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68:
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778:('Military District'), thought to date from the 11th century and to have been inhabited by the ruler's other officials and servants. It is one of the best-preserved areas of the citadel due to the fact that it was not rebuilt or repurposed in later centuries, but it is not open to the public today. The area contains eight houses connected by narrow streets. Some of the houses were reconstructed in the 20th century while others were preserved and are sheltered by a protective roof. One of the largest houses has its own
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481:
586:) a heavily-fortified gate on the western side of the enclosure. This gate is flanked by towers and has a straight passage with two doorways, between which is a small space open to the sky where defenders could attack intruders from above. The gate fell into ruin over the centuries and was largely demolished in 1854; the current structure was reconstructed in the 20th century with the help of historical illustrations. On the eastern side of the inner citadel is the large
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364:
621:
767:('Courtyard of the Pool'), has one long central pool, again surrounded by original tile paving. On the northeast side of this section is another courtyard, the Patio del Aljibe, which may or may not have been part of the Nasrid palace as well. It is now occupied by the restoration workshop of the Alcazaba. It is named after a cistern built under it with an area of approximately 25 square metres (270 sq ft).
534:
463:('Place/Square of Arms'), now occupied by gardens. No original remains are extant in this area, but archeological work uncovered remains of a former parish church, probably from the time of Ferdinand and Isabella (right after the city was captured), which was built on top of a former mosque. Some parts of the outer enclosure are closed to the public today, including a large
432:, reused from the nearby Roman theatre, that are integrated into the gate's façade. In the 18th century, the mayor or governor of the Alcazaba built his residence on top of this gate. Over time houses and residences were built along much of the entrance passage and covered it, so that by the 19th century it was known as the "Alcazaba Tunnel" (
676:
Adjacent on the southwest side of the main chamber and portico is a small annex. A square chamber at the entrance of this annex is surrounded on all four sides by pairs of intersecting multifoil arches, although the arches on the southwest side (looking towards the city and the sea) were created by
754:
The rest of the area northeast of the Taifa palace is occupied by a Nasrid palace with various rooms and porticos arranged around two rectangular courtyards. Most of this palace was reconstructed or restored in the 20th century on the basis of archeological remains. The first (southern) courtyard,
656:
The first (southernmost) of them is the only one that dates to the Taifa period (11th century). The northern wing of this palace has disappeared and is replaced by trees today. Only the southern wing or pavilion remain standing, though it was also heavily restored by
Leopoldo Torres Balbás in the
371:
The
Alcazaba of Málaga is built on a hill in the centre of the city, overlooking the port, and comprises two walled enclosures, one contained within the other. Each enclosure is defended by a wall fortified with towers. The inner enclosure occupies the summit of the hill and contains the palaces.
590:('Tower of Tribute'), built during the 11th century but rebuilt in the Nasrid period. During the 20th-century restoration campaigns the tower was preserved instead of reconstructed. Inside the inner citadel is a series of courtyard residences known as the
455:, 'Tower of the Christ'), another bent-entrance gate that finally leads into the outer citadel enclosure. The gate and its tower are so-named because one of the chambers in the tower was used as a chapel during the 19th century and housed an
673:. This arcade reflects the earlier caliphal style of Madinat al-Zahra (10th-century), but in a much smaller and simpler form. This element may date from the early days of Hammudid rule in the city, under Yahya I (r. 1021-1036).
372:
Along with the double-layered fortifications, a total of five gates had to be crossed in order to reach the palace areas. This design contrasts with the earlier sprawling palace complexes that were built during the
700:
in the 12th-13th century, with vestiges of decoration from this era. Across from it, to the northeast, is a large chamber dating from the 16th century (after the
Christian conquest) and featuring a wooden
1275:
347:
Starting in the 18th century, the
Alcazaba's military function ceased. It was occupied by civilian residents and became a marginal neighbourhood of the city. Starting in 1933, under the direction of
323:(r. 1333–1354), also on the site of previous fortifications. Yusuf also built a walled corridor connecting the castle with the lower citadel, creating a nearly impregnable fortified complex.
1239:
280:
and industrial facilities. A Roman theater, excavated and visible today, was built into the western slope of the hill in the 1st century AD. After the Muslim conquest of the
661:
with arches, restored by Torres Balbás in a Nasrid style but possibly standing on top of original remains. Behind this is a small rectangular chamber entered via another
548:
492:
1305:
480:
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340:, which began on 6 May 1487 and ended with the surrender of the city on 18 August that same year. After their victory, the monarchs raised their standard at the
295:
in the early 11th century, probably under the reign of Yahya I (r. 1021–1036), from which time some of the preserved palace architecture may date. Following the
963:
246:. The current complex was begun in the 11th century and was modified or rebuilt multiple times up to the 14th century. It is one of the best-preserved
665:
with three horseshoe arches. The arches are supported by two columns in the middle and two engaged columns on the sides and are decorated with carved
83:
519:
1295:
1280:
307:(d. 1073), possibly the double-walled fortifications or a wider reconstruction. In the early 14th century, when Malaga was under the control of the
319:, including the fortifications and the palatial residences. The Castle of Gibralfaro, on a higher hill to the east, was built by the Nasrid emir
602:
1031:
412:
The outer entrance to the citadel is via a climbing passage that passes through multiple gates and doubles back on itself twice (known as a "
384:), and demonstrates the importance of military impregnability for the rulers of this period. The fortress was formerly connected to the city
459:
depicting Christ. Beyond the gate, a short distance to the west and inside the outer citadel enclosure, is an open space now known as the
1315:
471:, which cuts into the bedrock to a depth of 30 meters, where a natural water source was used to supply the inhabitants of the citadel.
