390:
a further attempt to return to
Scotland in 1485. The persistent story of Albany's escape from Edinburgh castle, usually misdated to 1479 or 1482/3 by chroniclers, instead is claimed to have occurred in 1485. Certainly Albany's closest ally and fellow exile James Liddale of Halkerston is found imprisoned awaiting execution at this time, suggesting he had returned to Scotland with Albany, and a chronicle account that claims Albany killed the "laird of Manerston" (a minor but trusted royal official) may be confirmed by Manerston's death before 14 October 1485. Albany fled for the last time, again to France, where he was killed shortly afterwards in a duel with the
42:
566:, at Stuart Alexandre, duc d'Albany, and citing 'Antiquités nationales ou Monumens (sic) pour servir à l'Histoire générale et particilière... par Aubin-Louis Millin (1790)' and 'Epitaphier du vieux Paris – Tome II'. These sources were not seen or at least cited by any recent English biography of Albany, and the sources for Albany's death and burial were all secondary.
365:. Subsequently the parliament passed a number of mutually contradictory acts, and Albany fled to Dunbar between Christmas and the new year. On 2 January 1483 Albany made an abortive second attempt to seize the king. Edward IV promised the duke further aid on 11 February, and on 19 March he managed to force the king into a humiliating
357:, one of the most powerful magnates in the country, who had designs on the earldom himself and came to the parliament of December 1482, at which Albany had hoped to have his lieutenant-generalship confirmed. The king meanwhile managed to persuade a number of the "Lauder Lords" to return to loyalty to him, most notably
389:
ensued, where the invasion was defeated, Douglas was captured, while Albany fled south again. The invasion had no support from
Richard III, and failed to find any Scottish support in the former estates of Albany and Douglas. The author of Albany's most recent biography claims that there may have been
350:, and quit Edinburgh on 11 August. At that point the "Lauder Lords" in Edinburgh Castle emerged and began working with Albany to form a new government. By early October Albany was acting lieutenant-general of the realm, had taken the earldom of Mar, and had re-acquired his former lands and offices.
592:
This source from 1790 is at least a source close to the time when the church was still standing, and is an exhaustive account of the burials in important French churches before the
Revolution.
207:
and assumed control of the country. Scottish lords turned against him in 1483 and he fled after King Edward died. The second invasion, in 1484, was not supported by the new
English king,
295:, and received royal favour by his marriage to Anne de la Tour. Louis, however, would not assist him to attack his brother the king, and crossing to England he made a treaty with
271:
aroused suspicion, suggesting sharp practice and a policy of border violence and truce breaking against
England that contravened the 1474 marriage alliance of his brother
985:
935:
330:
Bridge as he marched to face the invasion, and was imprisoned in
Edinburgh Castle. It has been suggested that there was a conspiracy between Albany and a group of
950:
893:
617:
534:
369:. With the death of Edward IV on 9 April 1483 Albany lost his main source of power and shortly thereafter he fled south, letting an English garrison into
940:
529:
880:
792:
864:
410:, who bore him three sons and a daughter. This marriage was dissolved in 1478, and its issue was regarded as illegitimate. Their children included:
955:
429:
872:
712:
960:
407:
318:, he marched at the head of one of the largest English armies to be assembled after the Wars of Independence – 20,000 men – to
695:
602:
135:
980:
659:
382:
314:
in return for Edward's assistance and to deliver the southern shires into
English possession. With the Duke of Gloucester, afterwards
975:
354:
747:
358:
240:
141:
59:
818:
887:
812:
433:
785:
702:
449:
260:
675:
Roland Tanner, "Alexander
Stewart, 3rd Duke of Albany" (unpublished M.Litt dissertation, University of St Andrews, 1994).
322:, which was seized (the last time it would change hands between England and Scotland) and then, with a smaller force, to
830:
579:
Antiquités
Nationales, o u Recueil de Monumens servir à l'Histoire générale et particulière de l'Empire François, vol. I
445:
414:
839:
441:
930:
347:
41:
945:
925:
778:
386:
395:
107:
906:
990:
307:
965:
264:
203:, and fled to France, where he unsuccessfully sought help. In 1482 he invaded Scotland with the army of
577:
334:
who had been excluded from power in the 1470s, including the king's
Stewart half-uncles, the earls of
970:
851:
224:
204:
196:
167:
17:
381:
In July 1484, Albany once again invaded Scotland, this time with a small force with the long-exiled
283:
In 1479, the seat of Albany's earldom of March was seized, although accounts of his imprisonment in
857:
720:
391:
212:
319:
607:
655:
437:
255:. He was soon released, and as he matured began to take part in the government and defence of
130:
346:, although evidence is limited. Gloucester, meanwhile, seems to have been satisfied with the
315:
284:
268:
236:
228:
177:
157:
647:
418:
394:
in Paris, by a splinter from the latter's lance. He was buried near the high altar in the
195: – 7 August 1485), was a Scottish prince and the second surviving son of
845:
801:
733:
296:
272:
232:
200:
49:
398:. The titles of March and Dunbar were forfeited and annexed to the crown of Scotland.
