496:, where any suspected case of ALKV must be reported immediately. Three forms must be filled out to properly ensure the virus is being sufficiently monitored: A suspect case form, an epidemiological investigation form, and a laboratory requisition form. The hospitals and health centers, either governmental or private, report the potential ALKV case to the desk officers in charge of viral hemorrhagic fevers at the Directorate of Health Affairs in their respective region. Afterward, the desk officer forwards the report to the Directorate of Infectious Diseases at the Preventive Medicine Department at the Ministry of Health. Before entering the case into the database system, the desk officer in charge of AHFV reviews the case reports for accuracy and completion. Subsequently, the desk officer at the Ministry of Health formulates daily reports for the higher directors at the Ministry of Health and forwards them as feedback to the regions and their respective health units.
441:, has been created or made readily available. The best measures for combating ALKV are basic tick bite prevention, such as using tick repellents and avoiding regions where ticks are found in abundance, and raising awareness. Limiting non-casual contact with livestock and domestic animals is also another way of prevention. Individuals should appropriately check for attached ticks and remove them as soon as possible if found. Tick collars for domestic animals and the use of
260:
242:
429:(ELISA) can be made afterward. Treatment consists of supportive therapy which balances the person's fluids and electrolytes, oxygen status and blood pressure monitored and maintained, and additional treatment for any further complications. The mortality rate of hospitalized patients ranges from 1 to 20%.
462:
and sheep have been linked to be the natural hosts of this virus. There appears to be more than one possible route of transmission seen in people who have become infected with this virus: one or more bites by an infected tick, crushing an infected tick with unprotected fingers, ingestion of
1222:
Hoffman, Tove; Lindeborg, Mats; Barboutis, Christos; Erciyas-Yavuz, Kiraz; Evander, Magnus; Fransson, Thord; Figuerola, Jordi; Jaenson, Thomas G.T.; Kiat, Yosef; Lindgren, Per-Eric; Lundkvist, Ă
ke; Mohamed, Nahla; Moutailler, Sara; Nyström, Fredrik; Olsen, Björn; Salaneck, Erik (2018).
404:
encoding over 3,000 amino acid polyproteins. The AnhC, PrM, M, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, 2K, NS4B and NS5 proteins are all of the same length. ALKV owns the largest polyprotein of all TB-flaviviruses calculated as of yet. ALKV has been found to be closely related to the
1590:
445:
are efficient in killing ticks on livestock. People working with animals or animal products in farms or slaughterhouses should refrain from making unprotected contact with the blood, tissues, or fluids (such as consuming
491:
As a response to the troubling illness, the KSA (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) is treating ALKV as one of the nationally notifiable diseases in the country. An effective surveillance system was established by the
2907:
2692:
1525:
Charrel RN, Zaki AM, Attoui H, et al. (2001). "Complete coding sequence of the
Alkhurma virus, a tick-borne flavivirus causing severe hemorrhagic fever in humans in Saudi Arabia".
476:
The geographic distribution of the virus has extended beyond Saudi Arabia; reports of ALKV have been documented in countries where there is no endemic vector of the disease, such as
798:
Charrel, Rémi; Zaki, Ali; Attoui, Houssam; Fakeeh, Mazen; Billoir, Frédérique; Yousef, Amany; Chesse, Reine; Micco, Philippe; Gould, Ernest; Lamballerie, Xavier (17 August 2001).
2900:
425:
Laboratory diagnosis of ALKV can be performed in the early stages of the illness by molecular detection of PCR or virus isolation from the blood. Serologic testing using
1633:
2448:
3440:
2893:
2702:
1305:
409:(KFD), with which it shares 89% nucleotide sequence homology. Close similarities indicate that these viruses diverged 700 years ago. Related viruses include
3122:
2077:
1714:
43:
1272:
196:, and chills. Less than 10% of people develop severe neurologic, central nervous system, and hemorrhagic symptoms, such as purpura, epitasis,
3176:
1626:
1399:
Alzahrani, Abdullah; Al
Shaiban, Hassan; Al Mazroa, Mohammed; Al-Hayani, Osama; MacNeil, Adam; Rollin, Pierre; Memish, Ziad (December 2010).
1951:
3092:
2066:
180:
After an incubation period lasting as short as 2â4 days or as long as 8 days, people with AHF develop symptoms including fever, headache,
1448:
1348:
Memish, Ziad; Fagbo, Shamsudeen; Assiri, Abdullah; Rollin, Pierre; Zaki, Ali; Charrel, Remi; Mores, Chris; MacNeil, Adam (31 July 2012).
