415:, Alauddin sent an army to besiege Jalore in 1305. Samantasimha was probably dead by this time, and Kanhaddeva had become the sole ruler of the kingdom. The Khalji commander Ain-ul-Mulk Multani convinced Kalhanadeva to visit Delhi and to become an ally of the Khaljis. Kanhadadeva visited Delhi, but he was not satisfied with the terms offered to him, and returned to Jalore. A few years later, Kanhadadeva heard Alauddin boasting that no Hindu ruler could challenge him. This rekindled Kanhadadeva's sense of pride, and he decided to fight with Alauddin, resulting in an invasion of Jalore. This narrative is also repeated by the 17th century historian Hajiuddabir.
257:
believes that Nainsi's account, which mentions collaboration between
Kanhadadeva's forces and the mutineers, is an accurate representation of the conflict. However, Nainsi inaccurately states that Alauddin personally led the Delhi army during this campaign, and that he was present at the time of the
237:
temple in
Gujarat. These messengers came in contact with the neo-Muslim leader Mammunshah (Muhammad Shah) and his brothers, who were planning a mutiny against the Delhi generals. Three days later, these rebel generals attacked the Delhi army's camp from one side, while Kanhadadeva's army attacked it
426:
stayed at the court of Delhi for some time. Once, Alauddin offered to marry his daughter to
Viramadeva. The Chahamana prince did not want to marry the Khalji princess, but could not openly refuse the offer. He asked for Alauddin's permission to return to Jalore, promising to return with a marriage
389:
claims that
Alauddin's daughter Piroja fell in love with Kanhadade's son. Alauddin offered to marry her to the Chahamana prince, stating the couple had also been married in several previous births. He even visited Jalor, where he was treated well because he behaved like a Hindu. However, the
180:
inscription also refers to the joint reign of the father-son duo. No inscription from
Kanhadadeva's reign has been discovered, but the last extant inscription from his father's reign is dated 1305. Therefore, Kanhadadeva appears to have ascended the throne sometime around 1305.
232:
names the place as "Sirana": it can be identified with modern
Sankarna. Kanhadadeva sent Kandhala Olecha and four other messengers to the Delhi commander, expressing his displeasure over their stay in his territory, after they had imprisoned Hindus and desecrated the
282:(1408-1411) by Shridhara Vyasa. According to these texts, Kanhadadeva's army liberated several Hindu prisoners, and recovered the Somnath idol, which was being taken to Delhi to be desecrated. Kanhadadeva is said to have installed the five fragments of this idol at
402:. The Khaljis next invaded the Siwana fort, but Sataladeva repulsed them with help of an army sent by Kanhaddeva. The invaders lost their commanders Nahar Malik and Khandadhara Bhoja in this battle. Alauddin later personally led an army to Siwana, and
317:. It is possible that the story of Kanhadadeva's rescue of the Somnath idol is a fabrication by the later writers. Alternatively, it is possible that the Khalji army was taking multiple idols to Delhi, and Kanhadadeva's army retrieved one of them.
390:
Chahamana prince rejected the offer as an insult. The prince was later killed in a battle. His head was brought to
Alauddin, but it miraculously turned away when the Sultan turned towards it. Princess Piroja, who loved the Chahamana prince,
176:, Kanhadadeva assisted his father in administration from at least 1296 CE onwards. A 1296 pillar inscription discovered at Topkhana in Jalore states that Kanhadadeva shared the burden of administration during his father's reign. The 1299 CE
328:
further claims that
Mammushah (Muhammad Shah) and his brother Gabharu, who had rebelled against the Delhi generals, took asylum with Kanhadadeva. However, Kanhadadeva disapproved of their killing of cows (which are
213:
claims that
Kanhadadeva (then a prince) did not permit the Delhi forces to pass through his territory, concerned that they would "sack villages, take prisoners, molest women, oppress
427:
party. When he did not return, Alauddin sent a 500,000-strong force to Jalor. This force, led by Mudfar (Muzaffar) Khan and Dauda Khan, besieged the Jalor fort for 12 years.
245:
does not mention any mutiny by the Delhi soldiers, and states that the attack on the Delhi camp was led by
Kanhadadeva's minister Jaita Devada. The Delhi chronicles, such as
398:
ruler Sataladeva (Sitaladeva) as Kanhadadeva's general and nephew. It claims that when the Delhi army invaded the Chahamana kingdom, Sataladeva raided their camp at
380:(1303), which made him a neighbour of Kanhadadeva. Different medieval writers give different accounts of the events leading up to Alauddin's invasion of Jalore.
991:
457:
suggests that many people believed that Kanhadadeva managed to survive and disappeared. His son Viramadeva is said to have died 2.5 days after his coronation.
