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and uncertain world, these things may be hard to discern. Accordingly, to makes sense of the world and our place within it, we rely on information from other people who are members of our ingroup. But clearly not everyone is going to be helpful here. If you are a feminist, it makes no sense to look to an anti-feminist or a non-feminist for guidance on matters related to gender relations. Instead, you turn to fellow ingroup members (i.e., other feminists) because you see them as best positioned to inform you about self-relevant features of social reality.
408:) has contributed to the development of the Social Identity Approach to health and well-being, also referred to as "The Social Cure", including the Integrated Social Identity model of Stress (ISIS). This work argues that the sense of social identity derived from shared group membership is a basis not only for individuals to have a sense of meaning and purpose in their lives, but also for them to receive and benefit from social support. It is also a basis for them to work together to overcome stressors rather than succumb to them.
324:. The critical contribution of social identity theory is to recognize that, in a range of social and organizational contexts, people’s sense of self is not primarily defined by their sense of themselves as individuals (in terms of their personal identity, as “me” and “I”). Rather, it is defined by their sense of themselves as members of particular groups (in terms of their social identity, as “we” and “us”).
370:. This showcased the work of around 50 researchers who had contributed to research on social identity and leadership at that time (a number that had grown to more than 150 by the time the second edition was published in 2020). To capture the breadth of social identity processes understood to be implicated in the leadership process it also referred to this work as being broadly concerned with
344:
ingroup champions. Indeed, one of the things that is most problematic for leaders’ effectiveness is the perception that they are either acting for themselves or, worse, for an outgroup. In this vein another large body of research shows that regardless of how prototypical they are, leaders will be more effective when they are also seen to act in ways that advance group interests.
328:(‘us’) as positively distinct from other comparison (out)groups. In simple, terms we want the groups that matter to us to be special. Second, when a particular social identity is salient (i.e., psychologically operative in ways that contribute to a sense of social identification) we are focused, above all else, on the fate and standing of the relevant group.
365:
Early work on social identity and leadership focused mainly on leaders’ identity prototypicality. However, as it has evolved, social identity research has broadened out to also explore leaders’ identity advancement, identity entrepreneurship and identity impresarioship. In 2011, this work was brought
327:
Through its capacity to structure people’s sense of self, social identity has wide-ranging implications for cognition and behavior — two of which are especially important for leadership. First, when people define themselves in terms of a given social identity they are motivated to see that (in)group
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Again, though, these endeavors are not enough to guarantee success, especially in the long term. For leadership is not only about the behavior of leaders but also about the way they shape the behavior of followers. Accordingly, leaders need to fashion social identity in ways that are compelling for
331:
A key point here is that when a person defines themselves in terms of a particular social identity (e.g., as a feminist), they will be motivated both to discover the meaning of that social identity (e.g., what it means to be a feminist) and to act in ways that embody that meaning. But in a changing
352:
who work not only to create a sense of shared group membership amongst would-be followers but also to shape their understanding of social identity. In these terms, the first task of a would-be leader is to create a sense that they and their followers are bound together by a common cause which they
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More particularly, we will see others as qualified to inform us about a given social identity—and hence seek out and respond positively to their leadership—to the extent that they are perceived to be representative of a relevant ingroup. Stated more formally in the language of cognitive theorizing
361:
who devise and choreograph collective activities and events that bring the groups they lead to life and give them a material force. The form that such activities take necessarily varies as a function of nature of the social identity that leaders are seeking to entrench. Nevertheless, whatever the
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At the same time, though, other research inspired by social identity theorizing has shown that leaders’ prototypicality is not all that matters when it comes to motivating followers. As well as being perceived to be “one of us” leaders also need to be seen to “do it for us” through their work as
312:
Since the 1990s, Haslam has collaborated with a number of social identity researchers, notably Steve
Reicher, Michael Platow, and John Turner, developing a social identity analysis of leadership. This work focuses on the role of perceived shared identity as a basis for mutual influence between
347:
But social identities are not set in stone. Instead they are a moveable feast. Indeed, one of the hallmarks of effective leadership is precisely the ability to take advantage of this flexibility. More specifically, leaders need to be
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domain, the long-term effectiveness of groups and leadership is generally buttressed by formalized identity performances and structures—such things as competitions and conferences, feasts and festivals, ceremonies and celebrations.
390:" to describe some of their key findings – specifically, evidence that women are more likely than men to be appointed to leadership roles in organisations that are performing poorly. This was short-listed for the
303:
of subordinates rather than blind conformity to roles or rules. Recent work has also demonstrated that the same analysis can explain the behaviour of participants in
Milgram's Obedience to Authority experiments.
