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September 1927, when the matter was brought before the League of
Nations, until the beginning of 1930, when the Hague Conference, which finally decided the matter, began, this question formed the backbone of his foreign policy work. It was an almost uninterrupted battle against the tactics of the League of Nations, the bias of Neville Chamberlain, the ideology of the victors and the Balkan methods of Nicolae Titulescu, in which he brilliantly used his legal training and legal acumen, which had been little in evidence in his career, and his diplomatic flair, which on more than one occasion saved situations that had seemed lost. If Bethlen managed to achieve often criticised but nevertheless satisfactory results in The Hague and Paris on this issue, it was largely due to his own achievements. This struggle for law and justice was most eloquently appreciated by Hungarian lawyers when, on 29 November 1929, Apponyi, 'the great lawyer of the nation', was elected a member of the Budapest Bar Association with great ceremony.
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statement on the king question, after the opening of the
National Assembly in 1927. He then outlined the relationship of legitimacy to national kingship, saying that the advocates of legitimate kingship were in the public position laid down in the late King Charles' former proclamation. In this proclamation, addressed to the nation after the King's first attempt to return to power, the following basic statements were made: 'the provisions of the pragmatica sanctio concerning common possession and mutual defence have been rendered null and void, and therefore the King will never use the military and financial power of Hungary to assert his claims on other countries; if divine providence should ordain that he should rule over other countries, this circumstance will never in the least affect the independence of Hungary as a state, either from the military or from the foreign policy point of view. "
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military programme, calling for the implementation of the so-called national concessions, but he agreed to postpone the issue until the new law on defence was implemented. For this reason, he did not approve of the
Independence Party's obstruction of the recruitment bill, but as president he conducted the House's often stormy negotiations objectively and urged the delegations that came to see him to maintain their confidence in Parliament. After Széll's resignation on 1 July 1903, in order to stop the obstruction, he resigned his presidency and made a speech in favour of parliamentary peace, but the obstruction continued until Khuen-Hédervåry's second resignation, and when the Libertarian Party had to take a stand on military issues, Apponyi became a member of the Committee of Nine sent to draw up the party's new military programme.
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as elections were based on the principle of public voting. Also in the electoral law debate (24 May 1925), he argued, among other things, that 'either we accept secret ballot or we do not want the real will of the electorate to be expressed', and he argued that he saw a great and disheartening decline in the middle classes compared with the spirit of the pre-1948 era. He also made a major speech (18 March 1926) on the Franco controversy. This speech was an almost classic example of the objectivity that is so much obliged on political opponents. He stated that the House could not decide on the question of political responsibility until the court had delivered its verdict in the forgers' trial. His position on constitutional law was best expressed in his speech in the debate on the Upper House Bill.
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American statesmen, teachers, businessmen and industrialists tried to keep the United States interested in Europe and remind it of its responsibility for the destiny of humanity. For this reason, it was also considered necessary to make the
American public aware of the situation in Central Europe, and Apponyi was invited to lecture on this subject. He spoke in New York, Chicago and many other cities in the US and Canada. He lectured on the problem of Central Europe, but he also presented the Hungarian question very forcefully, with the persuasive force of the truth he represented, leaving a deep impression on public opinion with his engaging lectures. His journey was a real triumph. By this journey, as by many others, he contributed greatly to improving the world's opinion of Hungary.
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together with the tragedy that had taken place in the space of a few days, had a shattering effect on
Apponyi, and there was talk in political circles at the time that he would resign his mandate and retire from public life under the impact of the events. But this did not happen: on the contrary, he opposed the dethronement proposal with all his energy, and in his speech to the National Assembly on 3 November he vehemently protested against the King's surrender to the enemy. At the end of his speech, he read out the declaration of the legitimists that the dethronement proposal constituted a break with the ancient constitution and was legally invalid. After the declaration was read out, Apponyi left the chamber with the Legitimist MEPs.
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elections could be held only on the basis of the
Friedrich electoral law. On 16 February, during the last session of the National Assembly, he took the petition and its proposal to the Governor, accompanied by Baron József Szterényi and Tivadar Homonnay, who declared before the three of them that he would neither commit nor tolerate any illegality. The National Assembly was dissolved on 16 February, and the opposition's Constitutional Defence Committee, which had been formed that day, elected Apponyi as its president. He took part in the election campaign with a vigour unusual for his age, speaking in six places in a single day, all with great success. He was himself re-elected by his old, loyal district of Jåszberény.
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interruption. He won his first mandate in the district of
Szentendre as a member of the platform of Ferenc DeĂĄk. "Everyone greeted me with a certain curiosity", he writes in his memoirs of his first appearance in the House of Representatives, "but few with sympathy. The left considered me the offspring of the conservatives, the liberal DeĂĄk supporters saw me as the representative of an ultramontane action'. Curiosity was soon replaced by warm interest, however, because his oratory skills were a sensation from the very first time he spoke (in the detailed debate on the 1873 budget, he spoke in favour of the establishment of a National Academy of Music).
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the phrase which has become a byword, that just as the unknown soldier, so the unknown
Hungarian taxpayer, by his heroic sacrifice, has earned the recognition of the League of Nations. He then presented his motion on the question of minorities, the essential content of which was that the complaints of minorities in church and school matters should be heard compulsorily, and in accordance with the rules of adversarial procedure, that the expert opinion of the Permanent International Tribunal should be obtained in all such cases, and that the autonomy of the large number of minorities living in one place should be achieved.
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welcome speech by IstvĂĄn
Rakovszky, then Speaker of the House, and Apponyi's magnificent words of thanks. On the following day, in the St. Stephen's Basilica and in the Pesti VigadĂł, Governor MiklĂłs Horthy, the capital, the army and the entire public of the country celebrated the "greatest living Hungarian", who thanked the unanticipated and unlooked-for celebration with noble simplicity and wonderful modesty. On the occasion of the celebration, the capital city of Budapest elected him an honorary citizen and erected a commemorative plaque in the square named after him â today Ferenciek Square.
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majority, which were aimed at violently breaking down the obstruction. On 26 November, he therefore left the party, having already resigned the presidency on 3 November. He was followed by members of the former
National Party, with whom he has now re-formed the National Party. This party was sixty-seven strong, but it was particularly close to the Independence Party on the military question and agreed with the Independence Party on the question of the house rule revision planned by IstvĂĄn Tisza, which brought the house rule revision into line with a substantial extension of the right to vote.