919:
756:
612:
370:
292:
550:
300:
251:, the land of his maternal family. On his return in 1464 he was captured by the
244:
208:
670:
he Late Medieval Scottish Parliament: Politics and the Three Estates 1424–1488
311:
448:(1482–1536), who succeeded as Duke of Albany, and married Anne's niece, also
366:
323:
256:
248:
621:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 687.
362:
331:
252:
152:
606:
339:
335:
327:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
770:
343:
288:
111:
95:
774:
353:
Albany's adoption of the earldom of Mar seems to have angered
417:(before 1477 – 9 December 1537), who became
576:
Millin, Aubin-Louis (1790). Written at Internet Archive.
287:
at this time appear to be misdated. Albany fled by sea to
467:
465:
555:
Tombes et Sepultures dans les cimetieres et autres lieux
361:, keeper of Edinburgh Castle, Atholl and the bishop of
681:, R. J. Tanner, "Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany".
406:
Albany's first wife was Lady Katherine, daughter of
486:, R. J. Tanner, "Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany"
173:
163:
151:
129:
119:
102:
82:
69:
65:
55:
48:
34:
538:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 488.
310:, Albany promised to hold Scotland under English
247:. In 1460 he travelled to the continent, and to
223:Alexander was the second surviving son of King
786:
8:
291:where in September 1479 he was welcomed by
793:
779:
771:
684:
40:
31:
654:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
471:
235:before 1458, Alexander also received the
986:15th-century Scottish military personnel
936:Heirs presumptive to the Scottish throne
652:Power and Propaganda: Scotland 1306–1488
523:
521:
679:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
484:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
461:
259:, being appointed in quick succession
199:. He fell out with his older brother,
951:Peers created by James II of Scotland
211:, and failed. He died in a duel with
18:Alexander Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany
7:
408:William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney
326:. Meanwhile James III was seized at
215:, by a splinter from Louis's lance.
213:Louis XII of France, Duke of Orléans
643:(Revised edition, Edinburgh, 2009).
383:James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas
25:
941:Pretenders to the Scottish throne
440:and his wife Louise (daughter of
355:George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly
186:Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany
551:"Couvent des Celestins de Paris"
836:Arthur or Robert Stewart (1541)
147:Margaret Stewart (illegitimate)
956:Lord high admirals of Scotland
434:Bertrand VI, Count of Auvergne
1:
703:Lord High Admiral of Scotland
421:. He left illegitimate issue.
267:. Some of his actions on the
261:Lord High Admiral of Scotland
189:
73:
27:15th-century Scottish prince
961:Politicians killed in duels
1007:
840:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
450:Anne de La Tour d'Auvergne
430:Anne de la Tour d'Auvergne
359:John Stewart, Lord Darnley
136:Alexander, Bishop of Moray
125:Anne de la Tour d'Auvergne
981:Earls of March (Scotland)
903:
808:
754:
744:
731:
726:
719:
709:
700:
692:
687:
279:Struggle with his brother
205:King Edward IV of England
197:King James II of Scotland
39:
976:Earls or mormaers of Mar
907:Dukes of York and Albany
549:Penin, Marie-Christine.
428:In 1480, Albany married
342:and the bishop-elect of
618:Encyclopædia Britannica
608:"March, Earls of"
535:Encyclopædia Britannica
442:Georges de la Trémoille
123:Lady Katherine Sinclair
93:7 August 1485 (aged 31)
308:Treaty of Fotheringhay
894:Prince Charles Edward
396:Couvent des CĂ©lestins
265:Warden of the Marches
108:Couvent des CĂ©lestins
672:(East Linton, 2000).