815:
Haslam, S. A., O'Brien, A., Jetten, J., Vormedal, K., & Penna, S. (2005). Taking the strain: Social identity, social support and the experience of stress. 'British
Journal of Social Psychology', '44',
313:
leaders and followers. It argues that leaders' success hinges on their ability to create, represent, advance and embed a social identity that is shared with those they seek to motivate and inspire.
751:
Haslam, S. A., & Ryan, M. K. (2008). The road to the glass cliff: Differences in the perceived suitability of men and women for leadership positions in succeeding and failing organizations.
642:
Reicher, S. D., Haslam, S. A., & Smith, J. R. (2012). Working towards the experimenter: Reconceptualizing obedience within the
Milgram paradigm as identification-based followership.
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291:,which became known as the "BBC Prison Study". This examined the behaviour of a group of individuals within a simulated prison environment, returning to issues raised by the
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295:(SPE). Amongst other things, the study's findings challenged the role account of tyranny associated with the SPE as well as broader ideas surrounding the "
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Ryan, M. K., & Haslam, S. A. (2007). The Glass Cliff: Exploring the dynamics surrounding the appointment of women precarious leadership positions.
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Haslam, S. A., & Platow, M. J. (2001). The link between leadership and followership: How affirming social identity translates vision into action.
207:
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Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Postmes, T., & Haslam, C. (2009). Social identity, health and well-being: An emerging agenda for applied psychology.
246:
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Haslam, S. A., & Reicher, S. D. (2007). Beyond the banality of evil: Three dynamics of an interactionist social psychology of tyranny.
240:
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and power, stress and well-being. This work is informed by, and has contributed to the development of, theory and ideas relating to the
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Ryan, M. K., & Haslam, S. A. (2005). The Glass Cliff: Evidence that women are over-represented in precarious leadership positions.
691:
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Haslam, S. A., & Reicher, S. D. (2006). Stressing the group: Social identity and the unfolding dynamics of responses to stress.
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Haslam, S. A., & Reicher, S. D. (2012). Contesting the 'nature' of conformity: What
Milgram and Zimbardo's studies really show.
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followers and that allow them to act in ways that embed shared group values in social reality. That is, they need to be
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Haslam, S. A., & Reicher, S. D. (2012). When prisoners take over the prison: A social psychology of resistance.
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Turner, J. C., & Haslam, S. A. (2001). Social identity, organizations and leadership. In: M. E. Turner (Ed.),
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for "significant service to tertiary education, particularly psychology, though research and mentoring".
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Reicher, S. D., & Haslam, S. A. (2006). Rethinking the psychology of tyranny: The BBC Prison Study.
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about the structure of categories, we are influenced by others to the extent that they are seen to be
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226:'s Award for distinguished contribution to psychological science (2018). In 2009 he was granted the
191:(Atlanta). Prior to his current appointment at the University of Queensland, Haslam worked at the
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222:'s Nevitt Sanford Award for distinguished contribution to political psychology (2017), and the
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218:'s Presidents' Award for distinguished contributions to psychological knowledge (2016), the
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This approach to leadership is informed by two influential social psychological theories:
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Haslam, S. A., van
Knippenberg, D., Platow, M., & Ellemers, N. (Eds.) (2003).
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Haslam, C., Jetten, J., Cruwys, T., Dingle, G. A., & Haslam, S. A. (2018).
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299:". The core insight from the study was that tyranny results from the engaged
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Spears, R., Oakes, P. J., Ellemers, N., & Haslam, S. A. (Eds.) (1997).
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on the leadership experiences of women, and together they coined the term "
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together in the first edition of Haslam, Reicher and Platow’s monograph
562:"Robert T Jones Scholarship programme | University of St Andrews"
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Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice
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from 2001 to 2005, and
President of the psychology section of the
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The message of social psychology: Perspectives on mind in society
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827:"UQ equal tops in nation for ARC Australia Laureate Fellowships"
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The new psychology of leadership: Identity, influence and power
282:
230:'s Award for Excellence in the Teaching of Psychology, and a
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Jetten, J., Haslam, C., & Haslam, S. A. (Eds.) (2012).
505:
Jetten, J., Haslam, C., & Haslam, S. A. (Eds.) (2012).
175:(Sydney). His doctoral work at Macquarie was supervised by
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Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D. & Platow, M. J. (2011).
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from 2009 to 2010. He is currently an
Associate Editor of
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Psychology in organisations: The social identity approach
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Oakes, P. J., Haslam, S. A., & Turner, J. C. (1994).
