1370:
wide confidence intervals or a lack of replication of results." It concluded that "the
Alexander Technique may improve short-term pain and disability in people with low back pain, but the longer-term effects remain uncertain. For all other clinical conditions, the effectiveness of the Alexander Technique was deemed to be uncertain, due to insufficient evidence." It also noted that "evidence for the safety of Alexander Technique was lacking, with most trials not reporting on this outcome." Subsequently, in 2017, the Australian government named the Alexander Technique as a practice that would not qualify for insurance subsidy, saying this step would "ensure taxpayer funds are expended appropriately and not directed to therapies lacking evidence".
1204:
speakers, people who work on computers, or those who are in frequent pain for other reasons. Instructors observe their students, and provide both verbal and gentle manual guidance to help students learn how to move with better poise and less strain. Sessions include chair work – often in front of a mirror – during which the instructor will guide the student while the student stands, sits and walks, learning to move efficiently while maintaining a comfortable relationship between the head, neck, and spine, and table work or
60:
2132:
1203:
The
Alexander Technique is most commonly taught in a series of private lessons which may last from 30 minutes to an hour. The number of lessons varies widely, depending on the student's needs and level of interest. Students are often performers, such as actors, dancers, musicians, athletes and public
1328:
who are experiencing balance or motor function problems should consider the
Alexander Technique along with disease-specific physiotherapy. There is limited evidence for chronic pain, stammering, and balance skills in older people. There was no good evidence of benefit for other conditions including
1369:
A 2015 review, conducted for the
Australian Department of Health in order to determine what services the Australian government should pay for, examined clinical trials published to date and found that "overall, the evidence was limited by the small number of participants in the intervention arms,
1365:
in 2014 focused on "the evidence for the effectiveness of AT sessions on musicians' performance, anxiety, respiratory function and posture" concluded that "evidence from RCTs and CTs suggests that AT sessions may improve performance anxiety in musicians. Effects on music performance, respiratory
1377:
last updated in 2021 stated: "Aetna considers the following alternative medicine interventions experimental and investigational because there is inadequate evidence in the peer-reviewed published medical literature of their effectiveness." The
Alexander Technique is included in that list.
1227:
While on a recital tour in New
Zealand (1895), Alexander came to believe in the wider significance of improved carriage for overall physical functioning, although evidence from his own publications appears to indicate it happened less systematically and over a long period of time.
1315:
says that advocates of the
Alexander Technique made claims for it that were not supported by evidence, but that there was evidence suggesting that it might help with chronic back or neck pain. According to the NHS, Alexander technique may be of benefit for people with
1608:
1615:
1284:
The
Alexander Technique is used as a therapy for stress-related chronic conditions. It does not attempt to cure the underlying cause, but to teach people how to avoid bad habits which might exacerbate their condition.
1355:
found that there is no good evidence that the
Alexander Technique is effective for treating asthma, and randomized clinical trials are needed in order to assess the effectiveness of this type of treatment approach.
1211:
In the United
Kingdom, there is no regulation for who can offer Alexander Technique services. Professional organisations do exist, however, typically offering three-year courses to people becoming instructors.
1224:, but he found he could overcome it by focusing on his discomfort and tension, and relaxing. Alexander also thought posture could be improved if a person became more conscious of their bodily movements.
1246:
classifies it as a "psychological and physical" complementary approach to health when used with mainstream methods. When used "in place of" conventional medicine, it is considered "alternative".
1167:
Proponents and teachers of the Alexander Technique believe the technique can address a variety of health conditions, but there is a lack of research to support the claims. As of 2021, the UK
1243:
1143:
1113:
1220:
The Alexander Technique is based on the personal observations of Frederick Matthias Alexander (1869–1955). Alexander's career as an actor was hampered by recurrent bouts of
1321:
1172:
507:
2105:
1262:, and stress symptoms largely improved during the time he used Alexander's advice to change his posture. In 1923, Dewey wrote the introduction to Alexander's
1106:
182:
227:
1812:
Moroz A, Cohler MH, Schulman RA (2011). "Chapter 21: Body Work and Movement Therapies". In Lennard TA, Walkowski S, Singla AK, Vivian DG (eds.).
