Eight Consciousnesses - Knowledge (XXG)

2208: 3828:(1) The cognitive faculty within a cognition, asserted in the Sautrantika and Chittamatra tenet systems, that takes as its cognitive object the consciousness within the cognition that it is part of. It also cognizes the validity or invalidity of the cognition that it is part of, and accounts for the ability to recall the cognition. (2) In the non-Gelug schools, this cognitive faculty becomes reflexive deep awareness -- that part of an arya's nonconceptual cognition of voidness that cognizes the two truths of that nonconceptual cognition. 2253:. In this teaching, Buddhist practice is to turn the light of awareness around, from misconceptions regarding the nature of reality as being external, to kenshō, "directly see one's own nature".. Thus the Eighth Consciousness is transformed into the Great Perfect Mirror Wisdom, the Seventh Consciousness into the Equality (Universal Nature) Wisdom, the Sixth Consciousness into the Profound Observing Wisdom, and First to Fifth Consciousnesses into the All Performing (Perfection of Action) Wisdom. 3441:(1) The act of cognizing or knowing something, but without necessarily knowing what it is or what it means. It may be either valid or invalid, conceptual or nonconceptual . This is the most general term for knowing something. (2) The 'package' of a primary consciousness, its accompanying mental factors (subsidiary awarenesses), and the cognitive object shared by all of them. According to some systems, a cognition also includes reflexive awareness. 750: 3558:

Theravada elders met to recite and write down Buddha's words in order to preserve their authenticity. This was the first time Buddha's teachings were put into written form and, in this case, they were rendered into the Pali language. This version of The Three Basket-like Collections, The Tipitaka, is commonly known as The Pali Canon. The other Hinayana Schools, however, continued to transmit the teachings in oral form.

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vase seen in a dream. Forms of physical phenomena include the nonstatic phenomena of forms and eye sensors, sounds and ear sensors, smells and nose sensors, tastes and tongue sensors, physical sensations and body sensors, and forms of physical phenomena included only among cognitive stimulators that are all phenomena. Equivalent to the aggregate of forms of physical phenomena.

4492: 1676:(Sanskrit: anuśayāḥ), the “underlying tendencies” or “latent dispositions” which keep beings caught in the circle of samsara. These potential tendencies are generally seen as unconscious processes which "lie beneath" our everyday consciousness, and according to Waldron "they represent the potential, the tendency, for cognitive and emotional afflictions (Pali: 2387:

rather we are owned by it. Just as a human image shown in a monitor can never be described as lasting for any instant, since "he" is just the production of electron currents of data stored and flow from the hard disk of the computer, so do seed-currents drain from the store-consciousness, never last from one moment to the next.

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impressions of memories, in the sense that they are imputed on it. It is also translated as 'foundation consciousness' and, by some translators, as 'storehouse consciousness.' According to Gelug, asserted only by the Chittamatra system; according to non-Gelug, asserted by both the Chittamatra and Madhyamaka systems.

3492:(2): 11–35 – via Academia.eduFrom page 18: "aṣṭau vijñānāni vijñānaskandhaḥ: ṣaṭ pravṛttivijñānāni, ālayavijñānaṃ, kliṣṭaṃ ca manaḥ" rendered as "the personality constituent consciousness consists of the eight forms of consciousness: the six manifest forms of mind, the ālayavijñāna and the defiled mind 3557:

The Theravada and Sarvastivada Schools each held their own fourth councils. The Theravada School held its fourth council in 83 BCE in Sri Lanka. In the face of various groups having splintered off from Theravada over differences in interpretation of Buddha words (sic.), Maharakkhita and five hundred

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The dominating condition that determines the type of cognition a way of being aware of something is. In the case of the five types of sensory cognition, it is the photosensitive cells of the eyes, the sound-sensitive cells of the ears, the smell-sensitive cells of the nose, the taste-sensitive cells

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In contrast to an Arhat, a Buddha is one with all his seeds stored in the eighth Seed consciousness. Cleansed and substituted, bad for good, one for one, his polluted-seeds-containing eighth consciousness (Alaya Consciousness) becomes an all-seeds-purified eighth consciousness (Pure consciousness 無垢識

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By then the polluted mental functions of the first six consciousnesses would have been cleansed. The seventh or the manas-consciousness determines whether or not the seeds and the contentdrain from the alaya-vijnana breaks through, becoming a "function" to be perceived by us in the mental or physical

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The texts of the Yogācāra school gives a detailed explanation of the workings of the mind and the way it constructs the reality we experience. It is "meant to be an explanation of experience, rather than a system of ontology". The theory of the ālāyavijñana and the other consciousnesses developed out

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The Blessed One said, "What is the All? Simply the eye & forms, ear & sounds, nose & aromas, tongue & flavors, body & tactile sensations, intellect & ideas. This, monks, is called the All. Anyone who would say, 'Repudiating this All, I will describe another,' if questioned on

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A class of ways of being aware of something that cognizes merely the essential nature of its object, such as its being a sight, a sound, a mental object, etc. Consciousness may be either sensory or mental, and there are either six or eight types. The term has nothing to do with the Western concept

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was deeply concerned with the question of the respective origins of ignorance and enlightenment. If enlightenment is originally existent, how do we become submerged in ignorance? If ignorance is originally existent, how is it possible to overcome it? And finally, at the most basic level of mind, the

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Three aspects of an action that are all equally void of true existence: (1) the individual performing the action, (2) the object upon or toward which the action is committed, and (3) the action itself. Occasionally, as in the case of the action of giving, the object may refer to the object given.

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Unlike the Western view of consciousness as a general faculty that can be aware of all sensory and mental objects, Buddhism differentiates six types of consciousness, each of which is specific to one sensory field or to the mental field. A primary consciousness cognizes merely the essential nature

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Thus we can see that 'Vijñāna' represents the simple reaction or response of the sense organs when they come in contact with external objects. This is the uppermost or superficial aspect or layer of the 'Vijñāna-skandha'. 'Manas' represents the aspect of its mental functioning, thinking, reasoning,

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merely represents the normal flow of the stream of consciousness uninterrupted by the appearance of reflective self-awareness. It is no more than the unbroken stream of consciousness called the life-process by the Buddha. It is the cognitive process, containing both emotive and co-native aspects of

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Nonstatic phenomena that can either (1) transform into another form of physical phenomenon when two or more of them come into contact with each other, such as water and earth which can transform into mud, or (2) be known as what they are by analyzing their directional parts, such as the sight of a

2128:, self-consciousness or "Self-view, self-confusion, self-esteem and self-love". According to the Lankavatara and later interpreters it is the seventh consciousness. It is "thinking" about the various perceptions occurring in the stream of consciousness". The alaya is defiled by this self-interest; 2386:

Each being has his own one and only, formless and no-place-to-abide store-house consciousness. Our "being" is created by our own store-consciousness, according to the karma seeds stored in it. In "coming and going" we definitely do not own the "no-coming and no-going" store-house consciousness,

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A subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that, when it arises, causes oneself to lose peace of mind and incapacitates oneself so that one loses self-control. An indication that one is experiencing a disturbing emotion or attitude is that it makes oneself and/or others feel uncomfortable. Some

2009:, for what amounted to roughly the same idea. It was easier to deny that a "stream" represented a reified self. On the other hand, the Tathāgatagarbha hybrid school was no stranger to the charge of smuggling notions of selfhood into its doctrines, since, for example, it explicitly defined the 3360:

Phenomena that are affected and supported by causes and circumstances and, consequently, change from moment to moment, and which produce effects. Their streams of continuity may have a beginning and an end, a beginning and no end, no beginning but an end, or no beginning and no end. Some

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An unspecified, nonobstructive, individual consciousness that underlies all cognition, cognizes the same objects as the cognitions it underlies, but is a nondetermining cognition of what appears to it and lacks clarity of its objects. It carries the karmic legacies of karma and the mental

3055:) of an object, which means the category of phenomenon to which something belongs. For example, eye consciousness cognizes a sight as merely a sight. The Chittamatra schools add two more types of primary consciousness to make their list of an eightfold network of primary consciousnesses ( 1817:) or "causal consciousness". According to the traditional interpretation, the other seven consciousnesses are "evolving" or "transforming" consciousnesses originating in this base-consciousness. The store-house consciousness accumulates all potential energy as seeds ( 2193:

conceiving ideas, etc. 'Citta' which is here called 'Ālayavijñāna', represents the deepest, finest and subtlest aspect or layer of the Aggregate of consciousness. It contains all the traces or impressions of the past actions and all good and bad future possibilities.

1993:(primordial substrative nature from which all mental, emotional and physical things evolve)." According to Lusthaus, the critique led by the end of the eighth century to the rise of the logico-epistemic tradition of Yogācāra and a hybrid school combining 2306:

which functions as a metaphorical synonym for interpenetration is "permeation" or "perfumation (薫)," referring to the fact that defilement (煩惱) "perfumates" suchness (眞如), and suchness perfumates defilement, depending on the current condition of the

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The store consciousness, while being originally immaculate in itself, contains a "mysterious mixture of purity and defilement, good and evil". Because of this mixture the transformation of consciousness from defilement to purity can take place and

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The traditional interpretation of the eight consciousnesses may be discarded on the ground of a reinterpretation of Vasubandhu's works. According to Kalupahana, instead of positing such an consciousnesses, the Triṃśikaikākārikā describes the

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to be the eight consciousness, giving the impression that it represents a totally distinct category. Vasubandhu does not refer to it as the eight, even though his later disciples like Sthiramati and Hsuan Tsang constantly refer to it as

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In a seemingly innovative move, the Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra states that the alayavijñana is always active subliminally and occurs simultaneously with, "supported by and depending upon" the six sense consciousnesses.

