317:, these disturbances prompted Kanhadadeva to dispatch an army to counter the Delhi forces. This army was led by Devada chiefs Jaita and Mahipa, who were supported by three other generals: Lakhana Sevata (or Sebhata), Salha Sobhita and Ajayasi Molhana. Kanhadadeva's army defeated one of the Delhi contingents left behind by Alauddin and recovered the plunder that the invaders had obtained during their raids of Bhinmal, Satyapura and other places. After this victory, Jaita and Mahipa returned to Jalore with the war spoils. The three other generals remained near the battlefield with a portion of the army, and celebrated the new moon day (
383:. The two contingents engaged the Delhi army on alternate days, leading to heavy losses on both sides. They managed to slow down the Delhi army but were unable to prevent Kamal al-Din's gradual advance towards Jalore. Ultimately, Kanhadadeva decided to recall both his contingents to Jalore for consultation. When Kamal al-Din got close to Jalore, Maladeva was sent to fight him while Viramadeva stayed behind to help his father prepare for the impending siege.
70:
1197:
323:) by taking their armor off and bathing in a river. During these celebrations they started beating a drum captured from the Delhi army. The drum was heard by Delhi Gen. Malik Naib, who was leading another contingent on a hunting expedition. Assuming that the drum beats were a summon for him, Malik Naib rushed to the battlefield. His army inflicted a crushing defeat upon Kanhadadeva's remaining forces. The
347:. On the eighth day a severe thunderstorm forced the besiegers to retreat. The Jalore forces launched an eight-pronged attack on one of the retreating detachments at Moklana. The eight Jalore generals who led this attack were Maladeva, Viramadeva, Ananta Sisodia, Jaita Vaghela, Jaita Devada, Lunakarna Malhana, Jayamala and Sahajapala. The detachment's commander Shams Khan was captured along with his
359:
contemporary accounts. Moreover, it seems absurd that
Alauddin appointed a concubine as the commander of his army or that his soldiers would accept this appointment. The story of Gul Bihisht appears to be a late invention, designed to cover up the disgraceful retreat of the Delhi army. Firishta also inaccurately dates the invasion of Jalore to 1308 instead of 1311.
394:) who helped replenish the fort's stores. The text also suggests that Maladeva briefly harassed Kamal al-Din's forces, but an army dispatched by Alauddin forced Maladeva's forces to retreat to Vandara. Another Jalore contingent led by Lunakarna destroyed an enemy outpost at Udalapura, a suburb of Jalore, defeating
411:
attribute the fall of Jalore to treachery by a Dahiya Rajput named Bika. After the invaders promised to make Bika the new ruler of Jalore, he led them to an unfrequented and unprotected entrance to the fort. When Bika's wife
Hiradevi learned about his betrayal, she killed him and reported the matter
219:
claims that
Kanhadadeva ("Nahar Deo") accepted Alauddin's suzerainty around 1305. Some years later Kanhadadeva heard Alauddin boasting that no Hindu ruler could challenge him. This rekindled Kanhadadeva's sense of pride, and he decided to attack Alauddin, resulting in an invasion of Jalore. This
358:
claims that the Delhi army was commanded by
Alauddin's concubine Gul Bihisht. During the war she died after a short illness. After her death the army was led by her son Shahin, who was killed in a battle soon after his mother's death. Firishta's claim is dubious, as it is not found in any
430:
fires were lit in Jalore. Women of all castes died in this fire, including
Kanhadadeva's queens Jaitalde, Bhavalde, Umade and Kamalade. The Delhi forces breached the fort, and thousands of Kanhadadeva's soldiers died in the ensuing fighting. Several of his
444:, after breaching the fort the invaders took five days to reach the temple of Kanhasvami inside it. When they threatened to destroy the temple, Kanhadadeva and the last 50 of his surviving soldiers died defending it.
378:
mentions that
Kanhadadeva sent two contingents to check the advance of Kamal al-Din. One of these contingents was commanded by Maladeva and was stationed at Vadi. The other was led by Viramadeva and was stationed at
1167:
246:
According to K.S. Lal, these reasons of invasion given by Nainsi, Firishta and
Hajiuddabir are not convincing. By 1310 Alauddin had subjugated the kingdoms surrounding Jalore, including
448:
suggests that many people believed that
Kanhadadeva managed to survive and disappeared. His son Viramadeva is said to have died about three days after his coronation.