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758:, he completely withdrew from public life, and after the proclamation of Hungarian Soviet Republic , he was forced to flee from Hungary. The Reds did not allow him to leave the capital by rail: he fled by carriage and hid for a time in FejĂ©r County and other parts of the Danube region, until he finally managed with great difficulty to cross the Danube to his estate in Ăberhard. He lived there even after the collapse of the Communist Party and only returned home in November 1919, when his presence was indispensable in the unfolding negotiations initiated by Sir George Clark of the
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compensation, and the Hungarian government protested against this to the League of Nations. On behalf of the government, Apponyi then presented the Hungarian position in a powerful exposé, and proposed that the matter be referred to the Permanent International Tribunal in The Hague. The council, however, postponed the resolution of the question and the serious and complicated problem it raised. The question, which from then on was known as the "Optånsperper" in the national and world public opinion, later, especially from 1927 onwards, gave rise to great complications.
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when Apponyi's fight against BĂĄnffy began again, as the government resorted to all means of violence and corruption in the general elections of that year. Apponyi was merciless in his scourging of abuses and public corruption in the newspapers, and then turned against him over the so-called 'Ischl clause'. However, he still did not participate in the resulting parliamentary filibuster, because he considered it "medicina pejor morbo" (medicine is worse than death). The fight ultimately led to BĂĄnffy's downfall.
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chairmanship of a committee. Apponyi's prestige and popularity in international politics now rivalled that of the best-known and greatest foreign statesmen. The great respect in which he and, through him, Hungary were held by the League of Nations is best shown by the fact that when the Union of League of Nations held its General Assembly in Budapest in May 1931, the opening session of the Congress on 26 May, on the occasion of his approaching 85th birthday, was devoted almost entirely to his celebration.
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minority question in an unsatisfactory manner, and then went on to say that this was precisely why minorities should be given the right to submit their complaints directly to the council, which should be obliged to refer all cases to the Permanent International Tribunal. On the question of disarmament, he said that general disarmament was a prerequisite for the disarmament of the vanquished States, and that a fully disarmed Hungary had the right to demand the fulfilment of this condition.
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crowned." He stated on several occasions, including in Körmend on 21 June 1925, that the principle of the continuity of law is expressed first and foremost in the adherence to the legitimate kingdom, that is, in the cult of the ancient constitution, from which loyalty to the king is an integral part of our historical traditions and living legal consciousness, and that the restoration of the legitimate kingdom is the best, and perhaps the only, chance for Hungarian democracy.
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yet in government. Attempts to mediate with the king were fruitless. The Fejérvåry government came to power and the serious internal political crisis was complete. Finally, on 23 September, the king invited the leaders of the allied opposition, including Apponyi, who was the leader of the national resistance and who, in order to counteract the plans of József Kristóffy, Minister of the Interior, advocated a broad extension of suffrage.
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memorable Perczel handkerchief vote. The fight went on. Apponyi joined the alliance of opposition parties (allied opposition) and the government hired bits and pieces to defend the lex Daniel (new house rules). The final big confrontation followed: on 13 December, the opposition beat up the bits and smashed up the Chamber. IstvĂĄn Tisza responded by dissolving the House, although the next year's budget had not yet been voted.
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479:'s departure. His party took the name of the National Party in October 1892, and remained under that name until February 1900, when it merged with the Libertarian Party. In 1889, he led all opposition parties in the debate on the development of the memorable army, demanding the assertion of the national rights guaranteed by the Compromise. This struggle broke the fifteen-year reign of Prime Minister
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speech in Jåszberény on 20 October 1921, the fact that he could not identify with the government or with the opposition, whose right to overthrow the government he said he could only recognise if he was able to take responsibility for it. He made a number of eye-catching speeches in the National Assembly, which, if his views did not prevail, always had a profound effect on the members of the House.
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Hungarian. He was the keynote speaker of the Hungarian group at the Inter-Parliamentary Union conferences and represented his country on many important issues with much success. He has also written extensively in foreign reviews and newspapers in the past, explaining Hungary's special position in the monarchy, arguing and promoting its rights and aspirations.
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of the total number of pupils in a school, Hungarian education had to be provided. However, in case the total number of pupils whose mother tongue was Hungarian exceeded 50%, the language of all education had to be changed to Hungarian with the proviso that education to pupils with non-Hungarian mother tongues could still be provided.
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particularly influenced by Count Charles de Montalembert. It was at his house that he met Pierre Guillaume Frédéric Le Play, the famous conservative sociologist whose work was to have a major influence on his intellectual development. Despite he owned a villa in London, he mostly spent time with the British royal family in the
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wanted to invite the conference to be held the following year to Budapest, and a great battle was expected to develop around this invitation. The Hungarian delegation succeeded brilliantly: Budapest was accepted as the venue for the next conference by a majority of votes, with only five votes against.
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He also continued to fight for Hungary as the Hungarian government's chief delegate in Geneva. His two speeches at the Assembly of the League of Nations at this time are particularly noteworthy. One was delivered on 10 September 1929, when, pointing out the absurdity and untenability of the Treaty of
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Apponyi, however, could not rest in the ninth decade of his life: a new great task awaited him, and he took up it with great enthusiasm. For three years he represented Hungary before the League of Nations in the optants' case, which had long been a matter of world and national public opinion. From 19
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His position in favour of the Reconstruction proposals on 15 April 1924 and his major speech against the revision of the House rules on 3 December of the same year are memorable. In the latter speech, he declared that the majority could not be recognised as representative of the national will as long
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Charles IV's appearance in Hungary on 20 October was unexpected for Apponyi, who was not privy to the King's intentions. He did not meet with him until 1 November in Tihany, where he travelled with Count Miklós Szécsen, former ambassador to the Vatican, with the government's permission. This meeting,
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The Treuga Dei lasted until 1916. At that time the opposition, seeing the great mistakes that had been made in the conduct of foreign affairs and military affairs, demanded that it should be allowed greater influence in the conduct of these affairs. The king and the government acceded to this demand,
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Eventually, the law prescribed the teaching of Hungarian in all schools without Hungarian education, whether the pupils' mother tongue was Hungarian or not, ignoring parents' claims that Hungarian education could be provided privately. If the number of pupils with Hungarian-mother tongue reached 20%
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followed. Apponyi came to an agreement with Széll and joined the Libertarian Party with his party. Shortly afterwards, the 1901 Diet elected him president, and in the same year he became a de facto internal privy councillor to the king. Before the 1903 recruitment bill was discussed, he presented his
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After the retirement of Baron PĂĄl Sennyey (1878), when his conservative party, DezsĆ SzilĂĄgyi's extraordinary party group and the Independent Libertarian Party merged to form the united (moderate) opposition ("the mortar party", as Gyula Verhovay called it), he joined it, and his abilities made him a
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Beyond his talent as an orator and fluency in six languages, Albert Apponyi had wide-ranging interests outside politics, encompassing philosophy, literature, and especially music and religion, namely Roman Catholicism. He visited the United States three times, first in 1904 and last in 1924, where he
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On his travels abroad he was always and everywhere received with the respect due to him, even in official circles, and on such occasions he was often able to render valuable services to his country, as on 5 October 1929, when he gave a lecture on the situation of Hungary at the Diplomatic Academy in
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Finally, he proposed that the League of Nations should immediately begin preparations for a general disarmament conference. Apponyi's speech had an extraordinary impact. There was a clear perception among the members of the Conference and the international press present that Apponyi's speech was one
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He made a major speech at the General Assembly of the League of Nations in the autumn of 1925, during the negotiation of the Security Pact. In his introduction, he recalled the great merits of the League of Nations High Commissioner Smith in the field of Hungarian reconstruction, and then he uttered
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World War, the opposition and the government were at their fiercest. Apponyi was again the one who initiated the reconciliation of the parties, so that by breaking down the partitions, the whole public opinion would stand united behind the government in the struggle that was forced upon the country.
