Altar (Catholic Church) - Knowledge (XXG)

3479: 3290: 3453: 3993:. "When Christians in fourth-century Rome could first freely begin to build churches, they customarily located the sanctuary at the west end of the building in imitation of the sanctuary of the Jerusalem Temple. Although in the days of the Jerusalem Temple the high priest indeed faced east when sacrificing on Yom Kippur, the sanctuary within which he stood was located at the west end of the Temple. The Christian replication of the layout and orientation of the Jerusalem Temple helped to dramatize the eschatological meaning attached to the sacrificial death of Jesus the High Priest in the Epistle to the Hebrews." 3722:(Fourth Sunday of Lent), solemnities, and feasts are exceptions. Floral decoration should always show moderation and placed around the altar rather than on its mensa. Only what is required for the celebration of the Mass may be placed on the mensa of the altar: namely, from the beginning of the celebration until the proclamation of the Gospel, the Book of the Gospels; then from the Presentation of the Gifts until the purification of the vessels, the chalice with the paten, a ciborium, if necessary, and, finally, the corporal, the purificator, the pall, and the Missal." 2847: 126: 3077: 20: 3614: 3139: 3565: 3630: 3227: 2693: 3699:. In the last case, the seventh candle was not lit if the bishop was celebrating outside his own diocese. There were also rules, developed over centuries, about the material from which the candlesticks were to be made and about the relative heights of the candles. Candles appear not to have been placed on the altar before the twelfth century, but earlier writings speak of 3524:. In these the fixed central panel is flanked by two or more hinged panels, which can be moved to hide the central painting and the paintings on the side-panels themselves, leaving visible only the reverse of the side-panels, which are usually relatively plain. They can then be opened to display the images on feastdays. According to the number of panels, these are called 2783: 3170: 3771:

only one, be irremovable, be made of solid and inviolable material that is not transparent, and be locked in such a way that the danger of profanation is prevented to the greatest extent possible. Moreover, it is appropriate that before it is put into liturgical use, the tabernacle be blessed according to the rite described in the Roman Ritual.

3548:: "Out of reverence for the celebration of the memorial of the Lord and for the banquet in which the Body and Blood of the Lord are offered, there should be, on an altar where this is celebrated, there should be at least one white cloth, its shape, size, and decoration in keeping with the altar’s design." The pre-1969 regulations prescribed 3582:

solemn occasions. Its origin was thought to have derived from the curtains or veils of silk or other precious material hanging over the open space under the altar table to preserve the shrine of saints deposited there. In the Middle Ages a similar function was performed by an "altar stole", an ornament in the shape of the ends of a

2965:). Since wood is subject to decay, the baser metals to corrosion, and the more precious metals were too expensive, stone became in course of time the ordinary material for an altar. The earliest decree of a council prescribing that an altar which is to be consecrated should be of stone is that of the provincial council of Epeaune ( 3379: 3105:

contain also three grains of incense and a small attestation of consecration on a piece of parchment. In an altar stone, the relics were inserted directly, without a reliquary. There were precise rules also about where exactly in the altar the relics were to be placed and about the stone cover for the cavity.

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An odd number was always chosen. Since it was considered proper to use the right foot in taking a first step, this ensured that the priest, having ascended the first of the steps with his right foot would also enter the predella (the platform or footpace on which the altar stood) with his right foot.

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adds: "Such relics should be of a size sufficient for them to be recognized as parts of human bodies; hence excessively small relics of one or more saints must not be placed beneath the altar. The greatest care must be taken to determine whether the relics in question are authentic; it is better for

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The churches that Christians built after the legalization of their religion in the Roman Empire were not modelled on pagan temples, which were not intended to accommodate large numbers of people. The model used was that of the public basilicas that served for meetings such as sessions of law courts.

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points out that the celebration of the Eucharist is "the principal and the most ancient part of the whole rite, because the celebration of the eucharist is in the closest harmony with the rite of the dedication of a church", and "the eucharist, which sanctifies the hearts of those who receive it, in

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In accordance with the structure of each church and legitimate local customs, the Most Blessed Sacrament "should be reserved in a tabernacle in a part of the church that is truly noble, prominent, readily visible, beautifully decorated, and suitable for prayer." The tabernacle should usually be the

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or altar frontal, terms often applied also to sculptural or other ornamentation of the altar front itself. It covered the whole front of the altar, partial coverings being forbidden. It was obligatory unless the altar front was particularly artistic, and even in such cases it should be used on more

3166:, and the other ministers exercise their offices. It should suitably be marked off from the body of the church either by its being somewhat elevated or by a particular structure and ornamentation. It should, however, be large enough to allow the Eucharist to be celebrated properly and easily seen." 3104:

for 'tomb'). The relics could be of several saints, but two had to be martyrs until 1906, when the Congregation of Rites decided that it was sufficient to enclose relics of two canonized saints of whom one was a martyr. The relics were placed in a reliquary of lead, silver, or gold, large enough to

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When the altar is not used for a liturgical service, the altar cloths may be protected against being stained or soiled by placing over them an altar protector or altar cover made of cloth, baize or velvet large enough to hang down a little on all sides. This is known as the vesperale or stragulum.

