475:
431:, he was responsible for ensuring that grain was collected in areas of the countryside under Bolshevik control, and delivered to towns and for the Red Army, to avert the threat of starvation. With the factories turning out fewer goods that peasant farmers wanted to buy during the disruption caused by war, and paper money being of little value, from 1918 Tsiurupa was organised dozens of armed detachments from the towns who went out and seized grain. He claimed that the squads were sent out only when all other methods had been tried and failed, and denied a rumour that on arrival in a village, they got drunk and went on a rampage. He claimed that they were not simply military detachments, but also propagandists bringing political awareness to the villages. He did, though, concede that sometimes the brigades copied the behaviour of the tsarist police. The historian Orlando Figes describes the activities of these detachments as a "battle for grain ... with the brigades using terror to squeeze out the stocks and the peasants counteracting them with passive resistance and outright revolt" including about 200 violent clashes between peasants and grain collectors in July to August 1918 alone.
63:
453:, who was appointed General Secretary of the Communist Party - although when Stalin was running Rabkrin, he and Tsiurupa clashed over the issue of food supplies, and Rabrkin did an audit of Tsiurupa's department, which found that it was “very imperfect, cumbersome, expensive, works poorly, (and) requires significant urgent measures” - a view apparently not shared by Lenin.
373:). His father was an official. After graduating from a local school, in 1887 he enrolled in the Kherson Agricultural Institute, but in 1893 was arrested and expelled for distributing anti-government literature. He worked as a statistician and agronomist, but in 1895 was arrested again. After his release, he moved to
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471:, who met him during the civil war, and was astonished to hear Tsiurupa claim that there was no black market in food, described him as "a man with a splendid white beard and candid eyes ... but he was a captive in offices whose occupants had obviously all primed him with lies."
441:
There is a story that while travelling by train to organise the seizure of grain, Tsiurupa fainted from hunger. This may just be a myth. But in June 1919, Lenin noted that
Tsiurupa was unable to feed his large family on his salary, and ordered that it be doubled.
474:
416:, Tsiurupa was elected to Ufa Committee of the RSDLP. This was an important grain growing district, and during 1917, he organised courses to train inspectors to account for the grain reserves, and arranged for grain supplies to be sent to
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of the USSR. In
November 1925, when the people's commissariats for foreign and internal trade were merged, he was appointed People's Commissar for Trade. He was a member of the
401:. He returned to Ufa in November 1904, and worked as a manager on the estates of Prince Vyacheslav Kugushev, an Ufa landowner whom Tsiurupa persuaded to secretly back the
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Tsiurupa was Deputy
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissar of the Russian Federation in 1921-23. In 1922, he was made head of
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in 1921, after which
Tsiurupa was responsible for introducing a new tax system of tax in kind, when Russia lacked a stable currency.
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427:, Tsiurupa was appointed Deputy People's Commissar, and in February 1918 People's Commissar for Food. This meant that during the
490:. His birthplace, Oleshky, was renamed Tsiurupinsk in 1928, but reverted in 2016 to its original name. On 20 March 2023 the
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Oleshky reinstated the name "Tsiurupynsk" for the town; the reason given was that it was "part of the
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Members of the
Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Central Committee of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Central Committee of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Despite the high government offices he held, Tsiurupa was not a major political figure.
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530:"Цюру́па Алекса́ндр Дми́триевич 1870-1928 Биографический указатель"
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Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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The detachments were disbanded with the introduction of the
393:, Tsiurupa became an Iskra agent, in Ufa and, from 1901, in
694:. London: Writer & Readers Co-Operative. p. 113.
486:) at the age of 57. His ashes were brought buried at the
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A People's Tragedy, The Russian Revolution, 18891-1924
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People's commissars and ministers of the Soviet Union
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Tsiurupa died on May 8, 1928, in Mukhalatka village,
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389:in 1900. After Lenin had launched the newspaper
341:19 September] 1870 — 8 May 1928) was a
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719:"The occupiers renamed Oleshki to Tsyurupinsk"
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624:The Bolshevik Revolution 1917-1923, volume 2
554:Krupskaya, Nadezhda (Lenin's widow) (1970).
273:Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
189:11 December 1923 – 28 November 1925
16:Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet statesman
478:A commemorative stamp of Alexander Tsiurupa
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496:reversal of the renamings committed
88:6 May 1922 – 28 April 1923
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456:In 1923-25, he was chairman of
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335:Алекса́ндр Дми́триевич Цюру́па
327:Alexander Dmitryevich Tsiurupa
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727:(in Ukrainian). 20 March 2023
573:"Александр Дмитриевич Цюрупа"
21:Eastern Slavic naming customs
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598:"Kugushev, Viacheslav"
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200:Alexei Rykov
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752:1870 births
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500:coup d'état
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316:(1918–1928)
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33:family name
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746:Categories
510:References
498:after the
412:After the
403:Bolsheviks
306:Bolsheviks
266:8 May 1928
243:1870-10-01
25:patronymic
418:Petrograd
353:Biography
343:Bolshevik
185:In office
138:1918–1921
134:In office
84:In office
731:20 March
291:, Moscow
37:Tsiurupa
534:Khronos
458:Gosplan
447:Rabkrin
399:Olonets
395:Kharkiv
387:Lenin's
371:Ukraine
359:Oleshky
331:Russian
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339:O.S.
263:Died
237:Born
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