2157:
1533:
Rootberg, Ruth (September 2007). Mandy Rees (ed.). "Voice and Gender and other contemporary issues in professional voice and speech training".
796:
1829:
1488:
1450:
1099:
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321:
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1238:
When considering how to classify the Alexander Technique in relation to mainstream medicine, some sources describe it as alternative and/or
751:
746:
597:
400:
1195:
have conducted reviews and concluded that there is insufficient evidence for the technique's health claims to warrant insurance coverage.
707:
84:
1936:
D'Antoni ML, Harvey PL, Fried MP (September 1995). "Alternative medicine: does it play a role in the management of voice disorders?".
1579:
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31:
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2167:
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237:
197:
43:
1764:
Jain, Sanjiv; Kristy Janssen; Sharon DeCelle (2004). "Alexander Technique and Feldenkrais method: A critical overview".
1131:
1007:
932:
912:
840:
786:
492:
1893:
Tengwall, Roger (1996). "A note on the influence of F. M. Alexander on the development of gestalt therapy".
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1205:
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257:
122:
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The Technique is used as an alternative treatment to improve both voice and posture for people in the
1157:
during public speaking. He credited his method with allowing him to pursue his passion for performing
1407:
1300:
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1135:
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779:
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977:
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502:
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296:
1231:
Alexander did not originally conceive of his technique as therapy, but it has become a form of
2162:
2078:
2027:
1976:
1953:
1918:
1910:
1877:
1853:
1825:
1791:
1744:
1609:"Review of the Australian Government Rebate on Natural Therapies for Private Health Insurance"
1575:
1484:
1446:
1392:
1387:
1352:
1325:
1317:
850:
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572:
477:
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363:
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1902:
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1273:
1035:
992:
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442:
405:
343:
311:
306:
279:
217:
187:
1292:. As of 1995 it was on the curriculum of prominent Western performing arts institutions.
2073:
2046:
2022:
1997:
1821:
1361:
1338:
1259:
1012:
885:
652:
637:
552:
472:
467:
1949:
1716:"Medical Clinical Policy Bulletin Number 0388: Complementary and Alternative Medicine"
1153:
Alexander began developing his technique's principles in the 1890s to address his own
2146:
1665:
1554:
1402:
1158:
947:
922:
830:
820:
632:
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462:
385:
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269:
157:
107:
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2013:
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537:
437:
432:
338:
333:
284:
247:
192:
177:
17:
1481:
F.M.: The Life of Frederick Matthias Alexander: Founder of the Alexander Technique
2047:"The Alexander Technique and musicians: a systematic review of controlled trials"
1738:
1569:
1242:, depending on whether it is used alone or with mainstream methods. The American
1269:
962:
880:
592:
517:
512:
452:
232:
202:
152:
147:
112:
59:
1258:
became impressed with the Alexander Technique after his headaches, neck pains,
1175:(NICE) cite evidence that the Alexander Technique may be helpful for long-term
1150:
approach to health when used "together with" mainstream conventional medicine.
1787:
1442:
1255:
1221:
1161:
1154:
1060:
557:
542:
532:
420:
167:
117:
2063:
1914:
1907:
10.1002/1520-6696(198101)17:1<126::AID-JHBS2300170113>3.0.CO;2-X
1180:
1176:
982:
942:
917:
622:
582:
447:
2082:
2031:
1795:
2131:
1957:
1922:
1435:
Alternative Medicine – A Critical Assessment of 150 Modalities
1342:
1334:
895:
803:
642:
96:
1690:
987:
905:
870:
860:
602:
1508:"Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health: What's In a Name?"