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times, elaborate rules were developed not only about the number of steps, but also about the material used, the height of each step, the breadth of the tread, the covering with carpets or rugs (both of which were to be removed from the stripping of the altars on Holy Thursday until just before the

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In ancient churches in which the altar is built over the tomb of a saint or over the relics that have been placed there, a niche below the altar offered a view of the tomb or reliquary and allowed the faithful to touch it and to place in contact with it that would then be venerated as second-class

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walls so as to form an arch-like niche. Both in the catacombs and in the above-ground churches the altar could also be a square or oblong block of stone resting on one or more columns (up to six) or on a masonry structure that enclosed the relics of martyrs. Instead of masonry, upright stone slabs

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distinguishes between the "table" of an altar (the top) and the supports or base. The latter, provided it is dignified and solid, may be of any material. On the other hand, "in keeping with the Church’s traditional practice and with what the altar signifies, the table of a fixed altar should be of

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While only two lighted candles are now obligatory and may be placed beside the altar rather than on it, the pre-1969 rubrics (which did not envisage the candles being brought in the Entrance procession) required that they be on the altar itself (in practice, however, they were often placed on the

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liturgy, before the reforms of the second half of the twentieth century, had complex rules about a distinction between a "fixed altar" and a "portable altar". The former term then meant an altar table (the top slab) with its supports, all of which had been consecrated as a single unit, while the

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The candlesticks consist of five principal parts: the foot, the stem, the knob, the bowl to catch drippings, and the pricket on which the candle is placed. Altar candlesticks may be made of any material suitable for candlesticks, with the exception that silvered candlesticks may not be used on

2843:. In the East, early churches had the altar at the east end and the priest, facing east, stood at the western side of the altar, with his back to the people and the doors. This later became the common practice also in western Europe. It was adopted in Rome only in the 8th or 9th century. 2742:

in a sacred place such as a church is to take place on an altar, which ought to be a fixed one, "since it more clearly and permanently signifies Christ Jesus, the living stone". However, outside a sacred place, it may take place on a suitable table, always with the use of a

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an altar to be dedicated without relics than to have relics of doubtful authenticity placed beneath it. A reliquary must not be placed upon the altar or set into the table of the altar; it must be placed beneath the table of the altar, as the design of the altar permits."

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the altar, it became customary to add to the edge of altars one or more steps, slightly higher than the altar itself, on which to place the crucifix, candlesticks, flowers, reliquaries, and other ornaments. These adjuncts became common when, in the sixteenth century,

3337:. Some later churches without a ciborium hung a curtain on the wall behind the altar, with two curtain-bearing rods extending at the sides of the altar. From at latest the 4th century, the altar was covered from the view of the congregation at points during Mass by 3576:

When in the period immediately preceding the late twentieth century altars were generally built attached to or close to a wall, it became customary to cover with drapery the front of the altar, the only part visible to the congregation. This drapery was called the

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It is more appropriate as a sign that on an altar on which Mass is celebrated there not be a tabernacle in which the Most Holy Eucharist is reserved. Consequently, it is preferable that the tabernacle be located, according to the judgement of the Diocesan Bishop:

2835:– 253). Churches were generally built with an east–west axis. In the earliest churches in Rome the altar stood at the west end and the priest stood at the western side of the altar facing east and facing the people and the doors of the church. Examples are the 2981:

authorizes the use of another material (such as wood) that is dignified, solid and well-crafted. "A movable altar may be constructed of any noble and solid material suited to liturgical use, according to the traditions and usages of the different regions." In

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the floral decoration of the altar should be marked by a moderation suited to the character of this time of year, without expressing prematurely the full joy of the Nativity of the Lord. During Lent it is forbidden for the altar to be decorated with flowers.

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white altar cloths, the topmost being long enough to reach the ground at both ends. 19th and early 20th-century regulations required that the cloths be of linen or hemp and not of any other material, even if of equivalent or higher quality.

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ordered the churches of his diocese of Rome to put the tabernacle on some altars. Whether on the main altar of the church or in a special chapel, the tabernacle became more and more large and ornate, to the extent of dominating the altar.

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in the Vatican. It is now approached by descending steps, since the present floor is considerably higher than that of the original basilica. Other churches also have in front of the altar a similar semicircular hollow area, known as the

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Usually an altar should be fixed and ritually dedicated, but a mere blessing is sufficient for a movable altar. In a church a fixed altar is appropriate, but in other places set aside for sacred celebrations the altar may be movable.

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An altarpiece may be a single painting or a composition of several panels placed side by side. Especially in the latter case, a series of smaller-scale paintings may act as a kind of base for the main images. This base is called the

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In medieval churches the altar, no longer standing between priest and people, grew considerably in size. The bishop's seat was moved to one side and the elaborate altar was placed against, or at least close to, the wall of the apse.

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usually consist of four columns topped by a pyramidal or gabled roof. On some, rods between the columns indicate that they were provided with curtains that could be closed at certain points of the liturgy, as is the custom in the

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a sense consecrates the altar and the place of celebration, as the ancient Fathers of the Church often assert: 'This altar should be an object of awe: by nature it is stone, but it is made holy when it receives the body of Christ.