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of the tongue, and the physical-sensation-sensitive cells of the body. In the case of mental cognition, it is the immediately preceding moment of cognition. Some translators render the term as 'sense power.'

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Within a cognition of an object, the awareness of merely the essential nature of the object that the cognition focuses on. Primary consciousness has the identity-nature of being an individualizing awareness.

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is an individual consciousness, not a universal one, underlying all moments of cognition. It cognizes the same objects as the cognitions it underlies, but is a nondetermining cognition of what appears to it

4365:. Shang Shung Edizioni. Second revised edition. (Translated from the Tibetan, edited and annotated by Adriano Clemente with the help of the author. Translated from Italian into English by Andy Lukianowicz.) 2233:

metaphysics. These schools inculcated instead the doctrine of a single universal and eternal ālaya-vijñāna. This exalted enstatement of the ālāyavijñāna is described in the Fǎxiàng as "primordial unity".

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translators render the term as 'impermanent phenomena.' They include forms of physical phenomena, ways of being aware of something, and noncongruent affecting variables, which are neither of the two.

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According to Thomas McEvilley, although Vasubandhu had postulated numerous ālāya-vijñāna-s, a separate one for each individual person in the parakalpita, this multiplicity was later eliminated in the

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Schmithausen, Lambert (1987). Ālayavijñāna. On the Origin and Early Development of a Central Concept of Yogācāra Philosophy. 2 vols. Studia Philologica Buddhica, Monograph Series, 4a and 4b, Tokyo.

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A primary consciousness that can take any existent phenomenon as its object and which relies on merely the previous moment of cognition as its dominating condition and not on any physical sensors.

1700:, 心相續, lit. "mind-character-continuity") to explain how karma and the latent dispositions continued throughout life and rebirth. This theory later developed into the alayavijñana view. 3920:

Schmithausen, Lambert. Ālayavijñāna: On the Origin and the Early Development of a Central Concept of Yogācāra Philosophy, International Institute for Buddhist Studies (1987), pp 12-14

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A primary consciousness that is aimed at the alayavijnana in the Chittamatra system, or at the alaya for habits in the dzogchen system, and grasps at it to be the 'me' to be refuted.

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Yid daṅ kun gźi'i dka' ba'i gnas rgya cher 'grel pa legs par bśad pa'i legs par bśad pa'i rgya mdzo: Ocean of Eloquence: Tsong kha pa's Commentary on the Yogācāra Doctrine of Mind

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or "seeds", for their further manifestations and activities. Since it serves as the container for all experiential impressions it is also called the "seed consciousness" (種子識) or

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Both individually and collectively: these first six, so-called "common" consciousnesses are posited – in common – by all surviving buddhist tenet systems.

4646: 2176:. According to Walpola Rahula, all the elements of the Yogācāra storehouse-consciousness are already found in the Pāli Canon. He writes that the three layers of the mind ( 3840: 2207: 3544: 3890:

Waldron, William S. The Buddhist Unconscious: The Alaya-vijñana in the context of Indian Buddhist Thought. Routledge Critical Studies in Buddhism, 2003, page 72-73.

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Vasubandhu is critical of the third transformation, not because it relates to the conception of an object, but because it generates grasping after a "real object" (

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Waldron, William S. The Buddhist Unconscious: The Alaya-vijñana in the context of Indian Buddhist Thought. Routledge Critical Studies in Buddhism, 2003, page 131.

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Whatever, indeed, is the variety of ideas of self and elements that prevails, it occurs in the transformation of consciousness. Such transformation is threefold,

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Waldron, William S. The Buddhist Unconscious: The Alaya-vijñana in the context of Indian Buddhist Thought. Routledge Critical Studies in Buddhism, 2003, page 33.

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Waldron, William S. The Buddhist Unconscious: The Alaya-vijñana in the context of Indian Buddhist Thought. Routledge Critical Studies in Buddhism, 2003, page 97

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what exactly might be the grounds for his statement, would be unable to explain, and furthermore, would be put to grief. Why? Because it lies beyond range."

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According to Kalupahana, this classification of eight consciousnesses is based on a misunderstanding of Vasubandhu's Triṃśikaikākārikā by later adherents.

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All surviving schools of Buddhist thought accept – "in common" – the existence of the first six primary consciousnesses (Sanskrit:

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Waldron, William, S. (2003). The Buddhist Unconscious: The ālāyavijñāna in the Context of Indian Buddhist Thought, London, RoutledgeCurzon.

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The store-house consciousness receives impressions from all functions of the other consciousnesses, and retains them as potential energy,

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It is also called mind ("citta") because it is heaped up and accumulated by visual forms, sounds, smells, flavors, tangibles and dharmas.

4374:. A translation and explanation of the "Verses Delineating the Eight Consciousnesses by Tripitaka Master Hsuan-Tsang of the Tang Dynasty. 3518: 1651:

The first five sense-consciousnesses along with the sixth consciousness are identified in the Suttapiṭaka, especially in the Sabbasutta,

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Thomas McEvilley further argues that the presentation of the three natures by Vasubandhu is consistent with the Neo-platonist views of

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This consciousness is also called the appropriating consciousness ("adana-vijñana") because the body is grasped and appropriated by it.

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is described as an afflicted consciousness, which exhibits an ongoing subtle clinging to self that provides the basis for the ego and

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additionally points out that it must also have an immediate aspect, with the power to give rise to the six primary consciousnesses.

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L. Schmithausen. Ālayavijñāna: On the Origin and Early Development of a Central Concept of Yogācāra Philosophy, Tokyo, 1987, I, 7–8

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The existence of each of these is established dependently on the others. Sometimes translated as 'the three spheres' of an action.

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human experience, but without the enlarged egoistic emotions and dogmatic graspings characteristic of the next two transformations.

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It is also called the "alaya-vijñana" because it dwells in and attaches to this body in a common destiny ("ekayogakṣema-arthena").

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The ālayavijñāna (Japanese: 阿頼耶識 arayashiki), or the "All-encompassing foundation consciousness", forms the "base-consciousness" (

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doctrine developed over the previous centuries. It is the doctrine found in this text in particular that Tsong kha pa, in his

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doctrine arose on the Indian subcontinent about one thousand years before Tsong kha pa. It gained its place in a distinctly

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is posited only in the Yogācāra philosophical tenet system, all non-Gelug schools of Tibetan buddhism maintain that the

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The equation of ālāyavijñāna and tathāgatagarbha was contested. It was seen as "something akin to the Hindu notions of

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The ālāyavijñāna therefore is not an eighth consciousness, but the resultant of the transformation of consciousness:

1746:, which posits a basal consciousness that contains seeds for future cognitive processes. It is also described in the 1901: 1751: 887: 7091: 6571: 5533: 4656: 3688:

A valid conceptual way of cognizing an obscure object through reliance on a correct line of reasoning as its basis.

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of objects is created. By creating these concepts human beings become "susceptible to grasping after the object":

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A buddhist Doctrine of Experience. A New Translation and Interpretation of the Works of Vasubandhu the Yogacarin

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the resultant, what is called mentation, as well as the concept of the object. Herein, the consciousness called

1904:, the alayavijñana is taught by other Buddhist schools by different names. He states that the alaya is what the 368: 7086: 6438: 6252: 6230: 6223: 6126: 5659: 5095: 5040: 4661: 4467: 3428: 3148:(in English and Tibetan) (1st ed.). Albany, NY, United States: State University of New York Press (SUNY). 932: 418: 3630: 3611: 1945:

According to Yogācāra teachings, the seeds stored in the store consciousness of sentient beings are not pure.

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dealt with these questions in a systematic and thorough fashion, working through the Yogacāra concept of the

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A core teaching of Chan/Zen Buddhism describes the transformation of the Eight Consciousnesses into the

1846: 1747: 1588: 1496: 1404: 1355: 1306: 1257: 1208: 1159: 1002: 799: 598: 588: 543: 5654: 3727: 3585: 2713: 723:), which is the basis of the other seven. This eighth consciousness is said to store the impressions ( 6171: 5311: 2702:

refers to the first six consciousnesses which derive from direct sensory (including mental) cognition.

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According to the traditional interpretation, Vasubandhu states that there are eight consciousnesses (

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The Sautrāntika school of Buddhism, which relied closely on the sutras, developed a theory of seeds (

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the mental functions (心所法),: self-delusion (我癡), self-view (我見), egotism (我慢), and self-love (我愛)

1834: 847: 740: 603: 583: 523: 518: 406: 308: 301: 228: 218: 125: 2919: 4847: 1960:, when the four defilements of the mental functions of the manas-consciousness are purified. 7142: 7109: 7071: 6767: 6752: 6715: 6700: 6473: 6389: 6304: 6141: 6106: 6091: 6053: 5818: 5808: 5489: 5336: 5321: 5192: 5115: 5035: 4970: 4902: 4789: 4747: 4546: 4237: 4210: 3564: 3241: 3149: 3098: 2989: 1969: 650: 548: 533: 338: 213: 156: 120: 105: 36: 5836: 1764:

is considered to be the systematizer of Yogācāra thought. Vasubandhu used the concept of the

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Gareth Sparham, translator; Shotaro Iida; Tsoṅ-kha-pa Blo-bzaṅ-grags-pa 1357–1419 (1993).

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for these first six, so-called "common" consciousnesses has its origins in the first four

975: 638: 553: 353: 263: 208: 5866: 5580: 4827: 4690: 4314: 3080:, inattentive cognition) and lacks clarity of its objects. It carries karmic legacies ( 1853:) which enters the womb and develops based on two forms of appropriation or attachment ( 7076: 6779: 6629: 6411: 5991: 5971: 5891: 5570: 5504: 5479: 5341: 4402: 4019: 2932: 2896: 2843: 2808: 2784: 2749: 2718: 2672: 2641: 2617: 2586: 2557: 2526: 2497: 2447: 2173: 1728: 1580: 1488: 1396: 1347: 1298: 1249: 1200: 1151: 994: 791: 498: 428: 383: 323: 241: 6004: 5304: 5294: 3789:

The Buddhist Unconscious: The Alaya-vijñana in the context of Indian Buddhist Thought.