1330:
1075:
900:
855:
522:
1614:. Australian Government – Department of Health. Archived from
1685:
1683:
1276:, credited Alexander as an inspiration for his psychological work.
1374:
1188:
952:
927:
808:
358:
937:
791:
1299:, people tend to study the Alexander Technique for reasons of
1766:
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
1637:"Australian review finds no benefit to 17 natural therapies"
2098:"Homeopathy, naturopathy struck off private insurance list"
890:
1973:
Body learning: an introduction to the Alexander Technique
1571:
The Alexander Technique Resource Book: A Reference Guide
1244:
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
1144:
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
1975:(2nd Owl Book ed.). New York: Holt. pp. 3–4.
1850:
John Dewey and the high tide of American liberalism
2045:Klein, SD; Bayard, C; Wolf, U (24 October 2014).
1895:Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences
1322:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
1173:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
1874:Constructive Conscious Control of the Individual
1502:
1500:
1264:Constructive Conscious Control of the Individual
1146:classifies it as a "psychological and physical"
1142:causes a range of health problems. The American
1743:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 3–14.
1366:function and posture yet remain inconclusive."
1187:. Both the American health-insurance company
1107:
8:
1816:(3rd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 205–222.
1295:According to Alexander Technique instructor
2002:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1996:Dennis, JA; Cates, CJ (12 September 2012).
1852:. New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 187–188.
1668:. National Health Service. 6 September 2021
2051:BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
1737:McEvenue, Kelly; Rodenburg, Patsy (2002).
1362:BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
1183:, and that it could help people cope with
1114:
1100:
183:Association for Research and Enlightenment
38:
2072:
2062:
2021:
1777:
1324:(NICE) guidelines state that people with
1998:"Alexander technique for chronic asthma"
1710:
1708:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1568:Harer, John B.; Munden, Sharon (2008).
1474:
1472:
1470:
1425:
1423:
1419:
50:
1574:. Scarecrow Press. pp. xii–xiii.
1254:The American philosopher and educator
1807:
1805:
1740:The Actor and the Alexander Technique
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
30:For the Rex Orange County album, see
7:
1814:Pain Procedures in Clinical Practice
2108:from the original on 18 April 2021
1822:10.1016/B978-1-4160-3779-8.10021-1
25:
253:Chiropractic treatment techniques
2130:
1876:, E. P. Dutton & Co., 1923,
1056:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
58:
1691:"Parkinson's disease in adults"
1635:Gavura, S. (19 November 2015).
1193:Australian Department of Health
92:Alternative veterinary medicine
32:The Alexander Technique (album)
2102:Australian Journal of Pharmacy
2014:10.1002/14651858.CD000995.pub2
1547:10.1080/23268263.2007.10769755
1437:. Springer. pp. 153–154.
715:Water fluoridation controversy
671:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
1:
2158:Postural awareness techniques
1950:10.1016/s0892-1997(05)80239-5
1086:Wilson's temperature syndrome
1071:Multiple chemical sensitivity
198:Biological terrain assessment
1132:Frederick Matthias Alexander
1130:, named after its developer
27:Postural awareness technique
2096:Paola S (17 October 2017).
747:Alternative medical systems
376:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
142:Fringe medicine and science
2184:
757:Biologically based therapy
317:Dental amalgam controversy
29:
1971:Gelb, Michael J. (1995).
1788:10.1016/j.pmr.2004.04.005
1483:. London: Little, Brown.
1443:10.1007/978-3-030-12601-8
1398:Motor skill consolidation
381:Facilitated communication
2064:10.1186/1472-6882-14-414
1046:Candida hypersensitivity
228:Fake COVID-19 treatments
42:This article is part of
2153:Mind–body interventions
1837:(subscription required)
1535:Voice and Speech Review
1479:Bloch, Michael (2004).
