41:
156:(עֲלִימוּת) both used for youthfulness and its strength (distinct from post-Biblical Alimut אַלִּימוּת 'violence' with initial Aleph, although Klein's Dictionary states this latter root is likely a semantic derivation of the former, from 'strength of youth' to 'violence'). In the original Hebrew language an unrelated word,
100:, Marvin Alan Sweeney states that scholars agree that it refers to a woman of childbearing age but that it has nothing to do with whether she is a virgin or not. H.G.M. Williamson states that that precise etymology remains unclear, and that there is widespread agreement that
277:
differ: both begin by comparing the woman's acts to things the author claims are hard to predict: a bird flying in air, the movement of a snake over a rock, the path of a ship through the sea; but while the Hebrew concludes with the way of a man with an
196:
came to the well and he requested a drink of water from her, that should she then provide him with that drink and also water his camels; he would take that as a sign that she was to be the wife of Isaac. The word
239:
is to be played "on alamot". The musical meaning of this phrase has become lost with time: it may mean a feminine manner of singing or playing, such as a girls' choir, or an instrument made in the city of
116:
focuses too much on virginity versus sexual maturity. It occurs nine times in the Hebrew Bible and in every usage the word is either used for a woman who is indicated to be a virgin or as indeterminate.
132:
girls received value as potential wives and bearers of children: "A wife, who came into her husband's household as an outsider, contributed her labor and her fertility ... er task was to build up the
642:
1108:
1113:
330:'The Virgin Goddess') but still occasionally used by the Greeks for a unmarried woman who is not a virgin. Steve Moyise states that most scholars agree that Isaiah's phrase (
228:, is entrusted to watch the baby; she takes thoughtful action to reunite the baby with his mother by offering to bring the baby to a Hebrew nurse maid (her mother).
168:
occurs 51 times in the Hebrew scriptures, some scholars only see some occurrences as clearly meaning a virgin, and with Joel 1:8 being the most unlikely case.
104:
may refer to a virgin but not necessarily so. Brevard S. Childs states that, apart from one controversial reference (Proverbs 30:19), all the occasions of
243:
In a victory parade in Psalm 68:25, the participants are listed in order of appearance: 1) the singers; 2) the musicians; and 3) the "alamot" playing
346:
generically to indicate an unmarried young woman, whose probable virginity (as unmarried young women were ideally seen at the time) was incidental.
297:, is told of a sign to be given in demonstration that the prophet's promise of God's protection from his enemies is a true one. The sign is that an
213:
in
Genesis 24:43 and Genesis 24:16 of the same person (Rebekah) is because both terms carry the common semantic freight of femaleness and virginity.
342:
is an appropriate translation. In this verse, as in the
Genesis occurrence concerning Rebecca, the Septuagint translators used the Greek word
1076:
1013:
969:
948:
890:
608:
676:
262:
adore him. In chapter 6, verse 8, the glory of the female object of his love is favorably compared to 60 queens (wives of the king), 80
421:
1133:
1055:
901:
652:
618:
431:
1128:
1034:
992:
869:
831:
810:
686:
1123:
1118:
980:
322:(νεᾶνις) meaning 'young woman' however, two occurrences, one in Genesis 24:43 and one in Isaiah 7:14, are translated as
140:
refers to a woman of childbearing age without implying virginity. From the same root, the corresponding masculine word
859:
52:
108:
do actually appear to denote virgins, but while it is very unlikely that a married women would be referred to as an
89:
148:(used in plural עֲלוּמִים) used in the sense '(vigor of) adolescence', in addition to the post-Biblical words
1103:
28:
301:
is pregnant and will give birth to a son who will still be very young when these enemies will be destroyed.
710:
93:
802:
Resurrecting the
Brother of Jesus: The James Ossuary Controversy and the Quest for Religious Relics
929:
921:
613:(Volume II ed.). Grand Rapids, Mich: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 341.
1072:
1066:
1051:
1030:
1024:
1009:
988:
965:
944:
886:
865:
827:
806:
799:
Byrne, Ryan (2009). "Anatomy of a Cargo Cult". In Byrne, Ryan; McNary-Zak, Bernadette (eds.).
682:
648:
644:
Dictionary of daily life in biblical & post-biblical antiquity: complete in one volume A-Z
614:
427:
97:
1003:
959:
880:
842:
938:
913:
327:
294:
128:
derives from a root meaning "to be full of vigour, to have reached puberty". In the ancient
92:
word meaning a young woman ripe for marriage. Despite its importance to the account of the
40:
60:
858:
Gravett, Sandra L.; Bohmbach, Karla G.; Greifenhagen, F.V.; Polaski, Donald C. (2008).
334:) did not intend to convey any miraculous conception, yet, considering other uses of
1097:
925:
255:
44:
20:
32:
24:
1045:
821:
800:
535:
205:, is used during the events themselves. Dr. Phillip Goble states that the use of
1047:
Faithful
Renderings: Jewish-Christian Difference and the Politics of Translation
1005:
Faithful
Renderings: Jewish-Christian Difference and the Politics of Translation
326:(παρθένος), the basic word associated with virginity in Greek (it is a title of
286:
273:
In
Proverbs 30:19, concerning an adulterous wife, the Hebrew text and the Greek
917:
311:
274:
263:
248:
136:
bearing children, particularly sons" (Leeb, 2002). Scholars thus agree that
129:
1071:. International Critical Commentary. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 152.