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as three different kinds of functions, rather than characteristics, and understanding

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The logico-epistemological wing in part sidestepped the critique by using the term

1114: 1011: 893:, a short text by Asaṅga (circa 350), setting out a systematic presentation of the 363: 248: 166: 52: 5719: 5704: 5664: 4601: 4233:

The Shape of Ancient Thought: Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies

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The Shape of Ancient Thought: Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies

1861: 1659:"Monks, I will teach you the All. Listen & pay close attention. I will speak." 3773:

translators render this term as 'afflictive emotions' or 'emotional afflictions.'

3482:"The Indian Yogācāra Master Sthiramati and His Views on the Ālayavijñāna Concept" 3268:"English Glossart of Buddhist Terms: 'All-encompassing Foundation Consciousness'" 1972:

and the schools of Chan and Zen Buddhism, the ālāyavijñāna is identical with the

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Straightforward cognition that is nonfallacious. See: straightforward cognition.

2956: 2952: 2859: 433: 7116: 5050: 2033:)". Many Tathāgatagarbha texts, in fact, argue for the acceptance of selfhood ( 817: 6851: 6809: 6685: 6491: 6416: 6030: 6014: 5976: 5956: 5871: 5851: 5826: 5734: 5669: 5649: 5395: 5326: 5197: 5080: 4985: 4935: 4867: 4593: 4583: 4556: 4406: 3545:"A Brief History of Buddhism in India before the Thirteenth-Century Invasions" 2327: 2037:) as a sign of higher accomplishment. The hybrid school attempted to conflate 1868: 1761: 1735: 1708: 1122: 952: 821: 438: 198: 95: 5165: 1912:), what the Mahīśāsakas call “the aggregate which lasts as long as samsara” ( 17: 6826: 6799: 5966: 5841: 5553: 5469: 5346: 5236: 5209: 5202: 5122: 5085: 4852: 4817: 4784: 4759: 4714: 1917: 1126: 879:

system over a period of some three hundred years stretching from 100 to 400

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The ālayavijñāna in the context of canonical and Abhidharma vijñāna theory.

2858:= English "disturbing emotion or attitude" – also called "moving mind", or 1110: 5361: 4398: 2889: 2881: 2873: 2834: 2775: 1987: 1956:

Through the process of purification the dharma practitioner can become an

1541: 1471: 1449: 983: 973: 963: 956: 945: 937: 906: 895: 885: 874: 867: 830: 807: 782: 633: 6956: 6911: 6856: 6821: 6725: 6384: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5931: 5916: 5896: 5831: 5749: 5739: 5714: 5709: 5609: 5370: 5241: 5229: 5140: 4877: 4799: 4496: 3071:, all-encompassing foundation consciousness, storehouse consciousness). 2238: 1921: 1830: 1704: 1118: 813: 700: 697: 693: 493: 473: 468: 348: 44: 4257: 6861: 6804: 6789: 5936: 5926: 5901: 5776: 5771: 5729: 5699: 5631: 5597: 5548: 5484: 5425: 5420: 5316: 5274: 5177: 5015: 4965: 4752: 4578: 3519:"English Glossary of Buddhist Terms: 'Valid Straightforward Cognition'" 2777: 2667: 2612: 2492: 2463: 2451: 1934: 851: 731: 725: 173: 3760:"English Glossary of Buddhist Terms: 'Disturbing Emotion or Attitude'" 3038:"Mind and Mental Factors: the Fifty-one Types of Subsidiary Awareness" 6941: 6926: 6762: 6624: 6604: 6379: 6041: 5921: 5911: 5846: 5474: 5430: 5415: 5405: 5375: 5356: 5299: 5182: 4950: 4822: 4566: 4561: 4186:

Walpola Rahula, quoted in Padmasiri De Silva, Robert Henry Thouless,

3547:. Berlin, Germany; January, 2002; revised April, 2007: Study Buddhism 2552: 2342: 2270: 2262: 2250: 1897: 1755: 928: 188: 183: 178: 141: 3481: 3402:"English Glossary of Buddhist Terms: 'Forms of Physical Phenomena'" 2984:

At vargaḥ 62 (nācaitasikavargaḥ): "ya ādhyātmiko 'sti vijñānakāyāḥ"

7081: 6916: 6774: 6740: 6720: 6690: 6619: 6036: 5881: 5759: 5754: 5724: 5679: 5526: 5521: 5400: 5105: 4930: 4897: 4887: 2948: 2917:= English "All-encompassing foundation consciousness" = Japanese: 2206: 1957: 920: 838: 736: 423: 4363:

The Precious Vase: Instructions on the Base of Santi Maha Sangha

6951: 5744: 5410: 4907: 3040:. Berlin, Germany; June 2002; revised July, 2006: Study Buddhism 4463: 3240:. Translated by Roberts, Peter Alan. Namo Buddha Publications. 2188:) as presented by Asaṅga are also mentioned in the Pāli Canon: 6609: 5145: 1009: – is roughly sketched out in the following table. 4276:"Master Hsu Yun (Xu Yun) - Daily Lectures at Two Ch'an Weeks" 3676:"English Glossary of Buddhist Terms: 'Inferential Cognition'" 2294:

consciousness (藏識), is there originally purity or taint? The

1872:). The Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra also defines it in varying ways: 4190:

Third revised edition published by NUS Press, 1992 page 66,

4145: 4143: 4130: 4128: 4115: 4113: 4076: 4074: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3650:"English Glossary of Buddhist Terms: 'Mental Consciousness'" 3348:"English Glossary of Buddhist Terms: 'Nonstatic Phenomenon'" 1859:); to the material sense faculties, and to predispositions ( 4177:

Third revised edition published by NUS Press, 1992 page 66.

3816:"English Glossary of Buddhist Terms: 'Reflexive Awareness'" 3238:

Transcending Ego: Distinguishing Consciousness from Wisdom

3702:"English Glossary of Buddhist Terms: 'Deluded Awareness'" 1625:

The surrounding world, the "receptacle" or "container" (

1513:

The eighth consciousness (which it grasps to as a self)

961:

eightfold network of primary consciousnesses –

4032:

Consciousness Mysticism in the Discourses of the Buddha.

3455:"English Glossary of Buddhist Terms: 'Cognitive Sensor'" 692:) is a classification developed in the tradition of the 3791:

Routledge Critical Studies in Buddhism, 2003, pp 94-95.

2211:

Eight Consciousnesses Return to the Origin 八識歸元圖, 1615

1125: – as first committed to writing during the 1105:

The derivation of this particular dual classification

3375:"English Glossary of Buddhist Terms: 'Three Circles'" 3321:"English Glossary of Buddhist Terms: 'Consciousness'" 1707:

may also be a forerunner of the ālāyavijñana theory.

4018:

Suzuki's introduction at p. xxvi, available online:

3307:

A combination of sounds that are assigned a meaning.

2132:

t can be purified by adopting a non-substantialist (

1833:). It is the storehouse-consciousness which induces 7052: 6967: 6882: 6580: 6482: 6365: 6062: 5990: 5817: 5690: 5630: 5265: 5131: 5071: 4916: 4808: 4738: 4592: 4537: 2425:

The womb or matrix of the Thus-come-one, the Buddha

3997:Waldron, William S. How Innovative is ALAYAVIJÑANA 3031: 3029: 1129:school's fourth council at Sri Lanka in 83 (BCE). 3429:"English Glossary of Buddhist Terms: 'Cognition'" 2115:Instead of being a completely distinct category, 1742:, the first mention of the concept occurs in the 1734:of a need to work out various issues in Buddhist 729:) of previous experiences, which form the seeds ( 4437:, one whose "seeds of defilement are destroyed". 2436:Buddha-nature#Popularisation in Chinese Buddhism 1559:, Also known as the appropriating consciousness 1014:The Eightfold Network of Primary Consciousnesses 3486:Academy of Buddhist Studies, Dongguk University 2365:makes it very different from that found in the 2283: 2190: 2158: 2130: 2113: 2101: 2089: 2061: 1999: 1657: 2302:consciousness. The technical term used in the 2164:), even when it is no more than a conception ( 1837:, causing the origination of a new existence. 4475: 4258:"Hakuin Ekaku (1685-1768). Selected Writings" 3261: 3259: 3257: 2912: 2382: 2380: 2241:and his universal 'One', 'Mind', and 'Soul'. 1617: 1611: 1605: 1598: 1506: 1414: 1365: 1316: 1267: 1218: 1169: 919:While some noteworthy modern scholars of the 658: 8: 5257:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 4446:Verses Delineating the Eight Consciousnesses 4371:Verses Delineating the Eight Consciousnesses 3746:Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 3295:"English Glossary of Buddhist Terms: 'Name'" 3092:ceases with the attainment of enlightenment. 2733:= English "valid straightforward cognition". 1552:"Storehouse" or "repository" consciousness 776:Eightfold network of primary consciousnesses 677:"Alaya" redirects here. For other uses, see 4173:Padmasiri De Silva, Robert Henry Thouless, 4046: 4044: 3908: 2152:of the object". In this transformation the 27:Types of consciousness in Mahayana Buddhism 4482: 4468: 4460: 4161: 4149: 4134: 4119: 4104: 4092: 4080: 3982: 3965: 3953: 3941: 3929: 2632:= English "form(s) of physical phænomena". 2168:) that combines experience and reflection. 1845:The ālayavijñāna is also described in the 665: 651: 31: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 1098: – are posited on the basis of 1094: – referred to in Sanskrit as 3993: 3991: 3188:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2947:= English "reflexive awareness" in non- 2887: – "abode" or dwelling", with 2095:The first transformation results in the 1663:"As you say, lord," the monks responded. 1571:and the "mind which has all the seeds" ( 1117: – the second division of the 6444:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 4399:Alayavijnana – Storehouse Consciousness 4016:The Lankavatara Sutra, A Mahayana Text, 2972: 2862:, in some Chinese and Japanese schools. 2483: 2354: 2136:) perspective and thereby allowing the 2107:, with all its seeds, is the resultant. 1997:thought with basic Yogācāra doctrines: 1849:as the "mind which has all the seeds" ( 43: 6647:List of Buddhist architecture in China 3878:"Digital Dictionary of Buddhism - 心相續" 3818:. Berlin, Germany: The Berzin Archives 3762:. Berlin, Germany: The Berzin Archives 3704:. Berlin, Germany: The Berzin Archives 3678:. Berlin, Germany: The Berzin Archives 3652:. Berlin, Germany: The Berzin Archives 3562: 3521:. Berlin, Germany: The Berzin Archives 3495: 3457:. Berlin, Germany: The Berzin Archives 3431:. Berlin, Germany: The Berzin Archives 3404:. Berlin, Germany: The Berzin Archives 3377:. Berlin, Germany: The Berzin Archives 3350:. Berlin, Germany: The Berzin Archives 3323:. Berlin, Germany: The Berzin Archives 3297:. Berlin, Germany: The Berzin Archives 3270:. Berlin, Germany: The Berzin Archives 3211:. Berlin, Germany: The Berzin Archives 3178: 3168: 3096: 3019: 3017: 2987: 2361:Kalupahana: "The above explanation of 1516:Disturbing emotion or attitude (Skt.: 836:, in order to explain the workings of 4343:The Principles of Buddhist Psychology 4230:McEvilley, Thomas (7 February 2012). 4203:McEvilley, Thomas (7 February 2012). 3876:Charles, Muller (11 September 2004). 3783: 3781: 3728:"Digital Dictionary of Buddhism - 八識" 3726:Muller, Charles (15 September 1997). 3631:"Digital Dictionary of Buddhism - 身識" 3612:"Digital Dictionary of Buddhism - 舌識" 3586:"Digital Dictionary of Buddhism - 鼻識" 2602:= English "three circles" of action. 2087:These transformations are threefold: 1866:) towards conceptual proliferations ( 7: 3205:"English Glossary of Buddhist Terms" 3007: 3005: 2343:Anatta in the Tathagatagarbha Sutras 2275:Treatise on Awakening Mahāyāna Faith 1829:) manifestation of one's existence ( 915:): Maitreya, Asaṅga, and Vasubandhu. 4453:How Innovative is the Ālayavijñāna? 3584:Muller, Charles (31 January 2003). 3088:. The continuity of an individual 2333:Thirty Verses on Consciousness-only 739:in this life and in the next after 6434:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 4311:Bulletin of Toyo Gakuen University 2799:= English "inferential cognition". 1688:Sautrāntika and Theravāda theories 1672:The early Buddhist texts speak of 116:Decline in the Indian subcontinent 111:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 25: 4305:Muller, Charles A. (March 1995). 4188:Buddhist and Freudian Psychology. 4175:Buddhist and Freudian Psychology. 2764:= English "mental consciousness". 2572:= English "nonstatic phænomenon". 2468:Daily Lectures at Two Ch'an Weeks 2450:of the Sixth Ancestor Zen Master 2172:A similar perspective is give by 1711:cites the bhavaṅgavijñāna of the 7115: 7105: 7104: 6662:Thai temple art and architecture 6407:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 4647:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 4513: 4500: 4490: 4345:, Delhi: ri Satguru Publications 4313:. pp. 33–48. Archived from 4107:, p. 194, Trimsika verse 2. 4095:, p. 192, Trimsika verse 1. 3629:Muller, Charles (13 June 2002). 3334:of conscious versus unconscious. 2446:It is found in Chapter 7 of the 2050:Transformations of consciousness 1985:(permanent, invariant self) and 1768:, on which he elaborated in the 923:tradition (which was founded by 748: 632: 51: 4514: 4350:Kochumuttom, Thomas A. (1999), 4038:Curzon Press 1989, pages 96-97. 3610:Muller, Charles (11 May 2002). 2454:and other Zen masters, such as 1908:call the “root-consciousness” ( 1100:valid straightforward cognition 715:), and finally the fundamental 6652:Japanese Buddhist architecture 6454:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 5534:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 4725:Places where the Buddha stayed 3800:Schmithausen, Lambert (1987). 2823:= English "deluded awareness". 2323:Doctrine of Consciousness-Only 1772:(Treatise in Thirty Stanzas). 1540:, is asserted, uncommonly, in 1448:, is asserted, uncommonly, in 971:in Sanskrit (from compounding 1: 6667:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 4341:Kalupahana, David J. (1992), 2687:= English "cognitive sensor". 2124:The second transformation is 1978:, and is fundamentally pure. 861:According to Gareth Sparham, 6424:Buddhism and the Roman world 6400:Decline of Buddhism in India 6395:History of Buddhism in India 4495: Topics in 4450:Waldron, William S. (1995). 4354:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass 4053:"What is and isn't Yogācāra" 2144:The third transformation is 2013:as "permanent, pleasurable, 2005:, "mind-stream", instead of 1703:The Theravāda theory of the 806:). The internally coherent 709:defiled mental consciousness 314:Buddhist Paths to liberation 5622:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 5362: 4368:Epstein, Ronald (undated). 2890: 2882: 2874: 2835: 2776: 2416:), and he becomes a Buddha. 2281:AMF in the excerpt below): 2279:Mahāyānaśraddhotpādaśāstra, 1988: 1798:Manas (self-consciousness), 1792:Five sense-consciousnesses, 1542: 1472: 1450: 984: 974: 964: 957: 951:is accepted by the various 946: 938: 907: 896: 886: 875: 868: 856:3rd Karmapa, Rangjung Dorje 831: 808: 783: 7174: 6572:The unanswerable questions 4413:and compares the Mahayana 3502:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 2994:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 2541:= English "consciousness". 1726: 1536:, posited on the basis of 1440:, posited on the basis of 1092:Six Common Consciousnesses 676: 7100: 6657:Buddhist temples in Korea 5220:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 5123:Three planes of existence 4730:Buddha in world religions 4509: 4246:– via Google Books. 4219:– via Google Books. 2936: 2913: 2900: 2847: 2812: 2788: 2753: 2722: 2676: 2645: 2621: 2590: 2561: 2530: 2501: 2273:(元曉) is described in the 2198:Understanding in Buddhism 1801:Storehouse-consciousness. 1696:, 種子) in the mindstream ( 1618: 1612: 1606: 1599: 1584: 1563:the basic consciousness ( 1507: 1492: 1442:straightforward cognition 1415: 1400: 1366: 1351: 1317: 1302: 1268: 1253: 1219: 1204: 1170: 1155: 1085: 1033: 1024: 1019: 998: 795: 717:store-house consciousness 6439:Persecution of Buddhists 5660:Four stages of awakening 5041:Three marks of existence 4627:Physical characteristics 4441:Eightfold Path of Buddha 4405:, not dated; quotes the 4036:The Yogi and the Mystic. 3569:: CS1 maint: location ( 3103:: CS1 maint: location ( 2895:, or "consciousness") = 1964:Tathagata-garbha thought 1928:Rebirth and purification 935:school) assert that the 5802:Ten principal disciples 4685:(aunt, adoptive mother) 3863:www.accesstoinsight.org 3744:Williams, Paul (2008). 3480:Delhey, Martin (2016). 3057:rnam-shes tshogs-brgyad 2059:of this consciousness: 1940:container consciousness 1642:Origins and development 1040:Three Circles of Action 1007:rnam-shes tshogs-brgyad 993:"consciousnesses"), or 955:schools, as well. The 812:school associated with 334:Philosophical reasoning 6512:Buddhism and democracy 6025:Tibetan Buddhist canon 6020:Chinese Buddhist canon 5252:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 5247:Early Buddhist schools 4034:In Karel Werner, ed., 3859:"Sabba Sutta: The All" 3059:): deluded awareness ( 2656:= English "cognition". 