1300:
681:
but they are simpler and serve a more strictly decorative purpose, foreshadowing the more elaborate arches of the later 11th-century
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early 20th century. This pavilion has an inner façade (facing north to the former courtyard) and is entered via a wide
424:('Gate of the Columns'), which is a simpler straight passage. The name of the latter gate comes from the two Roman-era
67:
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296:
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333:
416:"), a design intended to make progress difficult for attacking forces. Part-way up, the passage goes through the
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348:
337:
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31:
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Torres Balbás. These multifoil arches are similar to the precedents found in the 10th-century expansion of the
284:
in the early 8th century, historical sources mention the existence of a fortress on the hill, constructed by
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377:
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429:
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since around 600 BC, and remains of a
Phoenician fortification wall have been uncovered there. During the
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312:
924:
Robinson, Cynthia (1992). "Arts of the Taifa
Kingdoms". In Dodds, Jerrilynn D. (ed.).
268:
The
Gibralfaro and the hill on which the Alcazaba is built was previously occupied by
252:
in Spain. The
Alcazaba is also connected by a walled corridor to the higher Castle of
1269:
413:
759:('Courtyard of the Orange Trees'), has preserved two original pools and their paved
692:
Directly behind the southern pavilion is an outer fortification tower known as the
273:
1241:
Architecture of the
Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800
682:
351:, the residents were evacuated and restorations of the Alcazaba began, along with
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594:(Quarters of Granada) which served as the home of the kings and governors.
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54:
420:('Gate of the Vault'), which forms one of the bends, and then through the
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670:
248:
606:
The southern pavilion of the Taifa palace (seen from the courtyard side)
658:
166:
443:, another narrow space enclosed by walls continues upward towards the
388:
which formed a third defensive wall. According to architect restorer,
779:
425:
227:
965:
Islamic Palace
Architecture in the Western Mediterranean: A History
601:
566:
448:
362:
239:
58:
1023:
The Last Crusade in the West: Castile and the Conquest of Granada
486:
External view towards the entrance fortifications of the Alcazaba
256:, and adjacent to the entrance of the Alcazaba are remnants of a
760:
464:
578:
The inner or upper enclosure can only be accessed through the
276:
period of the city (after 205 BC), the area was occupied by a
866:
M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Málaga".
930:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 52–55.
498:
View of the entrance passage and outer gates of the Alcazaba
763:
decoration. The second (northern) courtyard, known as the
404:, with its double walls and massive entry fortifications.
770:
The rest of the space between the Nasrid palace and the
1276:
Buildings and structures completed in the 11th century
868:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
303:
in 1056, some additions were made during the reign of
1077:
La alcazaba de Málaga. Historia a través de su imagen
202:
582:('Gate of the Granada Quarters', also known as the
158:
150:
145:
137:
127:
122:
114:
77:
38:
705:ceiling. Today it houses a model of the Alcazaba.
669:decorations, with alternating plain and decorated
1108:Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers
968:. Oxford University Press. pp. 152–156.
870:. Oxford University Press. pp. 436–437.
392:, the Alcazaba of Málaga is the prototype of
8:
992:Barrucand, Marianne; Bednorz, Achim (1992).
336:captured Málaga from the Muslims during the
288:(r. 756–788) and including a mosque inside.
1137:"Fortificaciones de Ingreso de la Alcazaba"
217:
311:, the Alcazaba was largely rebuilt by the
242:, built during the period of Muslim-ruled
35:
367:Model of the Alcazaba (displayed on site)
813:
473:
326:In a crucial event near the end of the
27:Palatial fortification in Málaga, Spain
1104:"Málaga Citadel and Gibralfaro Castle"
291:The current Alcazaba was begun by the
1244:. Yale University Press. p. 94.
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141:Well-preserved (partly reconstructed)
7:
1075:Dialnet.es, Fanny de Carranza Sell,
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1026:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
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927:Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain
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819:
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72:The Alcazaba of Málaga from the sea.