2967:
1941:
800:"Complete Coding Sequence of the Alkhurma Virus, a Tick-Borne Flavivirus Causing Severe Hemorrhagic Fever in Humans in Saudi Arabia"
493:
1563:
2453:
2293:
1826:
1821:
1619:
2963:
3102:
2971:
2228:
737:
Zaki AM (1997). "Isolation of a flavivirus related to the tick-borne encephalitis complex from human cases in Saudi Arabia".
3027:
881:"Ancient ancestry of KFDV and AHFV revealed by complete genome analyses of viruses isolated from ticks and mammalian hosts"
618:
2485:
2125:
1724:
1302:
370:
3468:
3006:
2776:
2771:
2379:
1163:
Memish, Ziad; Fagbo, Shamsudeen; Ali, Ahmed; AlHakeem, Rafat; Elnagi, Fatherlrhman; Bamgboye, Elijah (6 February 2014).
1115:
537:. Since then, over 40 cases of ALKV, with case fatality rates less than 1%, have been reported. ALKV is classified as a
711:
3037:
2986:
2406:
2401:
2389:
1931:
1814:
879:
Dodd, KA; Bird, BH; Khristova, ML; Albariño, CG; Carroll, SA; Comer, JA; Erickson, BR; Rollin, PE; Nichol, ST (2011).
799:
1350:"Alkhurma Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: Proposed Guidelines for Detection, Prevention, and Control in Saudi Arabia"
259:
3445:
2495:
2413:
2394:
1760:
2618:
2081:
1225:"Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever Virus RNA in Hyalomma rufipes Ticks Infesting Migratory Birds, Europe and Asia Minor"
518:
501:
1973:
3371:
2996:
2991:
2697:
2640:
2518:
2313:
1838:
3132:
3107:
2801:
2463:
2458:
2363:
2158:
2144:
2120:
2062:
1872:
1756:
406:
88:
3393:
3267:
3112:
2148:
2116:
2092:
1927:
1805:
1729:
1704:
1690:
1669:
1165:"Is the Epidemiology of Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever Changing? : A Three-Year Overview in Saudi Arabia"
458:
The route of transmission for ALKV is not fully understood and is filled with huge knowledge gaps, though
410:
213:
3473:
3260:
3238:
3117:
2581:
2490:
2468:
2132:
1809:
469:
3353:
3339:
3231:
3224:
3127:
3097:
2633:
2628:
2007:
1176:
254:
505:, another possible vector for this virus, has been found to be infecting migratory birds in Europe.
3431:
3346:
3142:
3087:
2932:
2569:
2554:
2423:
2218:
97:
1109:
Carletti, F; Castilletti, C; Di Caro, A; Capobianchi, MR; Nisii, C; Suter, F; et al. (2010).
396:
was retrieved from a person in Saudi Arabia during the 1990s. It was found to contain over 10,000
2916:
2766:
2041:
1893:
447:
401:
50:
569:"Defeating re-emerging Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus outbreak in Saudi Arabia and worldwide"
3317:
3296:
3171:
2954:
2846:
2623:
1966:
1780:
1599:
1542:
1513:
1456:
1430:
1381:
1254:
1204:
1142:
1065:
912:
822:
754:
600:
530:
112:
38:
1611:
1297:
Sometimes misidentified as "Al-Khumra" virusâ"It's Al-Khurma, not Al-Khumra, says official",
3303:
3289:
3196:
2574:
2559:
2189:
2000:
1995:
1534:
1503:
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1420:
1412:
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1184:
1132:
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1055:
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902:
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814:
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590:
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393:
189:
93:
1083:
3069:
2651:
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1983:
1863:
1858:
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308:
147:
982:
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3166:
3001:
2885:
2478:
2137:
1508:
1483:
1425:
1400:
1376:
1349:
1303:
http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2010011360023
1249:
1224:
1199:
1164:
1137:
1110:
1060:
1035:
1034:
Charrel, RN; Fagbo, S; Moureau, G; Alqahtani, MH; Temmam, S; de
Lamballerie, X (2007).
907:
880:
772:
595:
568:
534:
201:
197:
168:), or alternatively termed as Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus, and is mainly based in
750:
473:, as the vector. No cases of human-human transmission of AHF have ever been recorded.