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On the occasion of his eightieth birthday, the National Assembly wanted to give him a big celebration, but he refused with grateful thanks. But the country still showered him with a thousand testimonies of its love, affection and gratitude. His American admirers presented him with a gold medal, and
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He was particularly successful in America: his speeches there evoked the memory of Lajos Kossuth in American public opinion. In the autumn of 1923 he travelled to the United States at the invitation of American universities; he left on 19 September and returned on 10 December. At that time, several
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In May 1921, he celebrated his seventy-fifth birthday, and with it the fiftieth anniversary of his public life. On this day of his life, he was the subject of an overflowing celebration. The National Assembly devoted its sitting of 27 May to him, and two speeches were made on that occasion alone: a
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He had been a strong participant in the unfolding negotiations for the formation of a government of concentration, and had already appeared to be forming the new government, when this combination was thwarted at the last moment by opposition to Christian-National unification. On 18 November, at the
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On 8 April 1906, the so-called pact between the Crown and the allied opposition was finally reached, by ruling out the military question, and Apponyi took over the cultural ministry in the Second Wekerle Government, appointed on 9 April under the presidency of SĂĄndor Wekerle. His party alone won an
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He was the early president of the second National Assembly, but did not attend the opening ceremony (7 June 1922) because of his public concerns. At the beginning of his term he took a very reserved position and rarely spoke out. The reason for this was his political isolation and, as he said in a
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He was now leading the Kossuth Party in the opposition struggles, which, given the government's means at the time, certainly did not lead to breathtaking scenes in the House of Representatives. After the death of Ferenc Kossuth in 1914, he became the party's president. At the outbreak of the First
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Apponyi, thoroughly disillusioned with the politics of the 60 weeks, joined the Independence Party at the end of the year. He led the 1904/1905 winter election campaign, which ended in a resounding victory for the opposition (26 January 1905). The opposition had thus become a majority, but was not
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Apponyi was now the leader of the opposition in the struggle against the revision of the constitution, and on 18 November 1904 he declared on behalf of the whole opposition that he would never recognise the validity of the revision forced by the majority. This was followed that same evening by the
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Towards the end of the year the opposition, led by Apponyi, was again at war with the government. Apponyi was so taken by the idea of the upcoming millenary celebrations that on Christmas Day he proclaimed a "treuga Dei" in his party's organ, the National Newspaper. However, 1896 had not yet ended
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His domestic political statements outside the National Assembly mainly revolved around the question about the person of the king. From the very beginning, he was of the opinion that "there is no question of a king, because Hungary has a legitimate king who is prevented by force majeure from being
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In the general elections of 1875 â the terms of the Parliament were then still three years â he lost the elections in three places: in KĆszeg, in a district of BaÄka and in an OlĂĄh district of Transylvania, as you write: he failed in the elections, if not from the Carpathians to the Adriatic, but
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In the last session of the National Assembly, when the House was in a fever of suffrage and the complication seemed to be beyond resolution, Apponyi proposed that the National Assembly should address a note to the Governor stating that, in the event of the failure to enact the electoral law, new
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It was in this year that Count Albert Apponyi first appeared in the Inter-Parliamentary Union. The conference was held in Brussels, and BĂĄnffy initiated the strong participation of the Hungarian parliament, because in connection with the upcoming millenary celebrations of the Hungarian state, he
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At the 1930 General Assembly of the League of Nations, moreover, he was honoured by the election of his wife as chairman of the Social Committee. This caused a sensation throughout the world at the time, because it was the first time that the General Assembly had elected a woman delegate to the
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On another occasion (Székesfehérvår, 6 June 1926), he stressed that the legitimists were not planning any action to make their principles a reality; the time for this would come only when it would be possible without endangering the existential interests of the nation. He made another important
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Apponyi was inclined towards the opposition: although he did not succeed in asserting his position, he remained in the Libertarian Party until it became clear that he could not realise his military demands in that party. His intention to leave was matured by the parallel meetings decided by the
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In the autumn of 1924, Apponyi was the head of the Hungarian delegation to the General Assembly of the League of Nations. At the meeting on 9 September he made a powerful speech on the minority problem and the question of disarmament. He stressed that the League of Nations was dealing with the
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This performance was widely acclaimed but remained eventually fruitless as the Allies refused to amend the terms of the peace treaty, or even to discuss them with the Hungarian delegation. Even so, Apponyi's reputation in Hungary was enhanced by the episode and he came close to being chosen as
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Representing Hungary in the League of Nations was by no means the end of Apponyi's foreign policy activities during this period. Abroad, he was known as Hungary's representative statesman and one of the world's greatest orators, as eloquent in English, French, Italian and German as he was in
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During the five years of the Second National Assembly and the years that followed, the focus of Apponyi's activities fell on foreign policy. On several occasions he represented Hungary and the government before the League of Nations and made a major contribution to improving Hungary's image.
