
878:an-Nasir Dawud
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835:al-Ashraf Musa
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830:Shajar al-Durr
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820:as-Salih Ayyub
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795:al-Aziz Uthman
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689:Emir of Harran
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674:Regnal titles
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391:Balog (1980).
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305:An-Nasir Dawud
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136:al-Ashraf Musa
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89:27 August 1237
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62:An-Nasir Dawud
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593:
592:Tamta's World
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582:
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531:
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209:
206:In 1207, the
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150:ruler of the
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41:
36:
33:
32:
27:
22:
16:
1206:expanding it
1199:
1184:
1153:
1058:
933:Dayfa Khatun
882:
714:
687:
652:
621:
614:
606:
591:
584:
575:
566:
546:
539:
529:
522:
501:
491:
475:
459:
452:
441:Nicolle 2011
412:
402:
392:
373:
367:
353:Aqsab Mosque
298:
286:
266:Mayyafariqin
263:
258:
252:
205:
185:
180:Mayyafariqin
175:
166:Portrait of
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:
91:(1237-08-27)
29:
15:
1251:1237 deaths
1144:Farrukhshah
1127:(1175–1260)
1082:(1173–1228)
1047:(1180–1260)
992:(1175–1341)
952:(1175–1262)
916:(1177–1260)
851:(1174–1260)
783:(1171–1250)
301:al-Mu'azzam
178:. Probable
124:Sunni Islam
58:Predecessor
1245:Categories
1149:Bahramshah
1139:Turan-Shah
1089:Turan-Shah
1045:Diyar Bakr
969:al-Mujahid
815:al-Adil II
720:1229–1237
693:1218–1229
443:, p.
359:References
333:Kayqubad I
208:Shah-Arman
1123:Emirs of
1078:Emirs of
1043:Emirs of
988:Emirs of
948:Emirs of
912:Emirs of
868:al-Adil I
805:al-Adil I
682:Al-Adil I
188:al-Adil I
132:Al-Ashraf
114:Al-Adil I
68:Successor
53:1229–1237
935:(regent)
863:al-Afdal
849:Damascus
810:al-Kamil
478:sharbush
347:See also
325:al-Kamil
309:al-Kamil
244:al-Awhad
236:al-Awhad
146:, was a
120:Religion
1125:Baalbek
858:Saladin
790:Saladin
777:Sultans
767:of the
653:Saladin
644:Sources
512:. Also
423:. Also
321:Baalbek
255:Saladin
232:Baalbek
216:Georgia
196:Jezireh
168:Saladin
148:Kurdish
104:Ayyubid
99:Dynasty
914:Aleppo
765:Rulers
660:
629:
599:
554:
482:khil'a
335:, the
282:Harran
274:Akhlat
270:Sinjar
230:, and
192:Harran
172:dirham
110:Father
845:Emirs
781:Egypt
464:(PDF)
329:Kerak
289:Tamta
278:Irbil
212:Ahlat
170:on a
50:Reign
1202:stub
990:Hama
950:Homs
658:ISBN
627:ISBN
597:ISBN
552:ISBN
228:Hama
224:Homs
86:Died
81:1178
78:Born
847:of
779:of
468:doi
138:or
134:or
1247::
605:.
574:.
515:,
500:.
474:.
445:26
433:^
426:,
411:.
383:^
343:.
284:.
280:,
276:,
272:,
268:,
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154:.
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750:t
743:v
666:.
635:.
560:.
504:.
470::
415:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