3462:
3082:
3047:
2941:
2825:
2735:
2683:
2604:
2586:
2508:
2428:
2304:
2286:
2198:
1988:
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1309:
654:
296:
3329:
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2981:
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2839:
2665:
2439:
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2173:
2107:
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1888:
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1876:
1831:
1796:
1739:
1681:
344:
332:
320:
241:
221:
169:
156:
1649:
521:, Saudi Arabia during the 1990s, who became sick with an acute, fatal hemorrhagic
1366:
1189:
897:
629:
585:
3425:
3250:
3019:
2670:
2660:
2564:
2545:
2372:
2367:
2263:
2027:
1961:
1918:
1848:
1770:
1694:
1561:
Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever - European Centre for
Disease Prevention and Control
437:
Due to limited information pertaining to ALKV, no specific treatment, such as a
397:
217:
205:
185:
3416:
3150:
2857:
2787:
2757:
2707:
2591:
2473:
2354:
2209:
2087:
2018:
1900:
1749:
1322:
442:
356:
181:
81:
3214:
3055:
2866:
1658:
1484:"Low diversity of Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus, Saudi Arabia, 1994-1999"
467:, or entry via a skin wound. There is evidence pointing to the sand tampan,
284:
209:
73:
1546:
1538:
1517:
1499:
1434:
1416:
1385:
1258:
1240:
1208:
1146:
1128:
1069:
1051:
916:
826:
818:
604:
758:
3410:
1642:
682:
481:
68:
64:
1582:
2796:
2745:
2723:
2242:
514:
438:
224:(which can result in death), have been found in hospitalized patients.
193:
77:
3279:
2834:
2613:
2342:
2331:
1594:
60:
3387:
1111:"Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever in travelers returning from Egypt, 2010"
864:
847:
513:
This virus was first isolated from the blood of a 32-year-old male
542:
538:
526:
522:
485:
477:
459:
426:
271:
133:
Supportive therapy, monitoring of blood pressure and oxygen status
56:
1036:"Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus in Ornithodoros savignyi ticks"
1905:
464:
3391:
2889:
1615:
2533:
1273:"Ticks on migratory birds carriers of hemorrhagic fever virus"
117:
Molecular detection of PCR, virus isolation, serologic testing
1401:"Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever in Humans, Najran, Saudi Arabia"
1279:. Uppsala University. Uppsala University: News. 1 June 2018
220:
and thrombocytopenia, which leads to hemorrhagic fever and
567:
Tambo, Ernest; El-Dessouky, Ashraf (27 September 2018).
1572:
3400:
3363:
3327:
3277:
3248:
3212:
3205:
3189:
3159:
3141:
3068:
3046:
3018:
2940:
2931:
2924:
2855:
2823:
2814:
2785:
2755:
2733:
2722:
2681:
2649:
2602:
2543:
2532:
2506:
2437:
2352:
2341:
2330:
2302:
2252:
2241:
2207:
2187:
2105:
2051:
2040:
2016:
1916:
1794:
1679:
1668:
1657:
1576:
1527:
1482:Charrel RN, Zaki AM, Fakeeh M, et al. (2005).
1158:
1156:
807:
129:
121:
111:
103:
87:
49:
37:
29:
24:
1453:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
619:"Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Complex Fact Sheet"
1084:"Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF) - Transmission"
779:. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
983:"Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF) - Prevention"
545:agent, depending on the country's regulations.
1329:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
957:"Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF) - Treatment"
931:"Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF) - Diagnosis"
2901:
1627:
8:
3123:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
2078:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
427:enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assay
125:Tick repellents, limit contact with animals
3388:
3209:
2937:
2928:
2908:
2894:
2886:
2820:
2730:
2540:
2349:
2338:
2249:
2048:
1676:
1665:
1634:
1620:
1612:
1573:
1327:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1088:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
987:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
961:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
935:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
777:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
718:. MD Medicus Reise- und Tropenmedizin GmbH
687:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
240:
231:
21:
1507:
1449:"Facts about Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever"
1424:
1375:
1365:
1248:
1198:
1188:
1136:
1059:
906:
896:
863:
594:
584:
562:
560:
558:
554:
33:Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV)
450:) of any potentially infected animal.