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The fight in the Chamber of Deputies now revolved around the right to vote. Apponyi was one of the first to call for a democratic extension of suffrage after the great blood sacrifices made by the Hungarian people in the war. IstvĂĄn Tisza, the prime minister, refused to give in, but when the
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until 1863, after which he studied law in Pest and Vienna. After completing his studies, he spent a long period (1868 to 1870) abroad, as was customary at the time, mainly in Germany, England and France, where he was introduced to the royalist aristocracy. Among the French aristocrats he was
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In the name of the great principle so happily phrased by President Wilson, namely that no group of people, no population, may be transferred from one State to the other without being first consulted â as though they were a herd of cattle with no will of their own â in the name of this great
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Returning home from his travels abroad, he soon found himself in the thick of the political life of the time. In 1872, he was elected as a member of the Hungarian Parliament for the first time, and after that he was a member of the Hungarian legislature until his death, practically without
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In the House of Representatives, elected in the summer of 1931, he naturally took his seat again with a mandate from Jåszberény. This time, the town of Jåszberény, which he had represented in the House for 50 consecutive years, presented him with a letter of credentials engraved in gold.
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In July 1923, the issue of the former Hungarian landowners in Transylvania was on the agenda of the Council of the League of Nations. Romania, under the pretext of the Transylvanian "land reform", expropriated the lands of the Transylvanian landowners who had moved to Hungary without any
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and the opposition gave Apponyi, jr. Gyula AndrĂĄssy Jr. Rakovszky IstvĂĄn Jr. However, the then Foreign Minister, Baron IstvĂĄn BuriĂĄn, was so dismissive of the committee when it appeared in Vienna that all three resigned their mandates at an open session of the House of Representatives.
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for the first four years of education. The Hungarian Government claimed all citizens should be able to understand, speak and write in the state language at a basic level, being a necessity deserving of support. These laws caused various forms of resentment from the ethnic minorities.
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last inter-party conference held under Clark's chairmanship, KĂĄroly Ereky, the Minister of Public Food in the Friedrich government, said on behalf of that party that he would not support an Apponyi government. "At last an honest word!" â Apponyi replied and left the meeting.
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manuscript of Charles IV on suffrage appeared in April 1917, Tisza's position was shaken and he was soon forced to resign. Apponyi was Minister of Culture in the subsequent EsterhĂĄzy government and then in the third Wekerle government, which lasted two years during the war.
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A few weeks later, he was in Geneva, where he participated with much success in the conference of the Union of the League of Nations, held in early June. On that occasion, he visited King Charles IV in Hertenstein, who made him a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.
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The teachers got a grace period â 3â4 years â in order to learn the language. Schools which could not provide teachers able to deal with the Hungarian-language had to be closed. Approximately 600 Romanian villages were left without education as a result of the law.
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On the occasion of his 85th birthday, foreign politicians showered him with greetings in Hague, including Lord Rothermere, Austrian Chancellor Otto Ender, British Foreign Minister Henderson, Italian Foreign Minister Grandi and German Foreign Minister Curtius.
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principle, an axiom of good sense and public morals, we request and demand a plebiscite in those parts of Hungary which are now on the point of being severed from us. I declare that we are willing to bow to the decision of a plebiscite, whatever it should be.
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Trianon and citing a lifetime of experience, he warned the world's powers that "nothing is eternal in the political world", and the other on 20 September 1930, putting forward new perspectives and powerful arguments in defence of national minorities.
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After leading the Hungarian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference, he remained active in politics and diplomacy, as an opposition member of Parliament, legitimist advocate of the Habsburgs as Kings of Hungary, and regular representative at the
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Julianna (Budapest, 9 November 1903 â Paris, 17 January 1994); 1st husband: (1924, divorced: 1934) Count Ferenc PĂĄlffy (30 August 1898); 2nd husband: (1943, divorced: 1947) ElemĂ©r Klobusiczky (Debrecen, 20 August 1899 â Budapest, 25 February
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had to learn Hungarian separately in the aristocratic world of the time, Albert Apponyi grew up in a conservative Apponyi family with Hungarian as his mother tongue, but he mastered several Western European languages from an early age.
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engaged in lecture tours and befriended leading public figures, including Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft. He also visited Egypt twice, including in 1869 when he was invited to the inauguration of the Suez Canal.
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THE STRUGGLE FOR A JUST PEACE â SPEECH DELIVERED BY COUNT ALBERT APPONYI, PRESIDENT OF THE HUNGARIAN DELEGATION TO THE PEACE CONFERENCE IN PARIS, BEFORE THE SUPREME COUNCIL AT ITS SESSION ON 16 JANUARY, FULL SPEECH Link:
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Paris, and in May 1931, when he delivered a highly successful lecture on the situation of Hungary in Vienna. His reports on his travels appeared in the Budapest HĂrlap, Pester Lloyd and several major foreign newspapers.
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The Daily Telegraph describes how Apponyi fought the war, but could not decide who to side with in the battle between German and Slavic ambitions, and ended up choosing the Germans, so the Slavs confiscated most of his
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He considered his first political activity to be the role he once played alongside Ferenc DeĂĄk as a university student, when he was present as an Italian interpreter at a meeting with a delegation from Dalmatia.
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culminated. However, the incentives started in 1879, until then Hungarian had not been prescribed or even to be taught by any means. Reading, writing and counting in selected primary schools was introduced in
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house which Apponyi inhabited from 1901 or 1902 until his death, WerbĆczy (now TĂĄncsics MihĂĄly) street 17, honors his memory and that of his son György, a liberal politician who was arrested by the
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By the American and British media, he was often called as "The Grand Old Man of Central Europe". In Hungary he was named as "The Greatest Living Hungarian". His memory, however, is less positive in
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the United States itself greeted him by telegram. He spent his birthday in Gyöngyösapåti, where, after the Czechs had expropriated his ancestral estate in Eberhard, he founded a new family estate.
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made a short trip from Belgium to Geneva for the sole purpose to lay a wreath on his bier. The coffin was then taken to the railway station, from where it arrived in Budapest on Saturday morning.
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during his tour of Europe in 1910. Roosevelt described Apponyi as "an advanced Liberal in matters political but also in matters ecclesiastical" and "like an American Liberal of the best type."
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absolute majority (61.26%) in parliament in the elections of 11 April, which confirmed this, and together with his coalition partners won almost 87% of the seats.
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from the VĂĄg to the Olt, from the Danube to the Tisza. Only in 1877 was he elected â but this time unanimously â in the now vacant BobrĂł district in the county of
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MĂĄria Alexandrina (ĂberhĂĄrd, 29 May 1899 â Salzburg, 3 July 1967); marriage: Budapest, 29 June 1933 to Prince Karl de Rohan (9 January 1898 â 17 March 1975)
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of the most significant events of the session, yet his motion was not adopted by the relevant sub-committee to which he was referred for consideration.