2338:Three kinds of objects 2309: 2217: 2195: 2170: 2142: 2122: 2109: 2093: 2085: 2079:itself as a function ( 2047: 1890: 1738:thought. According to 1670: 917: 911:founding saints (Tib. 756:This article contains 679:Alaya (disambiguation) 101:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 6522:Eight Consciousnesses 4632:Life of Buddha in art 3841:"Sabbasutta: The All" 3209:Primary Consciousness 2470:, Week 1, Fourth Day. 2466:, in his work titled 2458:, in his work titled 2369:. The latter assumes 2267:Essence-Function (體用) 2210: 1874: 1538:inferential cognition 1446:inferential cognition 1438:Seventh Consciousness 1385:Mental Consciousness 1287:Tongue Consciousness 883:, culminating in the 863: 686:Eight Consciousnesses 369:Aids to Enlightenment 194:Dependent Origination 6999:East Asian religions 6429:Buddhism in the West 6000:Early Buddhist texts 5615:Four Right Exertions 5081:Ten spiritual realms 4574:Noble Eightfold Path 4429:, the "uprooting of 3787:Waldron, William S. 2081:vijnanatiti vijnanam 1847:Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra 1748:Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra 1740:Lambert Schmithausen 1653:Saṃyuttanikāya 35.23 1647:Early Buddhist texts 1632:Reflexive awareness 1534:Eighth Consciousness 1444:in combination with 854:, the Kagyu scholar 339:Devotional practices 162:Noble Eightfold Path 7122:Religion portal 6869:Temple of the Tooth 6748:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 5787:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 5280:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 5063:Two truths doctrine 4883:Mahapajapati Gotamī 4683:Mahapajapati Gotamī 4059:on 16 December 2013 3814:Berzin, Alexander. 3758:Berzin, Alexander. 3748:, Routledge, p. 97. 3700:Berzin, Alexander. 3674:Berzin, Alexander. 3648:Berzin, Alexander. 3543:Berzin, Alexander. 3517:Berzin, Alexander. 3453:Berzin, Alexander. 3427:Berzin, Alexander. 3400:Berzin, Alexander. 3373:Berzin, Alexander. 3346:Berzin, Alexander. 3319:Berzin, Alexander. 3293:Berzin, Alexander. 3266:Berzin, Alexander. 3203:Berzin, Alexander. 3078:snang-la ma-nges-pa 3036:Berzin, Alexander. 2982:"Sātyasiddhiśāstra" 1851:sarvabījakam cittam 1766:six consciousnesses 1744:Yogācārabhumiśāstra 1573:sarvabījakam cittam 1336:Body Consciousness 1238:Nose Consciousness 1036:Nonstatic Phænomena 1016: 999:རྣམ་ཤེས་ཚོགས་བརྒྱད་ 913:shing rta srol byed 848:disturbing emotions 639:Buddhism portal 512:Buddhism by country 274:Sanskrit literature 7044:Western philosophy 6642:Dzong architecture 6464:Vipassana movement 6459:Buddhist modernism 5887:Emperor Wen of Sui 5655:Pratyekabuddhayāna 5588:Threefold Training 5390:Vipassana movement 5106:Hungry Ghost realm 4926:Avidyā (Ignorance) 4873:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 4622:Great Renunciation 4617:Eight Great Events 4499: 4280:hsuyun.budismo.net 4236:. Allworth Press. 4209:. Allworth Press. 4164:, p. 141-142. 3968:, p. 137-139. 3956:, p. 138-140. 3944:, p. 135-143. 3181:has generic name ( 3069:kun-gzhi rnam-shes 2909:kun-gzhi rnam-shes 2879:(from compounding 2731:mngon-sum tshad-ma 2285:The author of the 2221:Fǎxiàng and Huayan 2218: 1821:) for the mental ( 1795:Mind (perception), 1717:Tāmraparṇīyanikāya 1593:kun-gzhi rnam-shes 1501:nyon-yid rnam-shes 1460:Deluded awareness 1189:Ear Consciousness 1140:Eye Consciousness 1087:I. – VI. 1012: 903:Ocean of Eloquence 844:kliṣṭamanovijñāna 768:Tibetan characters 126:Buddhist modernism 7130: 7129: 6768:Om mani padme hum 6474:Women in Buddhism 6390:Buddhist councils 6260:Western countries 6048:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 5809:Shaolin Monastery 5386:Samatha-vipassanā 4996:Pratītyasamutpāda 4800:Metteyya/Maitreya 4718: 4710: 4702: 4694: 4686: 4678: 4670: 4547:Four Noble Truths 4317:on 28 August 2008 3247:978-0-9628026-1-4 3234:Rinpoche, Thrangu 2951:presentations of 2762:yid-kyi rnam-shes 2714:pratyakshapramana 2512:= English "name". 1968:According to the 1914:asaṃsārikaskandha 1770:Triṃśikaikākārikā 1639: 1638: 1481:kliṣṭamanovijñāna 1409:yid-kyi rnam-shes 1360:lus-kyi rnam-shes 1096:pravṛttivijñānāni 826:kliṣṭamanovijñāna 764:rendering support 713:kliṣṭamanovijñāna 690:aṣṭa vijñānakāyāḥ 675: 674: 157:Four Noble Truths 16:(Redirected from 7165: 7120: 7119: 7108: 7107: 6947:Sacred languages 6795:Maya Devi Temple 6758:Mahabodhi Temple 6562:Secular Buddhism 6527:Engaged Buddhism 5367: 5215:Tibetan Buddhism 5166:Vietnamese Thiền 4765:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 4716: 4708: 4700: 4692: 4684: 4676: 4668: 4517: 4516: 4504: 4494: 4484: 4477: 4470: 4461: 4355: 4346: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4282:. Archived from 4272: 4266: 4265: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4200: 4194: 4184: 4178: 4171: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4138: 4132: 4123: 4117: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4055:. Archived from 4048: 4039: 4028: 4022: 4013: 4007: 4004: 3998: 3995: 3986: 3980: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3918: 3912: 3909:Kochumuttom 1999 3906: 3900: 3897: 3891: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3845:suttacentral.net 3837: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3823: 3811: 3805: 3798: 3792: 3785: 3776: 3775: 3769: 3767: 3755: 3749: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3709: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3685: 3683: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3657: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3568: 3560: 3554: 3552: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3528: 3526: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3501: 3493: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3464: 3462: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3438: 3436: 3424: 3418: 3417: 3411: 3409: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3384: 3382: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3357: 3355: 3343: 3337: 3336: 3330: 3328: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3304: 3302: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3277: 3275: 3263: 3252: 3251: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3216: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3186: 3180: 3176: 3174: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3143: 3134: 3109: 3108: 3102: 3094: 3047: 3045: 3033: 3024: 3021: 3012: 3009: 3000: 2999: 2993: 2985: 2977: 2960: 2938: 2930: 2924: 2916: 2915: 2902: 2901:ཀུན་གཞི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ 2893: 2885: 2877: 2869: 2863: 2849: 2840: 2830: 2824: 2814: 2806: 2800: 2790: 2781: 2771: 2765: 2755: 2754:ཡིད་ཀྱི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ 2740: 2734: 2724: 2709: 2703: 2699:pravṛtti-vijñāna 2694: 2688: 2678: 2663: 2657: 2647: 2639: 2633: 2623: 2608: 2598: 2592: 2582: 2573: 2563: 2548: 2542: 2532: 2519: 2513: 2503: 2488: 2471: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2417: 2413: 2407: 2403: 2397: 2394: 2388: 2384: 2375: 2359: 2263:Interpenetration 1991: 1970:Laṅkāvatārasūtra 1902:Mahāyānasaṃgraha 1825:) and physical ( 1752:Mahāyānasaṃgraha 1621: 1620: 1615: 1614: 1609: 1608: 1602: 1601: 1586: 1585:ཀུན་གཞི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ 1545: 1510: 1509: 1494: 1493:ཉོན་ཡིད་རྣམ་ཤེས་ 1477: 1453: 1418: 1417: 1402: 1401:ཡིད་ཀྱི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ 1369: 1368: 1353: 1352:ལུས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ 1320: 1319: 1304: 1271: 1270: 1255: 1222: 1221: 1206: 1173: 1172: 1164:mig-gi rnam-shes 1157: 1017: 1000: 989:, the plural of 987: 981:, "eight", with 979: 969: 960: 949: 941: 910: 899: 891: 888:Mahāyānasaṃgraha 882: 878: 871: 834: 811: 797: 788: 752: 751: 667: 660: 653: 637: 636: 364:Sublime abidings 55: 32: 21: 7173: 7172: 7168: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7163: 7162: 7158:Eighteen dhātus 7133: 7132: 7131: 7126: 7114: 7096: 7048: 6963: 6878: 6615:Ordination hall 6576: 6478: 6449:Buddhist crisis 6361: 6058: 6010:Mahayana sutras 5986: 5982:Thích Nhất Hạnh 5813: 5686: 5626: 5576:Bodhisattva vow 5261: 5127: 5067: 5026:Taṇhā (Craving) 4961:Five hindrances 4912: 4804: 4734: 4588: 4533: 4505: 4488: 4427:alayasamugghata 4423:Nikaya Buddhism 4415:asrayaparavrtti 4395: 4382: 4380:Further reading 4377: 4349: 4340: 4336: 4331: 4330: 4320: 4318: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4289: 4287: 4286:on 25 July 2011 4274: 4273: 4269: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4244: 4229: 4228: 4224: 4217: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4185: 4181: 4172: 4168: 4162:Kalupahana 1992 4160: 4156: 4150:Kalupahana 1992 4148: 4141: 4135:Kalupahana 1992 4133: 4126: 4120:Kalupahana 1992 4118: 4111: 4105:Kalupahana 1992 4103: 4099: 4093:Kalupahana 1992 4091: 4087: 4081:Kalupahana 1992 4079: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4051:Lusthaus, Jan. 4050: 4049: 4042: 4029: 4025: 4014: 4010: 4005: 4001: 3996: 3989: 3983:Kalupahana 1992 3981: 3972: 3966:Kalupahana 1992 3964: 3960: 3954:Kalupahana 1992 3952: 3948: 3942:Kalupahana 1992 3940: 3936: 3930:Kalupahana 1992 3928: 3924: 3919: 3915: 3907: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3889: 3885: 3875: 3874: 3870: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3839: 3838: 3834: 3821: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3799: 3795: 3786: 3779: 3765: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3743: 3739: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3707: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3694: 3681: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3655: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3594: 3592: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3561: 3550: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3524: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3494: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3460: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3434: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3407: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3380: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3353: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3340: 