483:, the Sultan of Delhi. The text demonizes Muslims, and hails Kanhadade as a saviour who defeated the Muslims responsible for desecrating the Somnath temple.
443:
373:
431:
406:. Following this victory, Alauddin's generals started ransacking the neighbouring territory, bringing them into conflict with Kanhadadeva's forces.
345:
198:
238:
from the other side. The rebels killed a brother of Nusrat Khan and a nephew of Alauddin, but the mutiny was completely suppressed within 4 days.
363:
224:
After its victorious campaign in Gujarat, the Delhi army passed through Jalore on its way back to Delhi. According to the 17th century chronicle
131:
435:
959:
884:
1079:
449:
The forces sent by Alauddin against Jalore initially failed to capture the fort. In 1311, Alauddin dispatched a stronger army led by
1069:
984:
905:
430:
None of these accounts are historically reliable. By 1310, Alauddin had subjugated the kingdoms surrounding Jalore, including
471:(1455), an epic authored by Padmanabha, who was a court poet employed by the later rulers of Jalore. The text is written in
278:
also credit Kanhadadeva with rescuing the Somnath temple idol from desecration by the Delhi army. This claim also occurs in
977:
446:
and Siwana. It appears that he attacked Jalore simply because he wanted to put an end to Jalore's independent status.
439:
377:
262:
also doubts the veracity of the rest of Nainsi's account including the claim that the Jalore army aided the mutiny.
1035:
157:
112:
48:
253:, describe the mutiny, but do not mention any Chahamana participation in the unsuccessful mutiny. Historian
218:
160:. He was also known as "Dasam Saligrama" and "Gokulanatha". According to the 17th century chronicler
1074:
206:
305:
However, other sources state that the idol was taken to Delhi; these sources include Amir Khusrau's
1000:
467:
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100:
76:
955:
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and slay cows". The Khalji army reached Gujarat via another route in Mewar, defeated its king
135:
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480:
403:
391:
369:
330:
275:
246:
225:
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language with Old Rajasthani and some Gujarati influences. It mentions Kanhadade as a
1063:
945:
419:
283:
173:
161:
145:
130:, Kanhadadeva's armies fought several skirmishes with him. In 1311, Kanhadadeva was
1029:
927:
895:
1017:
334:
877:
Beyond Turk and Hindu: Rethinking Religious Identities in Islamicate South Asia
1047:
1023:
423:
202:
64:
30:
937:
1011:
923:
863:
291:
234:
108:
915:
873:"The Story of Prataparudra: Hindu Historiography on the Deccan Frontier"
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621:
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472:
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does not mention Kanhadadeva's visit to Delhi, but states that his son
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333:). Therefore, the two rebels left Jalore, and sought shelter with
699:
697:
695:
368:
At the beginning of the 14th century, the Delhi Sultanate ruler
111:). Initially, he ran the administration jointly with his father
99:: Kānhaḍa-deva, r. c. 1292-1311 CE) was a king belonging to the
96:
973:
729:
727:
714:
712:
346:
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat § Mutiny near Jalore
228:, the Delhi army encamped at "Sakarana" near Jalore. The
796:
784:
627:
610:
557:
545:
518:
503:
103:, who ruled the area around Javalipura (present-day
82:
70:
58:
54:
44:
36:
28:
23:
875:. In David Gilmartin and Bruce B. Lawrence (ed.).
453:, which defeated and killed Kanhadadeva. Nainsi's
823:
808:
772:
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465:Kanhadadeva is eulogized as "Kanhadade" in
992:
978:
970:
20:
479:king and describes his struggles against
156:Kanhadadeva was a son of his predecessor
115:, and helped ward off invasions from the
392:immolated herself while holding his head
951:Somanatha: The Many Voices of a History
491:
134:in an attack led by Alauddin's general
168:Joint administration with Samantasimha
357:Delhi and Jalore in present-day India
294:, Jalor and his personal garden. The
7:
364:Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Jalore
164:, he had a brother named Maladeva.
126:conquered the neighbouring fort of
929:History of the Khaljis (1290-1320)
900:. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass.
185:Delhi Sultanate's Gujarat campaign
14:
184:
138:. He is celebrated as a hero in
932:. Allahabad: The Indian Press.
879:. University Press of Florida.
852:Ashok Kumar Srivastava (1979).
409:According to the 16th century
351:Defeat against Alauddin Khalji
1:
258:mutiny. Therefore, historian
858:. Sahitya Sansar Prakashan.
298:hails him an incarnation of
797:Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979
785:Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979
628:Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979
611:Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979
558:Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979
546:Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979
519:Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979
504:Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979
1096:
894:Dasharatha Sharma (1959).
361:
343:
1080:Monarchs killed in action
1007:
221:, and ransacked Gujarat.