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Count György II Alexander Apponyi (ĂberhĂĄrd, 30 June 1898 â SaarbrĂŒcken, West Germany, 7 August 1970), politician, member of the Parliament, journalist.
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Apponyi's death was widely mourned in the world press. The press in Europe and other continents covered the death of Albert Apponyi in detail:
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1045:. Delegates from the League of Nations were present at the funeral service. On behalf of Switzerland, the former President of the Republic,
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At five o'clock in the afternoon, the Parliament held a mourning session. The funeral service was conducted by Prince Primate Serédi.
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A serious and long crisis ensued, during which Franz Joseph sought Apponyi's opinion, and which ended with the appointment of Baron
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1208:, meaning Liberation Square, by the Communist authorities in 1953.) Many Hungarian cities and towns still have an Apponyi street (
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After World War I, Apponyi's most notable public office was his appointment in late 1919 to lead the Hungarian delegation to the
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As the minister of education of the conservative-led government from 1906 to 1910 he drafted the laws passed in 1907, known as
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on 16 January 1920, which he delivered in French, simultaneously translated himself into English, and concluded in Italian.
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He was the subject of national celebration on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday in May 1921, when he was made an
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1950:
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Aponyi tried to convince the decision makers about the importance of democratic referendums about the disputed borders:
267:; 29 May 1846 – 7 February 1933) was a Hungarian aristocrat and politician. He was a board member of the
1975:
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1955:
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Albert Apponyi died on 7 February 1933 in Geneva, Switzerland, where he had come to speak at the re-opening of the
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The American, Swiss and French newspapers, Petit Parisien and Figaro, also wrote about Apponyi with deep sympathy.
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assembled there to determine the terms of the peace treaty with Hungary, which subsequently became known as the
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1041:. On the orders of the Swiss Federal Council, his coffin was taken to St Joseph's Church and from there to
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1959:. Vol. 30 (12th ed.). London & New York: The EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Company. p. 163.
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In 1931 he started working on a collection of essays that was published in 1935 after his death as
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According to the Morning Post, Apponyi was the most popular campaigner against the peace treaties,
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A Brief Sketch of the Hungarian Constitution and of the Relations between Austria and Hungary
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is named after Albert Apponyi, who is said to have custom-ordered the collection's design.
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Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung puts him alongside Stresemann and Briand in terms of greatness,
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by Hungarian universities, scientists and political groups, but never became a laureate.
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became part of Hungary again, and his remains were reburied in the family chapel there.
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where it was (and still is) kept in the local museum. In 1938, however, following the
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Lectures on the Peace Problem and on the Constitutional Growth of Hungary: lectures
1139:
The Daily Mail, which described the deceased as the greatest statesman of our time,
1068:, then following a special act of parliament was buried on 14 February 1933 in the
58:
1637:"The visit of the most popular American of the day: Theodore Roosevelt in Hungary"
1971:
3000:
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1422:
Justice for Hungary: review and criticism of the effect of the Treaty of Trianon
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1136:
Manchester Guardian wrote an editorial on the death of the Hungarian statesman,
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1365:, New York: Austro-Hungarian Consulate-general. Co-authors: Albert Apponyi,
1442:
Count Albert György Apponyi de Nagy-Appony's ancestors in three generations
387:
President Roosevelt visited Count Apponyi in Eberhard on 17th of April 1910
1883:
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A bust of Albert Apponyi by sculptor GĂ©za MarĂłti was dedicated in 1939 in
1789:
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https://www.genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00089457&tree=LEO
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1938:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 226.
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1927:
1049:, paid his last respects. Such was his stature among survivors of the
431:
Count Albert Apponyi married to the women's rights activist Countess
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in 1872 and remained a member almost uninterrupted until his death.
1424:. 376 p. London: Longmans, Green (one of several contributors)
1155:
The Prager Tageblatt says that Albert Apponyi was a human monument,
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Apponyi's mission culminated in a speech to the negotiators at the
1310:
Parlamentarismusunk veszedelme, Ćszinte szĂł Apponyi Albert GrĂłfrĂłl
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1273:. In these, among other themes, he describes his encounters with
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Countess Klothilde Wilhelmine von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein
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Gróf nagyapponyi Apponyi Albert György Gyula Måria
1848:""GrĂłf Apponyi Albert" c. alkotĂĄs fotĂłi JĂĄszberĂ©ny telepĂŒlĂ©srĆl"
1415:
GrĂłf Apponyi Albert hĂ©t elĆadĂĄsa a magyar alkotmĂĄny fejlĆdĂ©sĂ©rĆl
1398:
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1319:(Esthetics and Politics, the Artist and the Statesmen), Budapest
2642:
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1830:"Fairfield 375: Neighborhoods still reflect Hungarians' legacy"
860:, a map used by Apponyi in his presentation on 16 January 1920.
3344:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1931â1935)
3339:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1926â1931)
3334:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1922â1926)
3329:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1920â1922)
3324:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1910â1918)
3319:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1906â1910)
3314:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1905â1906)
3309:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1901â1905)
3304:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1896â1901)
3299:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1892â1896)
3294:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1887â1892)
3289:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1884â1887)
3284:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1881â1884)
3279:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1878â1881)
3274:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1875â1878)
3269:
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1872â1875)
1809:"The Nomination Database for the Nobel Peace Prize, 1901-1956"
773:
546:
350:
due to his close friendship to Queen Victoria and Edward VII.
318:
dating back to the 13th century. His mother, Countess JĂșliane
837:
on account of it having been signed in the Grand Hall of the
1106:, whom Apponyi had met and admired, and the quasi-legendary
1181:
Between 1911 and 1932, he was five times nominated for the
883:
provisional head of state, a position that however went to
1192:
by numerous Hungarian cities and towns. This is also when
1756:
The Orange Files: Notes on Illiberal Democracy in Hungary
1483:
Countess Maria Karolina von Lodron-Laterano-Castelromano
1410:. Måsodik, åtnézett kiadås. 2 vols. Budapest, 1922, 1934.
1033:
A Message to America by Count Apponyi (1929) film footage
790:
563:
1724:. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Printing Company. p. 27.