3326: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3300: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3287: 3273: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3255: 3248: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3214: 3212: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3187: 3177: 3167: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3141: 3136: 3135: 3112: 3095: 3043: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3027: 3022: 3015: 3010: 3003: 2986: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2963: 2931: 2927: 2870: 2866: 2831: 2827: 2807: 2803: 2772: 2768: 2741: 2737: 2710: 2706: 2695: 2691: 2664: 2660: 2640: 2636: 2609: 2605: 2585: 2576: 2549: 2545: 2520: 2516: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2474: 2445: 2441: 2433: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2414: 2410: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2385: 2378: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2314: 2259: 2247: 2223: 2214:Xingming guizhi 2205: 2200: 2057:transformations 2052: 2039:tathāgatagarbha 2011:tathāgatagarbha 1995:Tathāgatagarbha 1975:tathāgatagarbha 1966: 1930: 1916:) and what the 1843: 1811: 1778: 1731: 1725: 1690: 1664: 1660: 1649: 1644: 1561:(ādānavijñāna), 1311:lce’i rnam-shes 1262:sna’i rnam-shes 1213:rna’i rnam-shes 1156:མིག་གི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ 880: 850:. Based on the 778: 773: 772: 771: 762:Without proper 753: 749: 682: 671: 631: 624: 623: 514: 504: 503: 454: 444: 443: 409: 399: 398: 304: 294: 293: 264:Mahayana Sutras 244: 234: 233: 174:Five Aggregates 152: 151: 131: 130: 121:Later Buddhists 86: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7171: 7169: 7161: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7135: 7134: 7128: 7127: 7125: 7124: 7112: 7101: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7058: 7056: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6995: 6994: 6989: 6979: 6973: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6954: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6888: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6865: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6813: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6771: 6770: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6682: 6681: 6679:Greco-Buddhist 6671: 6670: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6633: 6632: 6630:Burmese pagoda 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6586: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6488: 6486: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6420: 6419: 6412:Greco-Buddhism 6409: 6404: 6403: 6402: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6371: 6369: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6359: 6358: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6345:United Kingdom 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6290:Czech Republic 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6257: 6256: 6255: 6250: 6240: 6239: 6238: 6228: 6227: 6226: 6221: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6169: 6164: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6068: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6056: 6054:Abhidharmadīpa 6051: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5996: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5972:B. R. Ambedkar 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5892:Songtsen Gampo 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5823: 5821: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5811: 5806: 5805: 5804: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5768: 5767: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5696: 5694: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5684: 5683: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5636: 5634: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5624: 5619: 5618: 5617: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5585: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5571:Eight precepts 5568: 5558: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5466: 5465: 5460: 5450: 5445: 5444: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5359: 5349: 5344: 5342:Five Strengths 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5308: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5282: 5277: 5271: 5269: 5263: 5262: 5260: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5207: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5137: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5125: 5120: 5119: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5083: 5077: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4981:Mental factors 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4922: 4920: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4833:Mahamoggallāna 4830: 4825: 4820: 4814: 4812: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4756: 4755: 4748:Avalokiteśvara 4744: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4721: 4720: 4712: 4704: 4696: 4688: 4680: 4672: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4598: 4596: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4570: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4549: 4543: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4489: 4487: 4486: 4479: 4472: 4464: 4458: 4457: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4403:Walpola Rahula 4394: 4393:External links 4391: 4390: 4389: 4386: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4375: 4366: 4359:Norbu, Namkhai 4356: 4347: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4328: 4297: 4267: 4249: 4242: 4222: 4215: 4195: 4179: 4166: 4154: 4152:, p. 141. 4139: 4137:, p. 140. 4124: 4122:, p. 138. 4109: 4097: 4085: 4083:, p. 137. 4070: 4040: 4030:Peter Harvey, 4023: 4008: 3999: 3987: 3985:, p. 139. 3970: 3958: 3946: 3934: 3932:, p. 126. 3922: 3913: 3901: 3892: 3883: 3868: 3850: 3832: 3806: 3793: 3777: 3750: 3737: 3718: 3692: 3666: 3640: 3621: 3602: 3576: 3535: 3509: 3472: 3445: 3419: 3392: 3365: 3338: 3311: 3285: 3253: 3246: 3225: 3195: 3179:|author1= 3154: 3139:"Introduction" 3110: 3025: 3013: 3001: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2959:tenet systems. 2925: 2864: 2825: 2801: 2766: 2735: 2723:མངོན་སུམ་ཚད་མ་ 2704: 2689: 2658: 2634: 2603: 2574: 2543: 2514: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2448:Platform Sutra 2439: 2427: 2418: 2408: 2398: 2389: 2376: 2353: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2313: 2310: 2258: 2255: 2246: 2243: 2222: 2219: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2174:Walpola Rahula 2146:viṣayavijñapti 2051: 2048: 1965: 1962: 1929: 1926: 1842: 1839: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1777: 1774: 1727:Main article: 1724: 1721: 1689: 1686: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1623: 1596: 1576: 1554: 1548: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1514: 1511: 1504: 1484: 1462: 1456: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1412: 1392: 1387: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1363: 1343: 1338: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1314: 1303:ལྕེའི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ 1294: 1289: 1282: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1265: 1245: 1240: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1216: 1196: 1191: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1167: 1147: 1142: 1135: 1134: 1090:Each of these 1083: 1082: 1076: 1070: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1043: 1042: 1032: 1023: 927:'s reforms to 777: 774: 758:Tibetan script 754: 747: 746: 745: 673: 672: 670: 669: 662: 655: 647: 644: 643: 642: 641: 626: 625: 622: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 515: 510: 509: 506: 505: 502: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 455: 450: 449: 446: 445: 442: 441: 436: 431: 429:Pratyekabuddha 426: 421: 416: 410: 405: 404: 401: 400: 397: 396: 391: 386: 384:Buddhist chant 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 305: 300: 299: 296: 295: 292: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 245: 242:Buddhist texts 240: 239: 236: 235: 232: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 170: 169: 159: 153: 150: 149: 144: 138: 137: 136: 133: 132: 129: 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 87: 82: 81: 78: 77: 76: 75: 70: 65: 57: 56: 48: 47: 41: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7170: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7153:Buddha-nature 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7111: 7103: 7102: 7099: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7051: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6984: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6972: 6970: 6966: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6884:Miscellaneous 6881: 6875: 6874:Vegetarianism 6872: 6870: 6867: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6769: 6766: 6765: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6718: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6696:Buddha in art 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6675: 6672: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6631: 6628: 6627: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6592: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6579: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6481: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6418: 6415: 6414: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6364: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6350:United States 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6261: 6258: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6241: 