1152:
1073:
1226:
1008:
259:
412:
to
Kanhadadeva. However, by this time the defenders were no longer in a position to achieve a victory. Consequently, the men of the fort prepared for a
1055:
883:
1090:
1002:
339:, the Delhi forces made several attempts to breach the fort during the first seven days of the ensuing siege. However, these attacks were foiled by
247:
200:
156:
Kanhadadeva's army achieved some initial successes against the invaders, but the Jalore fort ultimately fell to an army led by
Alauddin's general
996:
1231:
1020:
251:
1049:
851:
830:
437:(feudal chiefs) were also killed in the battle, including Kandhala, Kanha Uhcha, Jaita Devada, Lunakarna Malhana, Arjuna, and Jaita Vaghela.
990:
1172:
1142:
1137:
1147:
776:
149:, whose armies had earlier fought several skirmishes with the Delhi forces, especially since Alauddin's conquest of the neighboring
335:
After the initial setbacks faced by the Delhi forces, Alauddin sent an army to launch a direct attack on Jalore. According to the
456:
Alauddin commissioned a mosque on the fort premises to commemorate this victory. Jalore remained under Muslim rule well into the
239:(17th century), one of Alauddin's daughters fell in love with Kanhadadeva's son Virama. However, Virama did not want to marry a
1120:
1108:
386:
Kamal al-Din besieged the fort and tried to impose a blockade, most likely intending to starve the defenders. According to
1241:
876:
199:
jointly ran the administration with his father. During this period, in 1299, Alauddin dispatched an army to Gujarat, and
1236:
278:
states that after conquering Siwana, Alauddin returned to Delhi, ordering his generals to subjugate other parts of the
1014:
945:
255:
203:. During the army's return to Delhi, some of its soldiers staged an unsuccessful mutiny. The 17th-century chronicler
816:
181:
243:
girl, which led to tensions between the two kingdoms, and ultimately resulted in Alauddin's invasion of Jalore.
1221:
1200:
1096:
1061:
869:
189:
961:
266:. It appears that he attacked Jalore simply because he wanted to put an end to Jalore's independent status.
920:
1067:
935:
284:
915:
298:
229:
177:
142:
80:
302:, which presents Kanhadadeva as a hero, states that Alauddin's forces also captured and sacked
973:
925:
847:
841:
826:
820:
804:
782:
772:
753:
371:
303:
157:
96:
327:
states that the defenders lost 4,000 soldiers, including the three generals, in this battle.
1114:
110:
104:
1026:
896:
892:
457:
407:
263:
235:
185:
150:
130:
126:
92:
75:
1102:
747:
1215:
1182:
861:
240:
224:
1177:
1162:
1157:
967:
275:
798:
766:
416:, and Kanhadadeva's son Viramadeva was crowned king. The women decided to die in
390:, this strategy was thwarted by timely rains and cooperation from money lenders (
930:
196:
146:
134:
101:
940:
413:
344:
207:
states that the Jalore army supported this mutiny, although this is doubtful.
161:
107:
808:
794:
757:
380:
310:. At Bhinmal the invaders took away a large number of Brahmins as captives.
138:
786:
910:
355:
319:
289:
216:
686:
684:
682:
639:
637:
609:
607:
605:
433:
307:
293:
478:
476:
461:
418:
340:
279:
204:
173:
42:
725:
723:
654:
652:
624:
622:
580:
578:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
520:
518:
493:
491:
348:
220:
narrative is also repeated by 17th-century historian Hajiuddabir.
865:
669:
667:
195:
From at least 1296ā1305, Samantasimha's son and successor
164:
were killed, thus ending the Chahamana dynasty of Jalore.
714:
690:
643:
613:
596:
569:
482:
822:
The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History
184:
invaded Jalore, but was forced to retreat after the
1130:
1083:
1042:
983:
954:
903:
343:led by Kanhadadeva's brother Maladeva and his son
729:
702:
658:
628:
584:
545:
524:
509:
497:
367:Next, Alauddin dispatched a stronger army led by
20:
877:
673:
557:
8:
460:. It was later captured by the Rathores of
884:
870:
862:
17:
296:) in 1310. The 15th-century epic romance
843:Somanatha: The Many Voices of a History
472:
422:(mass suicide by self-immolation). The
351:, while the rest of his soldiers fled.
282:region. According to Jinaprabha Suri's
188:came to the rescue of the Jalore king
1227:Battles involving the Delhi Sultanate
120:Delhi and Jalore in present-day India
7:
180:. In 1291-92 Alauddin's predecessor
1173:Nabhi-nandana-jinoddhara-prabandha
800:History of the Khaljis (1290-1320)
771:. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass.