1721:
The Roumanian Question: The Roumanians and their Lands
907:
Albert Apponyi on a visit in Berlin to meet president
257:
Albert György Gyula Måria Apponyi, Count of Nagyappony
1790:"ĂberhĂĄrd â The castle and chapel of Apponyi family"
1302:
Esthetics and Politics, the Artist and the Statesman
1220:) in his memory. There is also an Apponyi Street in
750:
KĂĄrolyi government and the Hungarian Soviet Republic
3264:
Speakers of the House of Representatives of Hungary
3185:
3169:
3153:
3092:
3039:
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2862:
2803:
2705:
2677:
2504:
2479:
2434:
2399:
2364:
2229:
2112:
1884:"Herend Porcelain â Beauty to be treasured forever"
1517:Countess JuliĂĄnna SztĂĄray de Nagy-MihĂĄly et SztĂĄra
242:
230:
220:
202:
185:
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106:
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1902:"Az Apponyi-håz: Ellenållok és a Kirålyné Otthona"
1733:
1731:
1565:Maria Elisabeth Johanna von Waldstein-Wartenberg
1086:Attendants at the state funeral included Regent
873:
843:
1400:Ătven Ă©v, ifjukorom--huszonöt Ă©v az ellenzĂ©ken
1142:The Times paid a very warm tribute to Apponyi,
1060:After transfer to Budapest, his body was left
322:(1820-1871) was also member of an equally old
2654:
2090:
1317:Aesthetika és politika, mƱvész és ållamférfiu
1133:Popolo d'Italia and other Italian newspapers,
395:He owned the family castle in Ăberhard, (now
78:Minister of Religion and Education of Hungary
8:
3349:Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
2106:Speakers of the National Assembly of Hungary
813:Albert Apponyi, top-hatted, in front of the
455:Count Albert Apponyi became a member of the
343:Jesuit institute in Calxburg (Lower Austria)
1540:MĂĄria Anna Eleonora EszterhĂĄzy de GalĂĄntha
435:in Vienna on 1 March 1897. Their children:
302:Albert Apponyi was born on 29 May 1846, in
3354:People of World War I from Austria-Hungary
2661:
2647:
2639:
2097:
2083:
2075:
1984:
1474:Count Antal György Apponyi de Nagy-Appony
1449:Count Albert György Apponyi de Nagy-Appony
1408:EmlĂ©kirataim. Ătven Ă©v Apponyi Albert grĂłf
1403:. Budapest: Pantheon irodalmi intézet r.-t
57:
46:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
399:), where he entertained guests including
1972:Newspaper clippings about Albert Apponyi
1544:
1531:MihĂĄly SztĂĄray de Nagy-MihĂĄly et SztĂĄra
1524:Albert SztĂĄray de Nagy-MihĂĄly et SztĂĄra
1519:
1512:
1499:Count Ferencz Zichy de Zich et Våsonkeö
1492:Countess Anna Zichy de Zich et Våsonkeö
1487:
1462:
1452:
1447:
1439:
1351:. Budapest: St. Stephen's Printing Press
1257:in March 1944 for his opposition to the
681:
627:
612:Leader of the Independence and '48 Party
3359:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
2003:Speaker of the House of Representatives
1866:"VĂĄrmegyei kĂ©pviselĆk â Apponyi Albert"
1672:; DuĆĄan KovĂĄÄ; Martin D. Brown (2011).
1577:
1508:Countess Maria Anna Kolowrat-Krakowsky
1114:) was brought from his constituency in
329:While other Hungarian aristocrats like
90:8 April 1906 â 17 January 1910
1300:. One of his earlier books was titled
1170:where his name is associated with the
38:Apponyi Albert György Gyula Måria
483:, and his fall soon followed (1890).
7:
3186:Minister of National/Human Resources
1467:Count György Apponyi de Nagy-Appony
1367:Ladislaus HengelmĂŒller von HengervĂĄr
284:knight of the Austrian Golden Fleece
18:Albert, Count Apponyi de Nagy-Appony
1429:The Memoirs of Count Albert Apponyi
1204:in his honor. (It was rechristened
2057:Minister of Religion and Education
2030:Minister of Religion and Education
1431:. The MacMillan Company, New York.
1356:Magyar közjog osztråk vilågitåsban
845:Albert Apponyi on 16 JANUAR, 1920
486:Tisza's successor, Prime Minister
379:BarabĂĄs Portrait of Albert Apponyi
125:15 June 1917 â 8 May 1918
25:
2670:Ministers of Education of Hungary
2220:
2212:
1942:
1549:Franziska KĂĄrolyi de NagykĂĄroly
777:
550:
1224:, a town that was home to many
320:SztĂĄray de NagymihĂĄly et SztĂĄra
314:at the time. He belonged to an
63:Apponyi in 1910 (photograph by
3259:Education ministers of Hungary
1678:. Cambridge University Press.
1382:The american peace and Hungary
433:Clotilde von Mensdorff-Pouilly
225:Clotilde von Mensdorff-Pouilly
1:
2480:Provisional National Assembly
1556:JĂłzsef KĂĄrolyi de NagykĂĄroly
1459:György Apponyi de Nagy-Appony
1259:persecution of Hungarian Jews
1066:Hungarian Parliament Building
310:, was the resident Hungarian
269:Hungarian Academy of Sciences
215:Party of Independence and '48
3170:Minister of Higher Education
1949:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922).
1752:"The Horthy Era (1920â1944)"
1750:Sean Lambert (15 May 2015).
1622:The Memoirs of Count Apponyi
1560:
1551:
1535:
1526:
1503:
1494:
1478:
1469:
1394:. London, New York, Budapest
1325:Apponyi Albert gróf beszédei
1271:The Memoirs of Count Apponyi
1039:World Disarmament Conference
831:Allied and Associated Powers
298:21 years old Albert Apponyi.
44:when mentioning individuals.
1976:20th Century Press Archives
1771:"Apponyi Albert emlékezete"
1699:Katus, LĂĄszlĂł (July 2015).
1562:Maternal Great-grandmother:
1553:Maternal Great-grandfather:
1537:Maternal Great-grandmother:
1528:Maternal Great-grandfather:
1505:Paternal Great-grandmother:
1496:Paternal Great-grandfather:
1480:Paternal Great-grandmother:
1471:Paternal Great-grandfather:
1375:Alexander Nuber von Pereked
1363:Austria-Hungary and the War
1228:in the early 20th century.
475:leader in this party after
3375:
1870:HĆSĂK VOLTAK MINDANNYIAN..
1788:ZoltĂĄn Bagyinszki (2020).
1602:. Skeffington. p. 12.
1196:, a major intersection in
590:, in which the process of
306:, where his father, Count
31:
3249:Hungarian Roman Catholics
2210:
2063:
2054:
2046:
2036:
2027:
2019:
2009:
2000:
1992:
1987:
1656:10.1556/HStud.28.2014.2.3
1635:Peterecz, ZoltĂĄn (2014).