1070:Chahamana kings of Jalor
418:The 17th century writer
897:Early Chauhān Dynasties
871:Cynthia Talbot (2000).
855:The Chahamanas of Jalor
824:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
809:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
773:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
761:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
749:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
687:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
670:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
655:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
640:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
599:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
587:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
570:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
531:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
372:captured the forts of
122:After the Delhi ruler
451:Malik Kamaluddin Gurg
394:. The text names the
199:expedition to Gujarat
321:Asylum to the rebels
315:Vividha-tirtha-kalpa
311:Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi
251:Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi
201:led by his generals
1001:Chahamanas of Jalor
838:, pp. 121–122.
704:Cynthia Talbot 2000
468:Kanhadade Prabandha
404:defeated Sataladeva
386:Kanhadade Prabandha
296:Kanhadade Prabandha
272:Kanhadade Prabandha
243:Kanhadade Prabandha
230:Kanhadade Prabandha
211:Kanhadade Prabandha
141:Kanhadade Prabandha
132:defeated and killed
77:Chahamanas of Jalor
836:Romila Thapar 2005
734:Romila Thapar 2005
719:Romila Thapar 2005
589:, p. 161-162.
18:King of Javalipura
1057:
1056:
1044:(c. 1292-1311 CE)
1038:(c. 1282-1305 CE)
1032:(c. 1257-1282 CE)
1026:(c. 1204-1257 CE)
1020:(c. 1182-1204 CE)
1014:(c. 1160-1182 CE)
961:978-1-84467-020-8
924:Kishori Saran Lal
886:978-0-8130-3099-9
412:Tarikh-i-Firishta
383:The 15th century
313:and Jinaprabha's
280:Ranamalla Chhanda
260:Kishori Saran Lal
255:Dasharatha Sharma
144:, a 1455 poem by
101:Chahamana dynasty
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643:
642:, p. 87-88.
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573:
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331:sacred to Hindus
136:Malik Kamaluddin
21:
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326:Nainsi ri Khyat
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307:Khazainul-Futuh
276:Nainsi ri Khyat
268:
247:Ziauddin Barani
226:Nainsi ri Khyat
195:Alauddin Khalji
191:Delhi Sultanate
187:
170:
154:
124:Alauddin Khalji
117:Delhi Sultanate
40:c. 1291-1311 CE
19:
12:
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826:, p. 169.
813:
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765:
763:, p. 164.
753:
751:, p. 163.
738:
736:, p. 125.
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721:, p. 124.
708:
706:, p. 292.
691:
689:, p. 137.
674:
672:, p. 162.
659:
657:, p. 136.
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601:, p. 161.
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574:
572:, p. 160.
562:
550:
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533:, p. 159.
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362:Main article:
356:
355:
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322:
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302:for this act.
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266:Somanatha idol
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799:, p. 51.
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613:, p. 38.
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583:
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560:, p. 41.
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521:, p. 36.
520:
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189:In 1299, the
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174:heir apparent
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162:Munhot Nainsi
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1050:(c. 1311 CE)
1042:Kanhada-deva
1041:
1018:Samara-simha
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845:Bibliography
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113:Samantasimha
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86:Samantasimha
49:Samantasimha
15:
1075:1311 deaths
1048:Virama-deva
1024:Udaya-simha
444:Ranthambore
376:(1301) and
374:Ranthambore
339:Ranthambore
335:Hammiradeva
309:, Barani's
207:Nusrat Khan
93:Kanhadadeva
45:Predecessor
24:Kanhadadeva
1064:Categories
1012:Kirti-pala
487:References
424:Viramadeva
344:See also:
203:Ulugh Khan
152:Early life
146:Padmanābha
65:Viramadeva
31:Javalipura
954:. Verso.
938:685167335
235:Somanatha
215:Brahmanas
109:Rajasthan
948:(2005).
926:(1950).
864:12737199
197:sent an
29:King of
916:3624414
473:Prakrit
440:Chittor
432:Gujarat
400:Mandore
378:Chittor
300:Krishna
178:Chohtan
172:As the
72:Dynasty
958:
936:
914:
904:
883:
862:
477:Rajput
461:Legacy
396:Siwana
288:Bagada
209:. The
193:ruler
128:Siwana
105:Jalore
83:Father
455:Khyat
436:Malwa
219:Karna
60:Issue
37:Reign
956:ISBN
934:OCLC
912:OCLC
902:ISBN
881:ISBN
860:OCLC
274:and
270:The
241:The
205:and
97:IAST
337:at
292:Abu
249:'s
107:in
1066::
910:.
816:^
741:^
726:^
711:^
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538:^
511:^
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438:,
434:,
341:.
290:,
286:,
148:.
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95:(
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