232:
937:
MacLachlan, Bonnie (2007). MacLachlan, Bonnie; Fletcher, Judith (eds.).
160:(בְּתוּלָה), best refers to a virgin, as well as the idea of virginity,
583:
559:
502:
478:
258:
1:3 contains a poetic chant of praise to a man, declaring that all the
189:
185:
48:
420:
Rydelnik, Michael; Vanlaningham, Michael G., eds. (February 1, 2014).
217:
770:
236:
225:
39:
503:"Strong's Hebrew: 5934. עֲלוּם (alumim) -- youth, youthful vigor"
843:"Art. I. -- The Virgin Birth -- Its Expectation and Publication"
290:
244:
983:. In Botterweck, Gerhard Johannes; Ringgren, Helmer (eds.).
940:
Virginity
Revisited: Configurations of the Unpossessed Body
584:"Strong's Hebrew: 1331. בְּתוּלִים (bethulim) -- virginity"
1026:
560:"Strong's Hebrew: 1330. בְּתוּלָה (bethulah) -- a virgin"
338:, Moyise allows that context can sometimes suggest that
861:
188:, seeking a wife for his son, Issac, retells how he met
525:
Even-Shoshan
Dictionary, entries עַלְמוּת and עֲלִימוּת
403:
401:
399:
362:
360:
358:
282:, the Greek reads "and the way of a man in his youth".
270:, and in the next verse she is stated to be undefiled.
479:"Strong's Hebrew: 5958. עָ֫לֶם (elem) -- a young man"
144:עֶלֶם 'young man' also appears in the Bible, as does
88:), from a root implying the vigour of puberty, is a
678:The Orthodox Jewish Bible (Old and New Testaments)
607:Botterweck, Ringgren; Johannes, Helmer G. (1999).
1068:Isaiah 6-12: A Critical and Exegetical Commentary
201:is only used during the retelling; another word,
192:. He says that he prayed to the Lord that if an
782:
1109:Christianity and Judaism related controversies
961:Was the Birth of Jesus According to Scripture?
641:Yamauchi, Edwin M.; Wilson, Marvin R. (2016).
8:
1114:Hebrew words and phrases in the Hebrew Bible
985:Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament
610:Theological dictionary of the Old Testament
332:a young woman shall conceive and bear a son
943:. University of Toronto Press. p. 7.
746:
390:
902:"The widow: homeless and post-menopausal"
681:. New York, NY: Afi Intl Pub. p. 9.
231:In 1 Chronicles 15:20 and the heading to
841:Fletcher Steele, Wilbur (January 1892).
675:Goble, Dr. Phillip (January 31, 2003).
465:
378:
354:
180:occurs nine times in the Hebrew Bible:
805:. University of North Carolina Press.
758:
734:
366:
885:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 78.
407:
7:
453:
879:Grindheim, Sigurd (14 March 2013).
853:. G. Lane & P. B. Sandford: 24.
14:
964:. Wipf and Stock. p. PT95.
426:. Chicago IL: Moody Publishers.
1050:. University of Chicago Press.
1029:. William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co.
1008:. University of Chicago Press.
979:Preuss, Horst Dietrich (1974).
864:. Westminster John Knox Press.
826:. Westminster John Knox Press.
314:translates most occurrences of
647:. Peabody, Mass: Hendrickson.
1:
882:Introducing Biblical Theology
536:.1 "Klein Dictionary, אלם 1"
164:(בְּתוּלִים). However, while
55:. Rebecca is described as an
184:In Genesis 24 a servant of
121:Etymology and social context
1065:Williamson, H.G.M. (2018).
1023:Sweeney, Marvin A. (1996).
224:, the sister of the infant
53:Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini
1150:
918:10.1177/014610790203200403
906:Biblical Theology Bulletin
820:Childs, Brevard S (2001).
423:The Moody Bible Commentary
18:
1134:Women in the Hebrew Bible
987:. Vol. I. Eerdmans.
266:, as well as innumerable
81:
73:
1129:Linguistic controversies
19:Not to be confused with
1044:Seidman, Naomi (2006).
1002:Seidman, Naomi (2010).
285:The verses surrounding
29:Almah (Egyptian dancer)
958:Moyise, Steve (2013).
456:, p. unspecified.
112:yet translating it as
64:
1124:Virgin birth of Jesus
1119:Christian terminology
711:"Clarke's Commentary"
94:virgin birth of Jesus
43:
783:Fletcher Steele 1892
318:into a generic word
900:Leeb, C.S. (2002).
771:Gravett et al. 2008
381:, pp. 161–162.