1051:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
282:from 1921 to 1933, and a
250:
153:
118:
83:
72:
56:
2435:House of Representatives
2230:House of Representatives
1391:Hungarian foreign policy
1371:Konstantin Theodor Dumba
1253:and briefly deported to
1214:GrĂłf Apponyi Albert utca
1098:. A four-meter-diameter
1064:under the cupola of the
526:Leader of the opposition
40:. This article uses
32:The native form of this
3234:Politicians from Vienna
1956:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1935:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1929:"Apponyi, Albert"
1718:Stoica, Vasile (1919).
1620:Albert Apponyi (1935),
494:Advisor to Franz Joseph
341:He was educated at the
273:Saint Stephen's Academy
3254:DeĂĄk Party politicians
1222:Fairfield, Connecticut
1034:
961:
912:
880:
861:
850:
823:Paris Peace Conference
818:
770:Paris Peace Conference
760:British Foreign Office
746:
611:
428:
419:Portrait of his wife,
388:
380:
372:
368:The Apponyi Castle at
361:
299:
264:
1775:Honismereti Szövetség
1624:, New York: MacMillan
1546:Maternal Grandmother:
1521:Maternal Grandfather:
1489:Paternal Grandmother:
1464:Paternal Grandfather:
1281:, his audiences with
1216:) or Apponyi square (
1032:
959:
906:
855:
812:
754:During the regime of
744:
685:Multilingual schools
418:
386:
378:
367:
356:
297:
3154:Minister of Religion
3093:Ministers of Culture
1596:Paul Tabori (1939).
1226:Hungarian immigrants
1122:, his old domain at
1043:Notre-Dame in Geneva
457:Hungarian Parliament
316:ancient noble family
27:Hungarian politician
3041:Republic of Hungary
1675:Slovakia in History
1444:
1427:1935 (posthumous):
909:Paul von Hindenburg
631:Unilingual schools
411:Marriage and family
2707:Kingdom of Hungary
2679:Revolution of 1848
1988:Political offices
1966:The New York Times
1964:Albert Apponyi in
1794:Bagyinszki Galéria
1440:
1328:. 2 vols. Budapest
1120:First Vienna Award
1035:
962:
913:
862:
819:
789:. You can help by
747:
562:. You can help by
513:The government of
429:
401:Theodore Roosevelt
397:Malinovo, Slovakia
389:
381:
373:
362:
357:Apponyi Castle at
324:Hungarian nobility
300:
236:MĂĄria Alexandrina
213:, National Party,
42:Western name order
3244:Counts of Hungary
3211:
3210:
3110:G. LukĂĄcs (*1885)
2963:Communist Hungary
2931:Transition period
2839:
2826:G. LukĂĄcs (*1885)
2804:Transition period
2760:G. LukĂĄcs (*1865)
2636:
2635:
2589:
2509:
2505:National Assembly
2484:
2439:
2404:
2400:House of Magnates
2369:
2365:National Assembly
2234:
2117:
2113:House of Magnates
2073:
2072:
2064:Succeeded by
2037:Succeeded by
2010:Succeeded by
1951:"Apponyi, Albert"
1834:Fairfield Citizen
1644:Hungarian Studies
1569:
1568:
1341:Hungary of to-day
1298:Treaty of Trianon
1206:Felszabadulås tér
1183:Nobel Peace Prize
1096:Archbishop Serédi
1090:, Prime Minister
1055:Otto von Habsburg
1030:
960:Apponyi at Geneva
952:League of Nations
893:League of Nations
887:on 1 March 1920.
839:Palace of Trianon
835:Treaty of Trianon
807:
806:
734:
733:
680:
679:
580:
579:
348:Buckingham Palace
254:
253:
234:György Alexander
16:(Redirected from
3366:
2834:
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2507:
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2437:
2402:
2367:
2232:
2224:
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2115:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2076:
2061:1917–1918
2047:Preceded by
2034:1906–1910
2020:Preceded by
1993:Preceded by
1985:
1960:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1931:
1910:
1909:
1898:
1892:
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1880:
1874:
1873:
1862:
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1844:
1838:
1837:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1807:nobelprize.org.
1804:
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1726:
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1689:
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1632:
1626:
1625:
1617:
1604:
1603:
1599:The Real Hungary
1593:
1587:
1582:
1445:
1294:Benito Mussolini
1292:as well as with
1265:Works (selected)
1247:Buda Castle Hill
1245:A plaque on the
1240:Herend Porcelain
1238:A collection of
1190:honorary citizen
1104:Benito Mussolini
1078:Buda Castle Hill
1031:
1017:Death and legacy
802:
799:
781:
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817:, January 1920.
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787:needs expansion
772:
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737:Interwar Period
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560:needs expansion
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1924:Chisholm, Hugh
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65:Ferenc Veress
60:
55:
48:
43:
39:
35:
34:personal name
30:
19:
2789:
2769:
2556:Metzker Vass
2508:(since 1945)
2471:TasnĂĄdi Nagy
2315:
2144:MajlĂĄth, Jr.
2124:MajlĂĄth, Sr.
2055:
2028:
2001:
1965:
1954:
1933:
1908:. 2012â2014.
1905:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1802:
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1212:, sometimes
1210:Apponyi utca
1209:
1205:
1201:
1187:
1180:
1172:Apponyi laws
1171:
1161:
1128:
1102:was sent by
1092:Gyula Gömbös
1085:
1082:
1080:since 1902.
1059:
1036:
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866:Quai d'Orsay
863:
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844:
820:
815:Quai d'Orsay
795:
791:adding to it
786:
764:
753:
623:
619:
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606:
602:
587:
584:Apponyi laws
583:
581:
568:
564:adding to it
559:
537:
533:
529:
520:
515:Kålmån Széll
512:
508:
504:
500:DezsĆ BĂĄnffy
497:
485:
481:KĂĄlmĂĄn Tisza
473:
465:
461:
454:
430:
405:
394:
390:
340:
328:
301:
256:
255:
191:(1933-02-07)
143:Succeeded by
120:
108:Succeeded by
85:
37:
29:
3229:1933 deaths
3224:1846 births
3130:Rockenbauer
3049:AndrĂĄsfalvy
2882:Klebelsberg
2835:opposed by
2816:JuhĂĄsz Nagy
2483:(1944â1945)
2438:(1927â1945)
2403:(1927â1945)
2368:(1920â1927)
2261:SzentivĂĄnyi
2233:(1848â1918)
2129:Perényi (I)
2116:(1848â1918)
2067:JĂĄnos Zichy
1275:Franz Liszt
1218:Apponyi tér
1202:Apponyi tér
858:Carte Rouge
825:to present
588:Lex Apponyi
469:Ărva county
286:from 1921.