6237: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6229: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6177: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6061: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6049: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6032: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5993: 5989: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5907:Padmasambhava 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5819:Major figures 5816: 5810: 5807: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5766: 5765:Western tulku 5763: 5762: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5689: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5662: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5629: 5623: 5620: 5616: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5589: 5586: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5566:Five precepts 5564: 5563: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5544:Dhamma vicaya 5542: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5535: 5532: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5354: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5312:Buddhābhiṣeka 5310: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5287: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5264: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5208: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5148: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5124: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5070: 5064: 5061: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5043: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4956:Enlightenment 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4946:Dhamma theory 4944: 4942: 4941:Buddha-nature 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4915: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4807: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4780:Samantabhadra 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4737: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4719: 4713: 4711: 4705: 4703: 4697: 4695: 4689: 4687: 4681: 4679: 4673: 4671: 4665: 4664: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4512: 4511: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4485: 4480: 4478: 4473: 4471: 4466: 4465: 4462: 4456: 4454: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4419:bijaparavrtti 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4387: 4384: 4383: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4367: 4364: 4360: 4357: 4353: 4348: 4344: 4339: 4338: 4333: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4301: 4298: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4268: 4263: 4259: 4253: 4250: 4245: 4243:9781581159332 4239: 4235: 4234: 4226: 4223: 4218: 4216:9781581159332 4212: 4208: 4207: 4199: 4196: 4192: 4189: 4183: 4180: 4176: 4170: 4167: 4163: 4158: 4155: 4151: 4146: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4131: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4101: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4058: 4054: 4047: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4027: 4024: 4020: 4017: 4012: 4009: 4003: 4000: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3950: 3947: 3943: 3938: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3923: 3917: 3914: 3910: 3905: 3902: 3896: 3893: 3887: 3884: 3879: 3872: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3846: 3842: 3836: 3833: 3829: 3817: 3810: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3761: 3754: 3751: 3747: 3741: 3738: 3733: 3729: 3722: 3719: 3715: 3703: 3696: 3693: 3689: 3677: 3670: 3667: 3663: 3651: 3644: 3641: 3636: 3632: 3625: 3622: 3617: 3613: 3606: 3603: 3591: 3587: 3580: 3577: 3572: 3566: 3559: 3546: 3539: 3536: 3532: 3520: 3513: 3510: 3505: 3499: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3456: 3449: 3446: 3442: 3430: 3423: 3420: 3416: 3403: 3396: 3393: 3389: 3376: 3369: 3366: 3362: 3349: 3342: 3339: 3335: 3322: 3315: 3312: 3308: 3296: 3289: 3286: 3282: 3269: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3229: 3226: 3222: 3210: 3206: 3199: 3196: 3191: 3184: 3172: 3157: 3155:0-7914-1479-5 3151: 3147: 3140: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3100: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3039: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3008: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2991: 2983: 2976: 2973: 2966: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2934: 2929: 2926: 2922: 2921: 2910: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2892: 2886: 2884: 2878: 2876: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2845: 2841: 2839: 2838: 2829: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2810: 2805: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2786: 2782: 2780: 2779: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2751: 2747: 2746: 2739: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2700: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2643: 2638: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2591:འཁོར་ལོ་གསུམ་ 2588: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2528: 2524: 2518: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2499: 2495: 2494: 2487: 2484: 2477: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2460:Keiso Dokuqui 2457: 2453: 2449: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2431: 2428: 2422: 2419: 2412: 2409: 2402: 2399: 2393: 2390: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2363:alaya-vijnana 2358: 2355: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2220: 2216: 2215: 2209: 2202: 2197: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2129: 2127: 2121: 2118: 2117:alaya-vijnana 2112: 2108: 2106: 2100: 2098: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2060: 2058: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2043:ālaya-vijñāna 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2007:ālaya-vijñāna 2004: 2003:citta-santāna 1998: 1996: 1992: 1990: 1984: 1979: 1977: 1976: 1971: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1954: 1953:is possible. 1952: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1906:Mahasamghikas 1903: 1899: 1896:According to 1894: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1883: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1871: 1870: 1865: 1863: 1858: 1857: 1852: 1848: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1808: 1806: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1787: 1783: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1730: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1687: 1685: 1684:) to arise". 1683: 1679: 1675: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1646: 1641: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1622: 1597: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1582: 1577: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1505: 1503: 1502: 1498: 1490: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1476: 1475: 1468: 1467: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1413: 1411: 1410: 1406: 1398: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1364: 1362: 1361: 1357: 1349: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1332: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1315: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1300: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1266: 1264: 1263: 1259: 1254:སྣའི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ 1251: 1246: 1244: 1243:ghrāṇavijñāna 1241: 1239: 1235: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1217: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1205:རྣའི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ 1202: 1197: 1195: 1194:śrotravijñāna 1192: 1190: 1186: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1168: 1166: 1165: 1161: 1153: 1148: 1146: 1145:cakṣurvijñāna 1143: 1141: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1031: 1030:Consciousness 1027: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1010: 1008: 1004: 996: 992: 988: 986: 980: 978: 977: 970: 968: 967: 966:aṣṭavijñānāni 959: 954: 950: 948: 942: 940: 934: 930: 926: 922: 916: 914: 909: 904: 900: 898: 897:ālaya-vijñāna 892: 890: 889: 877: 872: 870: 869:ālaya-vijñāna 862: 859: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 840: 835: 833: 827: 823: 819: 815: 810: 805: 801: 793: 789: 787: 786: 775: 769: 765: 761: 759: 744: 742: 738: 734: 733: 728: 727: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 699: 695: 691: 687: 680: 668: 663: 661: 656: 654: 649: 648: 646: 645: 640: 635: 630: 629: 628: 627: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 516: 513: 508: 507: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 456: 453: 448: 447: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 411: 408: 403: 402: 395: 394:Vegetarianism 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 349:Recollections 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 319:Five precepts 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 306: 303: 298: 297: 290: 287: 285: 284:Chinese canon 282: 280: 279:Tibetan canon 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 246: 243: 238: 237: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 168: 165: 164: 163: 160: 158: 155: 154: 148: 145: 143: 140: 139: 135: 134: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 88: 85: 80: 79: 74: 71: 69: 66: 64: 61: 60: 59: 58: 54: 50: 49: 46: 42: 38: 34: 33: 30: 19: 18:Alaya-vijnana 7062:Bodhisattvas 6982:Christianity 6977:Baháʼí Faith 6842:Dharmachakra 6832:Prayer wheel 6822:Prayer beads 6590:Architecture 6521: 6469:969 Movement 6253:Saudi Arabia 6231:Central Asia 6224:South Africa 6046: 6029: 5962:Panchen Lama 5867:Buddhapālita 5463:Satipatthana 5458:Mindful Yoga 5371:Recollection 5285:Brahmavihara 5156:Japanese Zen 5151:Chinese Chan 5111:Animal realm 4918:Key concepts 4740:Bodhisattvas 4552:Three Jewels 4451: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4370: 4362: 4351: 4342: 4321:18 September 4319:. 