65:
1078:978-0-567-67928-4
1015:978-0-226-74507-7
971:978-1-62189-673-9
950:978-0-8020-9013-3
892:978-0-567-32105-3
306:Greek translation
98:Gospel of Matthew
1141:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1061:
1040:
1019:
998:
975:
954:
933:
928:. Archived from
896:
875:
854:
847:Methodist Review
837:
816:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
761:, p. 95,96.
756:
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51:at the well, by
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978:
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747:MacLachlan 2007
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729:
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715:studylight.org/
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391:Williamson 2018
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174:
152:(עַלְמוּת) and
123:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1147:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1104:Book of Isaiah
1096:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1077:
1062:
1057:978-0226745053
1056:
1041:
1035:
1020:
1014:
999:
993:
976:
970:
955:
949:
934:
932:on 2013-01-03.
912:(4): 160–162.
897:
891:
876:
870:
855:
838:
832:
817:
811:
795:
793:
790:
788:
787:
775:
763:
751:
739:
737:, p. 461.
727:
709:Clarke, Adam.
701:
687:
667:
654:978-1619701458
653:
633:
620:978-0802823267
619:
599:
575:
551:
527:
518:
494:
470:
468:, p. 161.
458:
446:
433:978-0802428677
432:
412:
410:, p. 155.
395:
393:, p. 152.
383:
371:
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351:
348:
307:
304:
303:
302:
293:, the king of
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241:
229:
214:
173:
172:Biblical usage
170:
122:
119:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1036:9780802841001
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994:9780802823250
990:
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871:9780664230302
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852:
848:
844:
839:
835:
833:9780664221430
829:
825:
824:
818:
814:
812:9780807895498
808:
804:
803:
797:
796:
791:
785:, p. 24.
784:
779:
776:
773:, p. 72.
772:
767:
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760:
755:
752:
748:
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688:9780939341030
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372:
369:, p. 66.
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256:Song of Songs
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216:In Exodus 2,
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50:
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42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
21:Almah (album)
1082:. Retrieved
1067:
1046:
1025:
1004:
984:
960:
939:
930:the original
909:
905:
881:
860:
850:
846:
822:
801:
792:Bibliography
778:
766:
754:
749:, p. 7.
742:
730:
718:. Retrieved
714:
704:
692:. Retrieved
677:
670:
658:. Retrieved
643:
636:
624:. Retrieved
609:
602:
591:. Retrieved
588:biblehub.com
587:
578:
567:. Retrieved
564:biblehub.com
563:
554:
543:. Retrieved
539:
530:
521:
510:. Retrieved
507:biblehub.com
506:
497:
486:. Retrieved
483:biblehub.com
482:
473:
466:Sweeney 1996
461:
449:
437:. Retrieved
422:
415:
386:
379:Sweeney 1996
374:
343:
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85:
77:
68:
67:
66:
56:
37:
33:Alma, Israel
25:Almah (band)
759:Moyise 2013
735:Preuss 1974
720:27 November
694:27 November
367:Childs 2001
287:Isaiah 7:14
249:tambourines
16:Hebrew word
1098:Categories
660:2 December
626:2 December
593:2020-08-02
569:2020-08-02
545:2020-08-02
512:2020-08-01
488:2020-08-01
408:Byrne 2009
350:References
312:Septuagint
275:Septuagint
264:concubines
240:"Alameth".
80:, plural:
926:169057204
849:. Fifth.
454:Leeb 2002
344:parthenos
324:parthenos
289:tell how
176:The word
130:Near East
981:"Isaiah"
233:Psalm 46
84:
82:עֲלָמוֹת
76:
439:15 June
245:cymbals
211:betulah
203:hanaara
190:Rebecca
186:Abraham
166:betulah
162:betulim
158:betulah
134:bet 'ab
96:in the
86:‘ălāmōṯ
74:עַלְמָה
61:Genesis
49:Rebecca
1084:8 July
1075:
1054:
1033:
1012:
991:
968:
947:
924:
889:
868:
830:
823:Isaiah
809:
685:
651:
617:
430:
340:virgin
328:Athena
320:neanis
268:alamot
260:alamot
235:, the
218:Miriam
154:alimut
114:virgin
90:Hebrew
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922:S2CID
336:almah
316:almah
299:almah
295:Judah
280:almah
237:psalm
226:Moses
222:almah
220:, an
207:almah
199:almah
194:almah
178:almah
150:almut
138:almah
126:Almah
110:almah
106:almah
102:almah
78:‘almā
69:Almah
57:almah
45:Laban
31:; or
1086:2023
1073:ISBN
1052:ISBN
1031:ISBN
1010:ISBN
989:ISBN
966:ISBN
945:ISBN
887:ISBN
866:ISBN
851:VIII
828:ISBN
807:ISBN
722:2023
696:2023
683:ISBN
662:2023
649:ISBN
628:2023
615:ISBN
441:2023
428:ISBN
310:The
291:Ahaz
254:The
209:and
146:alum
142:elem
47:and
914:doi
247:or
1100::
920:.
910:32
908:.
904:.
845:.
713:.
586:.
562:.
538:.
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398:^
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1060:.
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35:.
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