44:Infectious disease (medical specialty)
3177:Southern tick-associated rash illness
2449:Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
160:virus family (class IV). ALKV causes
7:
706:
704:
1952:Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
151:
1323:"Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF)"
773:"Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF)"
655:"Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF)"
14:
3402:Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus
1942:Western equine encephalomyelitis
1932:Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
1455:. European Union. Archived from
529:imported from the small city of
258:
249:Flavivirus structure and genome
25:Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever (AHF)
3093:CrimeanâCongo hemorrhagic fever
2067:CrimeanâCongo hemorrhagic fever
1015:. Weizmann Institute of Science
683:"Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE)"
3103:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
2229:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
1:
2486:Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
1725:Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
751:10.1016/S0035-9203(97)90215-7
739:Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg
371:Kyasanur Forest disease virus
154:) is a zoonotic virus of the
3007:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
2380:Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
1367:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001604
1229:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1190:10.1371/journal.pone.0085564
1116:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1009:"Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever"
898:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001352
852:Clinical Infectious Diseases
586:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006707
3038:Relapsing fever borreliosis
2987:Spotted fever rickettsiosis
2402:Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
2390:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
519:Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital
194:feeling of great discomfort
3490:
2414:Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
2294:Sandfly fever Naples virus
499:In 2018, the tick species
394:ALKV prototype strain 1776
162:Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever
3028:BaggioâYoshinari syndrome
2082:Huaiyangshan banyangvirus
253:
248:
239:
234:
3372:Rhipicephalus sanguineus
2997:American tick bite fever
2992:Pacific Coast tick fever
2698:SARS-related coronavirus
2661:Henipavirus encephalitis
2519:Murid gammaherpesvirus 4
2364:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
2145:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
2117:Arbovirus encephalitides
2093:Arbovirus encephalitides
2063:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
2028:Banna virus encephalitis
1928:Arbovirus encephalitides
1873:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1839:Saint Louis encephalitis
1806:Arbovirus encephalitides
1757:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1691:Arbovirus encephalitides
716:Gesundes Reisen (German)
3133:Tick-borne encephalitis
3108:Kyasanur Forest disease
2802:Yaba monkey tumor virus
2159:Kyasanur Forest disease
2121:Tick-borne encephalitis
1822:Australian encephalitis
1715:California encephalitis
712:"Alkhurma Virus (AHFV)"
407:Kyasanur Forest disease
208:, and life-threatening
3268:Dermacentor variabilis
3113:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
2149:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
1730:La Crosse encephalitis
1539:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5610
1500:10.3201/eid1105.041298
1417:10.3201/eid1612.100417
1241:10.3201/eid2405.171369
1129:10.3201/eid1612.101092
1052:10.3201/eid1301.061094
819:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5610
411:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
214:Elevated liver enzymes
3261:Dermacentor andersoni
3239:Amblyomma triguttatum
3118:Powassan encephalitis
2582:Marburg virus disease
2133:Powassan encephalitis
1810:Japanese encephalitis
525:after slaughtering a
470:Ornithodoros savignyi
3354:Ornithodoros moubata
3340:Ornithodoros gurneyi
3232:Amblyomma cajennense
3225:Amblyomma americanum
3143:Protozoan infections
3128:Tete orthobunyavirus
3098:Heartland bandavirus
2968:Human monocytotropic
2933:Bacterial infections
2008:Semliki Forest virus
1488:Emerging Infect. Dis
1040:Emerging Infect. Dis
463:unpasteurised camel
255:Virus classification
3469:Tick-borne diseases
3347:Ornithodoros hermsi
3088:Colorado tick fever
2917:Tick-borne diseases
2555:Ebola virus disease
2219:Colorado tick fever
1974:O'nyong'nyong fever
1181:2014PLoSO...985564M
858:(4): iiiâiv. 2010.
848:"In the Literature"
635:on 6 September 2017
98:meningoencephalitis
2964:Human granulocytic
2767:Simian foamy virus
1566:2019-09-25 at the
1459:on 16 January 2019
1354:PLOS Negl Trop Dis
1277:Uppsala University
885:PLOS Negl Trop Dis
573:PLOS Negl Trop Dis
494:Ministry of Health
448:unpasteurized milk
190:a loss of appetite
176:Signs and symptoms
3456:
3455:
3394:Taxon identifiers
3385:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3318:Ixodes scapularis
3297:Ixodes holocyclus
3206:Species and bites
3185:
3184:
3172:Alpha-gal allergy
3064:
3063:
2955:Boutonneuse fever
2883:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2810:
2809:
2718:
2717:
2528:
2527:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2237:
2236:
2036:
2035:
1781:Rift Valley fever
1609:
1608:
1411:(12): 1882â1888.
1299:The Saudi Gazette
1123:(12): 1979â1982.