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685: 683: 344:Merit making 309:Three Jewels 249:Buddhavacana 179:Impermanence 167:Dharma wheel 29: 6907:Dharma talk 6736:Asalha Puja 6532:Eschatology 6335:Switzerland 6315:New Zealand 6243:Middle East 6152:Philippines 6072:Afghanistan 5877:Bodhidharma 5862:Buddhaghosa 5782:Householder 5692:Monasticism 5645:Bodhisattva 5500:Prostration 5453:Mindfulness 5381:Anapanasati 5364:Kammaṭṭhāna 5161:Korean Seon 5101:Asura realm 5096:Human realm 5036:Ten Fetters 4991:Parinirvana 4893:Uppalavanna 4858:Mahākaccana 4843:Mahākassapa 4775:Kṣitigarbha 4770:Ākāśagarbha 4667:Suddhodāna 4612:Four sights 4539:Foundations 4262:terebess.hu 3215:14 February 2957:Chittamatra 2953:Sautrantika 2860:mind monkey 2478:Definitions 2367:Lankavatara 1910:mulavijñana 1815:mūlavijñāna 1750:and in the 1421:Thought(s) 1390:manovijñāna 1372:Feeling(s) 1341:kāyavijñāna 1034:Associated 705:manovijñāna 579:New Zealand 434:Bodhisattva 419:Four Stages 374:Monasticism 354:Mindfulness 324:Perfections 254:Early Texts 7148:Nonduality 7137:Categories 7024:Psychology 7004:Gnosticism 6992:Comparison 6987:Influences 6969:Comparison 6852:Bhavacakra 6810:Kushinagar 6785:Pilgrimage 6731:Māgha Pūjā 6686:Bodhi Tree 6502:Buddhology 6492:Abhidharma 6484:Philosophy 6417:Menander I 6285:Costa Rica 6236:Uzbekistan 6077:Bangladesh 6031:Dhammapada 6015:Pali Canon 5977:Ajahn Chah 5957:Dalai Lama 5857:Kumārajīva 5852:Vasubandhu 5827:The Buddha 5735:Zen master 5670:Sakadagami 5650:Buddhahood 5581:Pratimokṣa 5396:Shikantaza 5352:Meditation 5327:Deity yoga 5198:Madhyamaka 5091:Deva realm 4986:Mindstream 4936:Bodhicitta 4848:Aṅgulimāla 4715:Devadatta 4691:Yaśodharā 4594:The Buddha 4584:Middle Way 4409:'s use of 4407:Pali Canon 4063:12 January 3822:6 February 3766:6 February 3708:6 February 3682:7 February 3656:7 February 3525:7 February 3461:6 February 3435:6 February 3408:6 February 3381:7 February 3354:7 February 3327:6 February 3301:7 February 3274:6 February 3161:6 February 2967:References 2920:arayashiki 2911:= Chinese 2856:nyon-mongs 2742:Sanskrit 2570:mi-rtag-pa 2328:Mindstream 1762:Vasubandhu 1736:Abhidharma 1709:Vasubandhu 1123:Pali Canon 1078:Cognitive 1066:Cognitive 953:Madhyamaka 925:Tsongkhapa 822:Vasubandhu 696:school of 452:Traditions 389:Pilgrimage 329:Meditation 289:Post-canon 269:Pāli Canon 199:Middle Way 96:The Buddha 7092:Festivals 7072:Buddhists 7034:Theosophy 6837:Symbolism 6827:Hama yumi 6800:Bodh Gaya 6567:Socialism 6542:Evolution 6517:Economics 6355:Venezuela 6270:Australia 6265:Argentina 6189:Sri Lanka 6184:Singapore 6102:Indonesia 6064:Countries 6005:Tripiṭaka 5967:Ajahn Mun 5842:Nagarjuna 5837:Aśvaghoṣa 5720:Anagārika 5715:Śrāmaṇerī 5710:Śrāmaṇera 5705:Bhikkhunī 5665:Sotāpanna 5554:Passaddhi 5495:Offerings 5470:Nekkhamma 5347:Iddhipada 5267:Practices 5237:Theravada 5210:Vajrayana 5203:Yogachara 5173:Pure Land 5086:Six Paths 5073:Cosmology 4853:Anuruddha 4828:Sāriputta 4818:Kaundinya 4810:Disciples 4785:Vajrapāṇi 4637:Footprint 4602:Tathāgata 4435:khinabija 4361:(2001). 4290:8 October 3171:cite book 2871:Sanskrit 2848:ཉོན་མོངས་ 2832:Sanskrit 2813:ཉོན་ཡིད་་ 2797:rjes-dpag 2789:རྗེས་དཔག་ 2773:Sanskrit 2711:Sanskrit 2696:Sanskrit 2665:Sanskrit 2610:Sanskrit 2562:མི་རྟག་པ་ 2550:Sanskrit 2539:rnam-shes 2521:Sanskrit 2490:Sanskrit 2434:See also 2265:(通達) and 2162:sad artha 2041:with the 1951:awakening 1920:call the 1918:Sthaviras 1782:vijñānāni 1776:Vijñānāni 1713:Sinhalese 1629:) world 1424:Ideation 1323:Taste(s) 1274:Smell(s) 1225:Sound(s) 1176:Sight(s) 1127:Theravada 1074:Cognition 1021:Subgroups 985:vijñānāni 804:rnam-shes 599:Sri Lanka 589:Singapore 544:Indonesia 484:Vajrayāna 459:Theravāda 414:Awakening 302:Practices 259:Tripiṭaka 229:Cosmology 204:Emptiness 184:Suffering 7143:Yogacara 7110:Category 7039:Violence 7009:Hinduism 6957:Sanskrit 6912:Hinayana 6897:Amitābha 6857:Swastika 6726:Uposatha 6716:Holidays 6701:Calendar 6547:Humanism 6385:Kanishka 6375:Timeline 6199:Thailand 6167:Kalmykia 6162:Buryatia 6147:Pakistan 6132:Mongolia 6127:Maldives 6122:Malaysia 6087:Cambodia 5952:Shamarpa 5947:Nichiren 5897:Xuanzang 5832:Nagasena 5750:Rinpoche 5480:Pāramitā 5322:Devotion 5242:Navayana 5230:Dzogchen 5193:Nichiren 5141:Mahayana 5133:Branches 5011:Saṅkhāra 4760:Mañjuśrī 4717:(cousin) 4709:(cousin) 4677:(mother) 4669:(father) 4657:Miracles 4607:Birthday 4524:Glossary 4497:Buddhism 3595:29 March 3565:cite web 3236:(2013). 3099:cite web 3061:nyon-yid 2990:cite web 2945:rang-rig 2821:nyon-yid 2685:dbang-po 2531:རྣམ་ཤེས་ 2312:See also 2277:(大乘起信論, 2239:Plotinus 2166:vijnapti 2073:vijnapti 1922:bhavaṅga 1869:prapañca 1831:nāmarūpa 1729:Yogācāra 1723:Yogācāra 1715:school ( 1705:bhavaṅga 1543:Yogācāra 1451:Yogācāra 1228:Hearing 1119:Tipitaka 1072:Type of 1052:Sanskrit 958:Yogācāra 908:Yogācāra 876:Yogācāra 814:Maitreya 809:Yogācāra 796:རྣམ་ཤེས་ 701:Buddhism 698:Mahayana 694:Yogācāra 609:Thailand 569:Mongolia 564:Malaysia 529:Cambodia 494:Navayana 474:Hinayana 469:Mahāyāna 379:Lay life 209:Morality 189:Not-self 147:Concepts 106:Councils 91:Timeline 63:Glossary 45:Buddhism 37:a series 35:Part of 7087:Temples 7067:Buddhas 7029:Science 7019:Judaism 7014:Jainism 6932:Lineage 6892:Abhijñā 6862:Thangka 6805:Sarnath 6790:Lumbini 6711:Funeral 6706:Cuisine 6582:Culture 6557:Reality 6507:Creator 6497:Atomism 6367:History 6340:Ukraine 6300:Germany 6219:Senegal 6209:Vietnam 6137:Myanmar 5937:Shinran 5927:Karmapa 5902:Shandao 5872:Dignāga 5797:Śrāvaka 5777:Donchee 5772:Kappiya 5730:Sayadaw 5700:Bhikkhu 5675:Anāgāmi 5632:Nirvana 5598:Samadhi 5485:Paritta 5426:Tonglen 5421:Mandala 5376:Smarana 5357:Mantras 5305:Upekkha 5275:Bhavana 5225:Shingon 5178:Tiantai 5031:Tathātā 5021:Śūnyatā 5016:Skandha 5006:Saṃsāra 5001:Rebirth 4976:Kleshas 4966:Indriya 4868:Subhūti 4753:Guanyin 4707:Ānanda 4699:Rāhula 4579:Nirvana 4519:Outline 4334:Sources 2937:རང་རིག་ 2933:Tibetan 2897:Tibetan 2891:vijñāna 2844:Tibetan 2809:Tibetan 2785:Tibetan 2778:anumana 2750:Tibetan 2719:Tibetan 2677:དབང་པོ་ 2673:Tibetan 2668:indriya 2654:shes-pa 2642:Tibetan 2618:Tibetan 2587:Tibetan 2558:Tibetan 2527:Tibetan 2523:vijñāna 2498:Tibetan 2452:Huineng 2227:Fǎxiàng 2186:vijñāna 2154:concept 2150:concept 2148:, the " 2134:anatman 2077:vijnana 2063:Taking 1989:prakṛti 1856:upādāna 1835:rebirth 1786:vijñāna 1674:anusayā 1627:bhājana 1581:Tibetan 1489:Tibetan 1397:Tibetan 1348:Tibetan 1329:Tongue 1299:Tibetan 1250:Tibetan 1201:Tibetan 1179:Seeing 1152:Tibetan 1121:in the 1113:of the 1111:Nikāyas 1062:Chinese 1057:Tibetan 1047:English 995:Tibetan 991:vijñāna 852:Kangyur 792:Tibetan 785:vijñāna 741:rebirth 726:vāsanāḥ 707:), the 619:Vietnam 574:Myanmar 489:Tibetan 479:Chinese 407:Nirvāṇa 224:Saṃsāra 219:Rebirth 84:History 73:Outline 7082:Sutras 7077:Suttas 6942:Siddhi 6927:Koliya 6902:Brahmā 6817:Poetry 6763:Mantra 6753:Kasaya 6625:Pagoda 6605:Kyaung 6600:Vihāra 6595:Temple 6537:Ethics 6380:Ashoka 6330:Sweden 6325:Poland 6320:Norway 6310:Mexico 6295:France 6280:Canada 6275:Brazil 6214:Africa 6194:Taiwan 6157:Russia 6082:Bhutan 6042:Vinaya 5922:Naropa 5912:Saraha 5847:Asanga 5603:Prajñā 5512:Refuge 5475:Nianfo 5436:Tertön 5431:Tantra 5416:Ganana 5406:Tukdam 5332:Dhyāna 5300:Mudita 5295:Karuṇā 5188:Risshū 5183:Huayan 5116:Naraka 5056:Anattā 5051:Dukkha 5046:Anicca 4951:Dharma 4903:Channa 4838:Ānanda 4823:Assaji 4790:Skanda 4693:(wife) 4662:Family 4642:Relics 4567:Sangha 4562:Dharma 4557:Buddha 4433:, and 4240: 4213: 3551:4 June 3244: 3152: 3082:sa-bon 3053:ngo-bo 3044:4 June 2837:klesha 2646:ཤེས་པ་ 2622:གཟུགས་ 2553:anitya 2462:, and 2406:world. 2374:such". 2271:Wonhyo 2231:Huayan 2184:, and 2126:manana 2069:manana 2065:vipaka 2031:śuddha 1898:Asanga 1862:vāsanā 1756:Asaṅga 1682:kleśāḥ 1678:kilesā 1550:VIII. 1375:Touch 1326:Taste 1277:Smell 1107:schema 1080:Sensor 1068:Object 929:Atisha 820:, and 818:Asaṅga 688:(Skt. 604:Taiwan 584:Russia 524:Brazil 519:Bhutan 439:Buddha 359:Wisdom 142:Dharma 7054:Lists 6922:Kalpa 6917:Iddhi 6780:Music 6775:Mudra 6741:Vassa 6721:Vesak 6691:Budai 6637:Candi 6620:Stupa 6552:Logic 6305:Italy 6204:Tibet 6142:Nepal 6112:Korea 6107:Japan 6097:India 6092:China 6037:Sutra 5992:Texts 5942:Dōgen 5932:Hōnen 5917:Atiśa 5882:Zhiyi 5792:Achar 5760:Tulku 5755:Geshe 5740:Rōshi 5725:Ajahn 5680:Arhat 5640:Bodhi 5610:Vīrya 5527:Sacca 5522:Satya 5517:Sādhu 5505:Music 5448:Merit 5441:Terma 5401:Zazen 5337:Faith 5290:Mettā 4971:Karma 4931:Bardo 4898:Asita 4888:Khema 4878:Upāli 4863:Nanda 4701:(son) 4675:Māyā 4652:Films 4529:Index 4431:alaya 4421:with 4411:alaya 2949:Gelug 2941:Wylie 2905:Wylie 2883:ālaya 2852:Wylie 2817:Wylie 2793:Wylie 2758:Wylie 2727:Wylie 2681:Wylie 2650:Wylie 2630:gzugs 2626:Wylie 2595:Wylie 2566:Wylie 2535:Wylie 2506:Wylie 2464:Xuyun 2371:alaya 2349:Notes 2307:mind. 2300:alaya 2292:alaya 2257:Korea 2203:China 2182:manas 2178:citta 2138:alaya 2105:alaya 2097:ālāya 2035:ātman 2027:ātman 2023:sukha 2019:nitya 1983:ātman 1958:Arhat 1635:Mind 1616:, or 1589:Wylie 1532:This 1529:VIII. 1523:Mind 1518:kleśa 1497:Wylie 1466:manas 1458:VII. 1436:This 1427:Mind 1405:Wylie 1378:Body 1356:Wylie 1307:Wylie 1280:Nose 1258:Wylie 1236:III. 1231:Ears 1209:Wylie 1182:Eyes 1160:Wylie 1003:Wylie 933:Kadam 921:Gelug 839:karma 800:Wylie 737:karma 614:Tibet 554:Korea 549:Japan 539:India 534:China 499:Newar 424:Arhat 214:Karma 68:Index 6952:Pāḷi 6937:Māra 6847:Flag 6248:Iran 6172:Tuva 6117:Laos 5745:Lama 5593:Śīla 5561:Śīla 5549:Pīti 5539:Sati 5490:Puja 5411:Koan 5317:Dāna 4908:Yasa 4795:Tārā 4417:and 4323:2008 4292:2011 4238:ISBN 4211:ISBN 4065:2016 3824:2013 3768:2013 3710:2013 3684:2013 3658:2013 3597:2018 3571:link 3553:2016 3527:2013 3504:link 3463:2013 3437:2013 3410:2013 3383:2013 3356:2013 3329:2013 3303:2013 3276:2013 3242:ISBN 3217:2013 3190:link 3183:help 3163:2013 3150:ISBN 3105:link 3046:2016 2996:link 2955:and 2914:阿賴耶識 2613:rupa 2510:ming 2502:མིང་ 2493:nama 2261:The 2245:Chán 2229:and 2071:and 2015:self 1935:bīja 1841:Role 1827:rūpa 1823:nāma 1819:bīja 1694:bīja 1613:阿賴耶識 1433:VII. 1383:VI. 1285:IV. 1187:II. 1026:Name 976:aṣṭa 881:C.E. 865:The 828:and 732:bīja 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