603:McNeill, Ronald John
582:. Paris. p. 132
377:Last years and death
225:James II of Scotland
168:James II of Scotland
142:John, Duke of Albany
721:Peerage of Scotland
639:Norman Macdougall,
444:). They had a son,
402:Family and children
387:Battle of Lochmaben
239:, and lordships of
348:seizure of Berwick
913:
912:
825:Alexander Stewart
769:
768:
745:Succeeded by
710:Succeeded by
688:Military offices
415:Alexander Stewart
183:
182:
16:(Redirected from
998:
931:Scottish princes
795:
788:
781:
772:
693:Preceded by
685:
668:Roland Tanner, T
665:
648:Stevenson, Katie
623:
622:
610:
599:
593:
591:
589:
587:
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540:
539:
530:Albany, Dukes of
525:
516:
510:
487:
481:
475:
469:
316:King Richard III
285:Edinburgh Castle
237:earldom of March
229:Mary of Gueldres
209:King Richard III
194:
191:
178:Mary of Guelders
92:
90:
78:
75:
44:
32:
21:
1006:
1005:
1001:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
995:
946:Dukes of Albany
926:House of Stuart
916:
915:
914:
909:
905:italics denote
899:
865:Ernest Augustus
819:Murdoch Stewart
804:
802:Dukes of Albany
799:
764:
760:
750:
742:bef. 1458–1485
741:
737:
715:
713:Patrick Hepburn
706:
698:
662:
646:
636:
634:Further reading
627:
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601:
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557:
548:
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543:
527:
526:
519:
511:
490:
482:
478:
470:
463:
458:
424:Andrew Stewart.
419:bishop of Moray
404:
392:duke of Orléans
379:
281:
221:
192:
146:
144:
140:
139:Andrew Stewart
138:
124:
115:
94:
88:
86:
76:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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983:
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928:
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910:
904:
901:
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898:
897:
891:
888:Prince Leopold
885:
877:
869:
861:
855:
852:Charles Stuart
849:
843:
837:
834:
828:
827:(c. 1458–1485)
822:
816:
813:Robert Stewart
809:
806:
805:
800:
798:
797:
790:
783:
775:
767:
766:
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746:
743:
734:Duke of Albany
730:
724:
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676:
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666:
661:978-0748694204
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625:
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613:Chisholm, Hugh
594:
568:
541:
517:
488:
476:
472:Stevenson 2014
460:
459:
457:
454:
432:, daughter of
426:
425:
422:
403:
400:
378:
375:
303:in June 1482.
297:King Edward IV
280:
277:
273:King James III
233:Duke of Albany
227:and his wife,
220:
217:
201:King James III
181:
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50:Duke of Albany
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1003:
992:
991:Sons of kings
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
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796:
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789:
784:
782:
777:
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757:Earl of March
753:
749:
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736:
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729:
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718:
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697:
696:David Lindsay
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477:
474:, p. 81.
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372:
371:Dunbar Castle
368:
364:
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351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
293:King Louis XI
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278:
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145:Maud Stewart
143:
137:
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118:
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109:
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101:
97:
85:
81:
72:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
966:1450s births
879:
871:
863:
858:James Stuart
846:James Stuart
831:John Stewart
824:
762:2nd creation
761:
755:
748:John Stewart
739:2nd creation
738:
732:
728:New creation
727:
701:
678:
669:
651:
640:
616:
597:
584:. Retrieved
578:
571:
558:. Retrieved
554:
544:
533:
512:
483:
479:
427:
405:
380:
373:as he went.
352:
305:
301:Fotheringhay
282:
222:
185:
184:
60:John Stewart
29:
971:1485 deaths
896:(1884–1919)
890:(1881–1884)
883:(1784–1827)
875:(1760–1767)
867:(1716–1728)
860:(1660–1685)
854:(1603–1625)
842:(1565–1567)
833:(1485–1536)
821:(1420–1425)
815:(1398–1420)
438:of Boulogne
245:Isle of Man
193: 1454
77: 1454
920:Categories
765:1455–1485
707:1482–1485
560:4 December
456:References
312:suzerainty
231:. Created
89:1485-08-07
881:Frederick
641:James III
586:4 October
367:indenture
324:Edinburgh
241:Annandale
56:Successor
35:Alexander
650:(2014).
605:(1911).
515:loc. cit
332:magnates
257:Scotland
249:Guelders
243:and the
114:, France
98:, France
615:(ed.).
363:Dunkeld
320:Berwick
306:By the
269:marches
253:English
158:Stewart
873:Edward
848:(1567)
658:
385:. The
340:Buchan
336:Atholl
328:Lauder
174:Mother
164:Father
120:Spouse
103:Burial
611:. In
344:Moray
289:Paris
153:House
131:Issue
112:Paris
96:Paris
656:ISBN
588:2021
562:2015
513:ODNB
446:John
436:and
263:and
219:Rise
83:Died
70:Born
532:".
299:at
922::
553:.
520:^
491:^
464:^
452:.
338:,
275:.
190:c.
110:,
74:c.
794:e
787:t
780:v
664:.
590:.
564:.
528:"
188:(
91:)
87:(
20:)
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