276: [
173:29 May 1846
148:JĂĄnos Zichy
131:Preceded by
96:Preceded by
3218:Categories
3177:Erdey-GrĂșz
2981:Erdey-GrĂșz
2953:Keresztury
2755:Berzeviczy
2672:since 1848
2386:Scitovszky
2336:Berzeviczy
2321:D. Perczel
2316:A. Apponyi
2311:D. Perczel
2276:B. Perczel
2134:G. Apponyi
2023:Gyula Tost
2007:1901â1903
1705:rubicon.hu
1572:References
1417:. Budapest
1385:. Budapest
1358:. Budapest
1335:. Budapest
1312:. Budapest
1255:Mauthausen
1233:Jåszberény
1116:Jåszberény
688:Hungarian
634:Hungarian
312:Chancellor
290:Early life
246:Politician
243:Profession
207:DeĂĄk Party
169:1846-05-29
101:Gyula Tost
3011:Polinszky
2948:G. Teleki
2922:Rakovszky
2902:P. Teleki
2892:KarafiĂĄth
2837:P. Teleki
2785:Jankovich
2745:L. Eötvös
2715:J. Eötvös
2692:BatthyĂĄny
2687:J. Eötvös
2576:Stadinger
2451:L. AlmĂĄsy
2416:Széchényi
2376:Rakovszky
2246:P. AlmĂĄsy
2184:Dessewffy
1852:KöztérKép
1436:Ancestors
798:June 2020
597:Hungarian
571:June 2020
261:Hungarian
121:In office
86:In office
3193:RĂ©thelyi
3161:JĂĄ. Vass
3074:PĂĄlinkĂĄs
2877:JĂł. Vass
2750:Wlassics
2496:Zsedényi
2411:Wlassics
2306:MadarĂĄsz
2301:SzilĂĄgyi
2266:Somssich
2241:PĂĄzmĂĄndy
2204:Wlassics
1344:. London
1198:Budapest
1164:Slovakia
1124:ĂberhĂĄrd
238:Julianna
231:Children
3120:Pozsgay
3069:Pokorni
3026:Czibere
3021:Köpeczi
3016:Pozsgay
2971:Ortutay
2943:SzĂĄlasi
2938:Rajniss
2864:Regency
2811:LovĂĄszy
2790:Apponyi
2775:Székely
2770:Apponyi
2730:Trefort
2697:HorvĂĄth
2623:Schmitt
2531:I. Nagy
2516:F. Nagy
2466:DarĂĄnyi
2446:Zsitvay
2391:Zsitvay
2251:PalĂłczy
2174:KĂĄrolyi
2154:Sennyey
2139:Sennyey
1978:of the
1974:in the
1906:UrbFace
1872:. 2012.
1854:. 2013.
1814:20 June
1514:Mother:
1454:Father:
1290:Pius XI
1286:Pius IX
1251:Gestapo
1168:Romania
911:, 1928.
827:Hungary
370:HĆgyĂ©sz
359:Lengyel
3203:KĂĄsler
3145:BozĂłki
3140:Hiller
3135:Görgey
3125:HĂĄmori
3105:Darvas
3084:Hiller
3079:Magyar
3064:Magyar
2991:KĂĄllai
2976:Darvas
2887:Ernszt
2872:Haller
2854:HuszĂĄr
2844:Garbai
2831:PogĂĄny
2735:Baross
2725:Pauler
2720:SzlĂĄvy
2618:Katona
2603:Z. GĂĄl
2598:Szabad
2581:SzƱrös
2571:SarlĂłs
2561:KĂĄllai
2541:Drahos
2491:VĂĄsĂĄry
2461:Kornis
2351:BeĆthy
2331:S. GĂĄl
2296:BĂĄnffy
2286:SzlĂĄvy
2281:Ghyczy
2256:Ghyczy
2194:JĂłsika
2164:SzlĂĄvy
1947:
1682:
1457:Count
1420:1928:
1413:1925:
1406:1922:
1397:1922:
1388:1921:
1379:1919:
1361:1915:
1354:1912:
1347:1911:
1338:1909:
1331:1908:
1322:1896:
1315:1895:
1308:1889:
673:11664
427:, 1897
304:Vienna
221:Spouse
196:Geneva
176:Vienna
3198:Balog
3115:OrbĂĄn
3100:RĂ©vai
3059:Fodor
3031:Glatz
2996:Benke
2986:KĂłnya
2917:Antal
2907:HĂłman
2897:HĂłman
2821:Kunfi
2795:Zichy
2780:Zichy
2740:CsĂĄky
2628:Kövér
2613:Szili
2593:Göncz
2586:Fodor
2551:RĂłnai
2546:Dögei
2526:SzabĂł
2521:Varga
2356:SzĂĄsz
2346:Tisza
2341:NĂĄvay
2326:Justh
2291:PĂ©chy
2271:BittĂł
2189:CsĂĄky
2179:CsĂĄky
1640:(PDF)
1283:Popes
1146:land,
1070:crypt
1053:that
730:1620
727:1598
717:2437
714:2287
704:1784
701:1455
676:3246
663:6052
660:7342
650:6355
647:5818
446:1986)
423:, by
280:]
3054:MĂĄdl
3006:Nagy
3001:Ilku
2849:Imre
2765:Tost
2608:Ăder
2566:AprĂł
2426:RĂĄtz
2381:GaĂĄl
2169:TĂłth
1816:2011
1680:ISBN
1288:and
1277:and
1174:and
1166:and
1094:and
856:The
723:1905
710:1880
697:1869
669:1905
656:1880
643:1869
326:.
186:Died
163:Born
2536:Olt
2159:Vay
1980:ZBW
1652:doi
1072:of
793:.
586:or
566:.
333:or
36:is
3220::
1953:.
1932:.
1904:.
1886:.
1868:.
1850:.
1832:.
1792:.
1773:.
1754:.
1730:^
1703:.
1648:28
1646:.
1642:.
1608:^
1373:,
1369:,
1304:.
1261:.
1178:.
1112:hu
895:.
841:.
278:hu
263::
209:,
178:,
2840:)
2833:(
2662:e
2655:t
2648:v
2588:)
2584:(
2098:e
2091:t
2084:v
1890:.
1818:.
1796:.
1777:.
1758:.
1688:.
1658:.
1654::
1110:(
800:)
796:(
573:)
569:(
259:(
171:)
167:(
67:)
20:)
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