133:dispatched an army to capture the
14:
141:, India. Jalore was ruled by the
1196:
1195:
374:, one of his best generals. The
68:
803:. Allahabad: The Indian Press.
746:Ashok Kumar Srivastava (1979).
825:. Cambridge University Press.
288:, the Delhi army desecrated a
1:
1232:Battles involving the Rajputs
176:was ruled by a branch of the
752:. Sahitya Sansar Prakashan.
354:The 16th-century chronicler
292:temple at Satyapura (modern
215:The 16th-century chronicler
1138:Rebellions against Alauddin
715:Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979
691:Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979
644:Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979
614:Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979
597:Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979
570:Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979
483:Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979
1258:
765:Dasharatha Sharma (1959).
160:. Kanhadadeva and his son
1191:
86:
61:
25:
223:According to legends in
768:Early ChauhÄn Dynasties
749:The Chahamanas of Jalor
1084:Conflicts with Mongols
921:Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
840:Romila Thapar (2005).
730:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
703:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
659:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
629:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
585:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
546:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
525:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
510:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
498:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
362:
87:Commanders and leaders
904:Generals and officers
363:Kamal al-Din's attack
315:Kanhadadeva Prabandha
201:defeated the Vaghelas
1242:History of Rajasthan
1168:Chanderi inscription
1064:(1302-1303 and 1310)
285:Vividha Tirtha Kalpa
274:Alauddin's courtier
1237:Chahamanas of Jalor
1153:Massacre of Mongols
916:Ayn al-Mulk Multani
442:Kanhadade Prabandha
424:Kanhadade Prabandha
403:Kanhadade Prabandha
388:Kanhadade Prabandha
376:Kanhadade Prabandha
337:Kanhadade Prabandha
325:Kanhadade Prabandha
299:Kanhadade Prabandha
233:(15th century) and
230:Kanhadade Prabandha
81:Chahamanas of Jalor
1043:Southern campaigns
984:Northern campaigns
674:Peter Jackson 2003
558:Romila Thapar 2005
512:, p. 161-162.
270:Initial skirmishes
158:Malik Kamal al-Din
1209:
1208:
926:Kamal al-Din Gurg
853:978-1-84467-020-8
832:978-0-521-54329-3
795:Kishori Saran Lal
440:According to the
426:states that 1584
372:Kamal al-Din Gurg
211:Cause of invasion
182:Jalaluddin Khalji
116:
115:
97:Kamal al-Din Gurg
57:
56:
1249:
1199:
1198:
886:
879:
872:
863:
857:
836:
812:
790:
761:
733:
727:
718:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
677:
671:
662:
656:
647:
641:
632:
626:
617:
611:
600:
594:
588:
582:
573:
567:
561:
555:
549:
543:
528:
522:
513:
507:
501:
495:
486:
480:
74:
72:
71:
27:
26:
18:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1222:Alauddin Khalji
1212:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1187:
1143:Revenue reforms
1126:
1079:
1038:
1005:(1299 and 1304)
979:
968:Prataparudra II
950:
899:
897:Delhi Sultanate
893:Alauddin Khalji
890:
860:
854:
839:
833:
815:
793:
779:
764:
745:
741:
736:
728:
721:
713:
709:
701:
697:
689:
680:
672:
665:
657:
650:
642:
635:
627:
620:
612:
603:
595:
591:
583:
576:
568:
564:
556:
552:
544:
531:
523:
516:
508:
504:
496:
489:
481:
474:
470:
454:
446:Nainsi ri Khyat
408:Nainsi ri Khyat
365:
333:
331:Siege of Jalore
272:
236:Nainsi ri Khyat
213:
172:The kingdom of
170:
137:in present-day
131:Alauddin Khalji
127:Delhi Sultanate
123:
122:
121:
95:
93:Alauddin Khalji
76:Delhi Sultanate
69:
67:
45:
21:Siege of Jalore
12:
11:
5:
1255:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1148:Market reforms
1145:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1121:Ravi riverbank
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1074:Pandya kingdom
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
987:
985:
981:
980:
978:
977:
971:
965:
958:
956:
952:
951:
949:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
907:
905:
901:
900:
891:
889:
888:
881:
874:
866:
859:
858:
852:
837:
831:
813:
791:
777:
762:
742:
740:
737:
735:
734:
732:, p. 169.
719:
707:
705:, p. 168.
695:
678:
676:, p. 198.
663:
661:, p. 138.
648:
633:
631:, p. 167.
618:
601:
589:
587:, p. 166.
574:
562:
560:, p. 125.
550:
548:, p. 137.