1313:National Health Service
1169:National Health Service
1138:based on the idea that
720:COVID-19 misinformation
648:Young blood transfusion
528:Orthomolecular medicine
493:Mind–body interventions
163:Anthroposophic medicine
103:Rise of modern medicine
1641:Science-Based Medicine
1359:A review published in
752:Mind–body intervention
703:MMR vaccine and autism
693:Vaccine misinformation
588:Rapid prompting method
1901:(1). Wiley: 126–130.
1666:"Alexander Technique"
1206:physical manipulation
1081:Vertebral subluxation
1030:Alternative diagnoses
618:Thought Field Therapy
258:Vertebral subluxation
2168:Alternative medicine
2139:at Wikimedia Commons
1408:Psychomotor learning
1301:personal development
1274:Gestalt therapy
1233:alternative medicine
1051:Chronic Lyme disease
780:Traditional medicine
762:Manipulative methods
563:Postural Integration
426:Bach flower remedies
302:Craniosacral therapy
130:Therapeutic nihilism
75:Alternative medicine
52:Alternative medicine
2137:Alexander Technique
1848:Ryan, Alan (1997).
1607:Baggoley C (2015).
1343:difficulty sleeping
1185:Parkinson's disease
1136:alternative therapy
1134:(1869–1955), is an
1128:Alexander Technique
698:Vaccines and autism
688:Anti-vaccinationism
681:OPV AIDS hypothesis
483:Megavitamin therapy
396:Functional medicine
173:Applied kinesiology
69:General information
18:Alexander technique
1179:and for long-term
1066:Leaky gut syndrome
1041:Aerotoxic syndrome
978:Prophetic medicine
676:HIV/AIDS denialism
503:Myofascial release
411:Holistic dentistry
391:Feldenkrais Method
371:Estrogen dominance
297:Conversion therapy
2135:Media related to
1872:F. M. Alexander,
1831:978-1-4160-3779-8
1490:978-0-316-86048-2
1452:978-3-030-12600-1
1393:George E. Coghill
1388:Nikolai Bernstein
1353:systematic review
1326:Parkinson disease
1318:Parkinson disease
1272:, who originated
1124:
1123:
851:Chinese herbology
608:Scientific racism
573:Psychodermatology
478:Medical intuitive
458:Lightning Process
416:Hologram bracelet
364:Therapeutic touch
265:Christian Science
238:Cancer treatments
16:(Redirected from
2175:
2134:
2118:
2117:
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2093:
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1728:
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1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1687:
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1677:
1675:
1673:
1662:
1647:
1644:
1633:Lay summary in:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1613:
1604:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1476:
1465:
1464:
1427:
1116:
1109:
1102:
866:Gill plate trade
628:Vaginal steaming
275:Colloidal silver
243:Charcoal cleanse
62:
39:
21:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2143:
2142:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2008:(9): CD000995.
1995:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1935:
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1930:
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1887:
1871:
1867:
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1847:
1846:
1842:
1836:
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1811:
1810:
1803:
1779:10.1.1.611.4183
1763:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1706:
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1694:
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1671:
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1664:
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1634:
1624:
1622:
1621:on 26 June 2016
1618:
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1515:
1514:. 10 March 2023
1506:
1505:
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1491:
1478:
1477:
1468:
1453:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1384:
1309:
1297:Michael J. Gelb
1290:performing arts
1282:
1252:
1218:
1201:
1120:
1091:
1090:
1036:Adrenal fatigue
1031:
1023:
1022:
797:Southern Africa
782:
772:
771:
742:
740:Classifications
732:
731:
708:in chiropractic
666:
658:
657:
578:Quantum healing
568:Psychic surgery
443:Ionized jewelry
406:Herbal medicine
354:Esoteric energy
344:Energy medicine
312:Cupping therapy
307:Crystal healing
280:Colon cleansing
218:Bowen technique
188:Auriculotherapy
143:
135:
134:
70:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2181:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2126:
2125:External links
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2037:
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1928:
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1772:(4): 811–825.