1090:. U.S. Government
989:. U.S. Government
963:. U.S. Government
937:. U.S. Government
390:
389:
137:
136:
113:Diagnostic method
72:Severe symptoms:
19:Medical condition
3481:
3449:
3448:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3389:
3304:Ixodes pacificus
3290:Ixodes cornuatus
3210:
3197:Tick infestation
3070:Viral infections
2938:
2929:
2919:and infestations
2910:
2903:
2896:
2887:
2821:
2731:
2541:
2350:
2339:
2314:Chandipura virus
2250:
2190:Orthomyxoviridae
2049:
1996:Ross River fever
1761:Bunyamwera fever
1677:
1666:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1613:
1574:
1550:
1521:
1511:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1428:
1405:Emerg Infect Dis
1396:
1390:
1389:
1379:
1369:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1319:
1313:
1301:, 13 Jan 2010,
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1252:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1202:
1192:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1140:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
994:
979:
973:
972:
970:
968:
953:
947:
946:
944:
942:
927:
921:
920:
910:
900:
876:
870:
869:
867:
844:
838:
837:
835:
833:
804:
795:
789:
788:
786:
784:
769:
763:
762:
734:
728:
727:
725:
723:
708:
699:
698:
696:
694:
679:
673:
672:
670:
668:
659:
651:
645:
644:
642:
640:
634:
628:. Archived from
623:
615:
609:
608:
598:
588:
564:
415:Royal Farm virus
400:, with a single
263:
262:
244:
232:
153:
94:Thrombocytopenia
22:
16:Species of virus
3489:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3444:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3396:
3386:
3377:
3359:
3323:
3273:
3244:
3201:
3181:
3155:
3137:
3060:
3042:
3014:
2920:
2914:
2884:
2871:
2851:
2816:
2806:
2781:
2751:
2725:
2714:
2677:
2652:Paramyxoviridae
2645:
2598:
2535:
2524:
2502:
2433:
2344:
2333:
2318:
2298:
2282:Pappataci fever
2275:Oropouche virus
2270:Oropouche fever
2244:
2233:
2203:
2183:
2101:
2073:Heartland virus
2043:
2032:
2012:
1984:Pogosta disease
1912:
1859:West Nile fever
1790:
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689:. US Government
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612:
579:(9): e0006707.
566:
565:
556:
551:
511:
456:
435:
423:
386:
374:
334:Amarillovirales
310:Kitrinoviricota
257:
235:Alkhurma virus
230:
178:
71:
55:Mild symptoms:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3487:
3485:
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3432:Alkhurma virus
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3167:Tick paralysis
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3002:rickettsialpox
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2014:
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1308:2014-01-19 at
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535:Mecca province
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384:Alkhurma virus
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216:, leukopenia,
202:disorientation
198:hallucinations
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174:
140:Alkhurma virus
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3083:Bourbon virus
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3048:Thiotrichales
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2736:Herpesviridae
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2097:Bhanja virus
2054:Bunyavirales
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1889:Yellow fever
1877:Dengue fever
1797:Flaviviridae
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1740:Tahyna virus
1705:Bwamba Fever
1682:Bunyavirales
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3251:Dermacentor
3020:Spirochaete
2546:Filoviridae
2368:Lassa fever
2264:Adria virus
1962:Chikungunya
1919:Togaviridae
1849:Usutu virus
1771:Ngari virus
1695:Batai virus
398:nucleotides
218:proteinuria
206:convulsions
186:muscle pain
30:Other names
3463:Categories
3151:Babesiosis
2974:E. ewingii
2858:Poxviridae
2788:Poxviridae
2708:SARS-CoV-2
2210:Reoviridae
2088:Tete virus
2019:Reoviridae
1901:Zika fever
1750:Tete virus
1648:(A80âB34,
1463:16 January
1333:16 January
1283:28 January
1094:16 January
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967:16 January
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832:20 January
783:16 January
722:20 January
693:16 January
667:10 October
639:19 January
549:References
502:H. rufipes
443:acaricides
358:Flavivirus
182:joint pain
122:Prevention
82:leukopenia
3215:Amblyomma
3056:Tularemia
2976:infection
2867:Monkeypox
1659:Arthropod
1013:MalaCards
531:A Khurmah
433:Treatment
421:Diagnosis
365:Species:
293:Kingdom:
286:Riboviria
210:epistaxis
130:Treatment
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3417:Q3560885
3411:Wikidata
2925:Diseases
2815:Multiple
2703:SARS-CoV
2693:MERS-CoV
1882:DENV-1-4
1670:Mosquito
1643:Zoonotic
1564:Archived
1547:11554750
1518:15890119
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1209:24516520
1169:PLOS ONE
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341:Family:
305:Phylum:
228:Taxonomy
69:vomiting
65:headache
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2817:vectors
2797:Tanapox
2746:B virus
2724:Primate
2243:Sandfly
2069:(CCHFV)
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1177:Bibcode
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908:3186760
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515:butcher
509:History
439:vaccine
353:Genus:
329:Order:
317:Class:
78:purpura
3446:172148
3280:Ixodes
2972:Human
2835:Rabies
2777:HTLV-2
2772:HTLV-1
2726:-borne
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