529:
527:, p. 136.
514:
502:
500:, p. 159.
487:
471:
469:
466:
453:
450:
364:
361:
332:
329:
271:
268:
212:
209:
169:
166:
119:
118:
117:
114:
113:
99:
89:
88:
84:
83:
78:
64:
63:
59:
58:
55:
54:
53:Khalji victory
51:
47:
46:
41:
39:
35:
34:
31:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1254:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1202:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1183:Thakkar Pheru
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:Miscellaneous
1129:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
988:
986:
982:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
959:
957:
953:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
887:
882:
880:
875:
873:
868:
867:
864:
855:
849:
845:
844:
838:
834:
828:
824:
823:
818:
817:Peter Jackson
814:
810:
806:
802:
801:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
778:9780842606189
774:
770:
769:
763:
759:
755:
751:
750:
744:
743:
738:
731:
726:
724:
720:
717:, p. 53.
716:
711:
708:
704:
699:
696:
693:, p. 52.
692:
687:
685:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
646:, p. 51.
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
616:, p. 50.
615:
610:
608:
606:
602:
599:, p. 49.
598:
593:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
572:, p. 48.
571:
566:
563:
559:
554:
551:
547:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
530:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
506:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
485:, p. 36.
484:
479:
477:
473:
467:
465:
463:
459:
451:
449:
447:
443:
438:
436:
435:
429:
425:
421:
420:
415:
410:
409:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
377:
373:
370:
360:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
330:
328:
326:
322:
321:
316:
313:According to
311:
309:
305:
301:
300:
295:
291:
287:
286:
281:
277:
269:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
237:
232:
231:
226:
221:
218:
210:
208:
206:
202:
198:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
167:
165:
163:
159:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
98:
94:
91:
90:
85:
82:
79:
77:
66:
65:
60:
52:
49:
48:
44:
40:
37:
36:
32:
29:
28:
24:
19:
16:
1178:Amir Khusrow
1163:Alai Darwaza
1158:Rani Padmini
1091:Jaran-Manjur
1068:Dwarasamudra
1032:
842:
821:
799:
767:
748:
739:Bibliography
710:
698:
592:
565:
553:
505:
455:
445:
441:
439:
432:
427:
423:
417:
406:
402:
400:
398:Nizamuddin.
395:
391:
387:
385:
375:
368:
366:
353:
336:
334:
324:
318:
314:
312:
297:
283:
276:Amir Khusrau
273:
245:
234:
228:
222:
214:
194:
190:Samantasimha
171:
155:
124:
62:Belligerents
15:
1009:Ranthambore
974:Ballala III
962:Ramachandra
955:Tributaries
936:Nusrat Khan
931:Malik Kafur
458:Tughluq era
405:as well as
260:Ranthambore
197:Kanhadadeva
151:Siwana fort
147:Kanhadadeva
135:Jalore Fort
102:Kanhadadeva
1216:Categories
970:(Kakatiya)
946:Zafar Khan
941:Ulugh Khan
468:References
414:last stand
345:Viramadeva
225:PadmanÄbha
178:Chahamanas
168:Background
162:Viramadeva
108:Viramadeva
976:(Hoysala)
846:. Verso.
809:685167335
452:Aftermath
381:Bhadrajun
143:Chahamana
139:Rajasthan
1201:Category
1097:Sivistan
1062:Warangal
1056:Devagiri
1050:Devagiri
964:(Yadava)
911:Alp Khan
819:(2003).
797:(1950).
758:12737199
434:samantas
392:mahajans
356:Firishta
320:Amavasya
290:Mahavira
217:Firishta
186:Vaghelas
125:In 1311
38:Location
1015:Chittor
1003:Gujarat
787:3624414
341:sorties
308:Bhinmal
294:Sanchor
256:Chittor
248:Gujarat
1123:(1306)
1117:(1305)
1115:Amroha
1111:(1303)
1105:(1299)
1099:(1298)
1093:(1298)
1076:(1311)
1070:(1311)
1058:(1308)
1052:(1296)
1035:(1311)
1033:Jalore
1029:(1308)
1027:Siwana
1023:(1305)
1017:(1303)
1011:(1301)
999:(1296)
997:Multan
993:(1293)
991:Bhilsa
850:
829:
807:
785:
775:
756:
462:Marwar
428:jauhar
419:jauhar
304:Barmer
280:Marwar
264:Siwana
241:Turkic
205:Nainsi
174:Jalore
145:ruler
129:ruler
73:
50:Result
43:Jalore
1109:Delhi
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