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The new psychology of health: Unlocking the social cure
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The
Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia
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The social psychology of stereotyping and group life
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692:"Marissa Mayer Stares Down 'Glass Cliff' at Yahoo"
514:Social psychology: Revisiting the classic studies
512:Smith, J. R., & Haslam, S. A. (Eds.) (2012).
167:. He holds a Master of Arts (MA) degree from the
163:, Essex and completed his secondary education at
770:The social cure: Identity, health and well-being
633:(11), e1001426. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001426
507:The social cure: Identity, health and well-being
484:McGarty, C., & Haslam, S. A. (Eds.) (1997).
661:Groups at work: Advances in theory and research
937:Academic staff of the University of Queensland
451:Research methods and statistics in psychology
244:from 1999 to 2001 and Editor-in-Chief of the
220:International Society of Political Psychology
8:
783:Applied Psychology: An International Review
674:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
593:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
467:. London: Psychology Press. (2nd ed. 2020)
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449:Haslam, S. A., & McGarty, C. (2003).
404:Haslam's more recent work (funded by the
208:European Association of Social Psychology
887:Official website of the BBC Prison Study
610:Personality and Social Psychology Review
540:"Professor Alex Haslam - UQ Researchers"
396:"Research Project of the Year" in 2005.
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16:British social psychologist (born 1962)
927:Alumni of the University of St Andrews
772:. New York and Hove: Psychology Press.
509:. New York and Hove: Psychology Press.
502:. New York and Hove: Psychology Press.
942:21st-century Australian psychologists
932:Academics of the University of Exeter
644:Perspectives on Psychological Science
453:. London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
247:European Journal of Social Psychology
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663:(pp. 25–65). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
576:British Journal of Social Psychology
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241:British Journal of Social Psychology
238:. He was an Associate Editor of the
183:. This was preceded by a year as a
112:in the School of Psychology at the
912:21st-century British psychologists
273:In 2001, Haslam collaborated with
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922:People educated at Felsted School
917:Members of the Order of Australia
119:His research focuses on areas of
422:Member of the Order of Australia
368:The New Psychology of Leadership
224:Australian Psychological Society
444:Stereotyping and social reality
94:Stephen Alexander "Alex" Haslam
516:. London: Sage. (2nd ed, 2017)
460:. London: Sage. (2nd ed. 2004)
418:Australian Laureate Fellowship
193:Australian National University
101:(born 1962) is a professor of
1:
800:Journal of Applied Psychology
719:British Journal of Management
228:British Psychological Society
206:Haslam is a recipient of the
855:"Australia Day Honours List"
736:Academy of Management Review
690:Hass, Nancy (18 July 2012).
308:New psychology of leadership
232:National Teaching Fellowship
416:In 2011, he was awarded an
406:Australian Research Council
252:British Science Association
41:1962 (age 61–62)
958:
542:. University of Queensland
426:2022 Australia Day Honours
322:self-categorization theory
293:Stanford Prison Experiment
216:British Psychology Society
177:John Turner (psychologist)
110:Australian Laureate Fellow
350:entrepreneurs of identity
125:organisational psychology
832:University of Queensland
279:University of St Andrews
236:Higher Education Academy
181:Commonwealth Scholarship
169:University of St Andrews
149:social identity approach
114:University of Queensland
60:University of St Andrews
382:Haslam has worked with
340:of a relevant ingroup
185:Robert T. Jones Scholar
456:Haslam, S. A. (2001).
393:Times Higher Education
318:social identity theory
199:) (1991–2001) and the
131:, exploring issues of
432:Selected publications
420:. He was appointed a
285:television programme
264:Key research projects
753:Leadership Quarterly
495:. Oxford: Blackwell.
488:. Oxford: Blackwell.
474:. London: Routledge.
446:. Oxford: Blackwell.
359:identity impresarios
257:Leadership Quarterly
201:University of Exeter
173:Macquarie University
68:Macquarie University
372:identity leadership
214:Medal (2005), the
159:Haslam grew up in
864:. 26 January 2022
412:Awards and honors
129:health psychology
121:social psychology
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388:glass cliff
378:Glass cliff
896:Categories
868:25 January
759:, 530–546.
742:, 549–572.
650:, 315–324.
616:, 152–179.
599:, 615–622.
521:References
437:Monographs
212:Kurt Lewin
145:leadership
103:psychology
74:Occupation
546:11 August
353:embody.
281:) on the
234:from the
137:prejudice
46:Education
816:355–370.
725:, 81–90.
197:Canberra
161:Elsenham
77:Academic
789:, 1–23.
703:24 July
582:, 1–40.
424:in the
141:tyranny
155:Career
858:(PDF)
839:3 May
870:2022
841:2020
705:2012
548:2016
320:and
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38:Born
283:BBC
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