1048:"Castillo de Gibralfaro - Historia"
557:, the entrance to the inner citadel
192:
1306:Buildings and structures in Málaga
25:
1211:"Recinto Superior de la Alcazaba"
1169:"Recinto Inferior de la Alcazaba"
1052:Alcazaba y Castillo de Gibralfaro
994:Moorish architecture in Andalusia
833:Alcazaba y Castillo de Gibralfaro
234:) is a palatial fortification in
737:
722:
638:
633:at the entrance of the main hall
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580:Puerta de los Cuartos de Granada
555:Puerta de los Cuartos de Granada
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518:
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491:
479:
66:
1296:Archaeological museums in Spain
1281:Alcazars and Alcazabas in Spain
1020:O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2014).
380:periods of Al-Andalus (such as
260:dating to the 1st century AD.
1:
1102:Llorente, Margarita Sánchez.
996:. Taschen. pp. 124–127.
782:(bath facility) and toilets.
774:is occupied by the so-called
696:, which was remodeled by the
184:[alkaˈθaβa,alkaˈsaβa]
1238:Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020).
510:The bending passage of the
203:
1332:
1316:Architecture of the Taifas
29:
1301:Open-air museums in Spain
154:10th century-15th century
65:
52:
43:
32:Alcazaba (disambiguation)
709:Nasrid palace and houses
679:Great Mosque of Cordoba
359:Layout and architecture
332:, the Spanish monarchs
962:Arnold, Felix (2017).
892:"Málaga Roman Theater"
607:
575:
526:Puerta de las Columnas
441:Puerta de las Columnas
422:Puerta de las Columnas
390:Leopoldo Torres Balbás
368:
349:Leopoldo Torres Balbás
344:in the inner citadel.
334:Ferdinand and Isabella
829:"Alcazaba - Historia"
757:Patio de los Naranjos
731:Patio de los Naranjos
605:
570:
563:Inner (upper) citadel
475:Gates of the Alcazaba
408:Outer (lower) citadel
394:military architecture
366:
1286:Castles in Andalusia
896:World Monuments Fund
802:Spanish architecture
797:Moorish architecture
434:Túnel de la Alcazaba
213:[alˈqasˤaba]
99:36.72139°N 4.41556°W
1311:Nasrid architecture
765:Patio de la Alberca
746:Patio de la Alberca
598:Taifa-period palace
584:Puerta de los Arcos
512:Puerta de la Bóveda
451:', also called the
418:Puerta de la Bóveda
95: /
1215:Alcazaba de Málaga
1173:Alcazaba de Málaga
1141:Alcazaba de Málaga
772:Torre del Homenaje
694:Torre de Maldonado
608:
592:Cuartos de Granada
588:Torre del Homenaje
576:
573:Torre del Homenaje
461:Plaza de las Armas
369:
342:Torre del Homenaje
309:Emirate of Granada
104:36.72139; -4.41556
46:Alcazaba de Málaga
39:Alcazaba of Málaga
18:Alcazaba de Málaga
1291:Museums in Málaga
1033:978-0-8122-4587-5
716:The Nasrid palace
649:in the side annex
540:Puerta del Cristo
301:Zirids of Granada
297:capture of Malaga
282:Iberian Peninsula
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118:Palatial fortress
16:(Redirected from
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1219:. Retrieved
1217:(in Spanish)
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1177:. Retrieved
1175:(in Spanish)
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1145:. Retrieved
1143:(in Spanish)
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1111:. Retrieved
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1056:. Retrieved
1054:(in Spanish)
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964:
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899:. Retrieved
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837:. Retrieved
835:(in Spanish)
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398:Taifa period
370:
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146:Site history
128:Open to
45:
329:Reconquista
317:Muhammad II
278:Roman villa
270:Phoenicians
102: /
78:Coordinates
1270:Categories
1221:2022-07-15
1179:2022-07-15
1147:2022-07-15
1113:2022-07-15
1083:In Spanish
1058:2022-08-05
1003:3822896322
937:0870996371
901:2022-08-06
839:2022-08-06
808:References
469:Pozo Airón
457:altarpiece
439:After the
402:Al-Andalus
254:Gibralfaro
244:Al-Andalus
209:pronounced
204:al-qaṣabah
87:36°43′17″N
30:See also:
671:voussoirs
667:arabesque
378:Caliphate
249:alcazabas
198:romanized
193:القَصَبَة
163:Hammudids
138:Condition
90:4°24′56″W
786:See also
698:Almohads
687:Zaragoza
627:Caliphal
430:capitals
386:ramparts
180:Spanish:
176:Alcazaba
1079:, 2011.
703:Mudéjar
659:portico
629:-style
426:columns
396:in the
321:Yusuf I
299:by the
264:History
228:citadel
221:
200::
187:; from
167:Nasrids
1248:
1030:
1000:
972:
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874:
780:hammam
663:arcade
449:Christ
313:Nasrid
236:Málaga
189:Arabic
55:Málaga
315:emir
305:Badis
274:Roman
240:Spain
151:Built
59:Spain
1246:ISBN
1028:ISBN
998:ISBN
970:ISBN
932:ISBN
872:ISBN
761:tile
744:The
729:The
571:The
465:well
428:and
376:and
218:lit.
174:The
115:Type
685:in
436:).
400:of
133:Yes
1272::
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