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1648:
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1645:
1594:
1581:978-0810863927
1580:
1560:
1541:(1): 164–170.
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1405:
1400:
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1345:, and stress.
1339:osteoarthritis
1308:
1307:Health effects
1305:
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1260:blurred vision
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767:Energy therapy
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653:Zero balancing
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638:Vision therapy
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553:Parapsychology
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473:Manual therapy
470:
468:Magnet therapy
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99:(health fraud)
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1944:(3): 308–11.
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1140:poor posture
1127:
1125:
1003:Thai massage
973:Naftalan oil
846:Blood stasis
725:Turbo cancer
613:ThetaHealing
538:Osteomyology
438:Hypnotherapy
433:Hydrotherapy
339:Ear candling
334:Dry needling
285:Coffee enema
248:Chiropractic
213:Bone-setting
193:Bates method
178:Aromatherapy
36:
1625:12 December
1270:Fritz Perls
1162:recitations
963:Mien Shiang
881:Moxibustion
593:Reflexology
518:Oil pulling
513:Naturopathy
453:Jilly Juice
233:Camel urine
203:Black salve
153:Acupuncture
148:Acupressure
113:Antiscience
85:Terminology
2147:Categories
2112:11 January
1982:0805042067
1722:1 December
1697:7 November
1672:1 December
1414:References
1256:John Dewey
1222:laryngitis
1155:voice loss
1061:Heavy legs
1018:Vietnamese
998:Sri Lankan
558:Phrenology
543:Osteopathy
533:Orthopathy
421:Homeopathy
327:Foot detox
223:Breathwork
168:Apitherapy
123:Scientific
118:Skepticism
1915:1520-6696
1774:CiteSeerX
1555:144810660
1335:headaches
1250:Influence
1181:neck pain
1177:back pain
983:Shamanism
968:Mongolian
943:Kayakalpa
918:Curandero
836:Cambodian
826:Brazilian
623:Urophagia
583:Radionics
488:Mesmerism
448:Iridology
2163:Somatics
2106:Archived
2083:25344325
2032:22972048
1796:15458754
1518:10 March
1461:34148480
1433:(2019).
1382:See also
1350:Cochrane
1191:and the
1171:and the
953:Japanese
896:San Jiao
876:Meridian
804:Ayurveda
643:Vitalism
208:Bodywork
97:Quackery
44:a series
2074:4287507
2057:: 414.
2023:6458000
1958:8541975
1938:J Voice
1923:7007480
1718:. Aetna
1348:A 2012
1311:The UK
1216:History
1008:Tibetan
988:Shiatsu
933:Iranian
913:Chumash
906:Zang-fu
871:Long gu
861:Gua sha
841:Chinese
787:African
603:Rolfing
80:History
2081:
2071:
2030:
2020:
1979:
1956:
1921:
1913:
1880:
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1828:
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1587:3 June
1578:
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1331:asthma
1320:. The
1199:Method
1076:PANDAS
993:Siddha
958:Korean
901:Tui na
856:Dit da
523:Orgone
1619:(PDF)
1612:(PDF)
1551:S2CID
1512:NCCIH
1457:S2CID
1375:Aetna
1189:Aetna
1013:Unani
948:Kambo
928:Hilot
809:Dosha
359:Reiki
2114:2018
2079:PMID
2028:PMID
2006:2016
1977:ISBN
1954:PMID
1919:PMID
1911:ISSN
1878:ISBN
1854:ISBN
1826:ISBN
1792:PMID
1745:ISBN
1724:2021
1699:2023
1674:2021
1627:2015
1589:2014
1576:ISBN
1520:2023
1485:ISBN
1447:ISBN
1280:Uses
1126:The
938:Jamu
814:MVAH
792:Muti
598:RBOP
508:NAET
2069:PMC
2059:doi
2018:PMC
2010:doi
1946:doi
1903:doi
1818:doi
1784:doi
1543:doi
1439:doi
498:MMS
2149::
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