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In addition, it was customary to place directly on the altar, beneath the three obligatory altar cloths, a cloth waxed on one side that was called the chrismale or cere cloth and that served to keep the altar cloths dry.

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states that "the practice of the deposition of relics of Saints, even those not Martyrs, under the altar to be dedicated is fittingly retained. Care should be taken, however, to ensure the authenticity of such relics."

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did not envisage placing the tabernacle on an altar: it laid down instead that the altar card containing some of the principal prayers of the Mass should rest against a cross placed midway on the altar

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could be used, thus forming, with the top slab, a stone chest containing the relics. This no doubt brought about both a change of form, from that of a simple table to that of a chest or tomb.

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is normally a quite large altarpiece placed on the ground between the altar and the wall and can include paintings or sculptures and may even hold stands for flowers and candlesticks. A

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Instead of a four-column ciborium a movable canopy (called a tester) was in some churches suspended from the ceiling above the altar or a fixed canopy attached to the wall was employed.

67:, the priest first of all reverences the altar with a kiss and only after that goes to the chair at which he presides over the Introductory Rites and the Liturgy of the Word. Except in 3341:

hanging from rods supported by a ciborium, riddel posts, or some other arrangement. This practice declined as the introduction of other structures that screened the altar, such as the

3255:: "The number of steps in front should always be odd, since, in that case, the right foot, which begins the ascent, will be that which first alights on the landing of the temple." The 3972: 2103: 3426:

were added to altars, requiring that most of the altars concerned be provided with these superstructures, which are known as altar ledges, degrees, gradini or superstructural steps.

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should be placed at the foot of the cross. It stated also that "nothing whatever unrelated to the sacrifice of the Mass and the adornment of the altar itself is to be placed on it".

6566: 4666: 3475:, which for the most part were then placed close to a wall or attached to it were often backed by a painting or sculpture that visually seemed to form a single unit with the altar. 2093: 3780:

either in the sanctuary, apart from the altar of celebration, in an appropriate form and place, not excluding its being positioned on an old altar no longer used for celebration;

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or even in some chapel suitable for the private adoration and prayer of the faithful and organically connected to the church and readily noticeable by the Christian faithful.

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of the same pre-1969 period speak of the placing of flowers (even good-quality artificial ones) in vases between the candlesticks on the altar. The present rule is: "During

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Within the catacomb crypts the Eucharist could be celebrated on a stone slab placed over the grave or sarcophagus of one or more martyrs within a space hollowed out of the

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In accordance with traditional custom, near the tabernacle a special lamp, fueled by oil or wax, should shine permanently to indicate the presence of Christ and honour it.

3517:(not to be confused with the same term when used of the platform on which the altar sits), and may illustrate episodes in the life of the saint whom the altar celebrates. 3509:, a term often reserved instead for an ornamental cloth hanging behind the altar. A painting or a mosaic on the wall can serve the same purpose as a removable altarpiece. 3055:

The practice of celebrating the Eucharist over the graves of martyrs is probably the origin of the rule that demanded that every altar must contain the relics of martyrs.

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Later, the number of steps was increased. It became the norm that the main altar of a church should be raised above the level of the sanctuary by three steps, while

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or presbytery, as well as being elevated above the floor level of the rest of the church, is often, though less frequently than in the past, demarcated by

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The earliest altars for celebrating the Christian Eucharist were of wood and identical in form with ordinary house tables, as was doubtless used at the

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Even within an elevated sanctuary, the altar itself is often placed on a higher platform set off by one or more steps. The platform is known as the

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carrying candlesticks, which, however, they placed on the floor of the sanctuary or near the corners of the altar, as is still the custom in the

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In early times, before the break-up of the Roman Empire exposed such objects to sacking and looting, the consecrated bread of the Eucharist (the

4285: 3360:) was kept in a gold or silver dove, sometimes enclosed in a silver tower, suspended by fine chains from the ciborium that sheltered the altar. 6485: 3143: 1674: 840: 650: 186: 4010: 2271: 1890: 1566: 1513: 656: 6403: 5470: 3604: 300: 2790:, as arranged in 1700. The altar is at the west end of the church. Historically, the priest, looking east, faced the altar and the people. 6465: 6338: 5202: 5192: 1611: 1536: 5701: 1548: 1155: 852: 3505:

is normally placed on the altar itself or on a stand behind it or may be attached to the wall. Such an artwork is sometimes called a

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celebrates, then seven candlesticks with lighted candles should be used. The candles may also be carried in the procession at the

3410:, a cross should be placed in the middle of the altar, flanked by at least two candlesticks with lit candles, and that the central 4649: 3638: 6264: 5264: 3174: 3127: 2714: 2247: 972: 903: 356: 142: 76: 4420: 3979: 3490:

There has been no church legislation on these artworks, which vary enormously in form. The terminology, too, is somewhat fluid.

2770:(257–259) was the first to prescribe that Mass should be celebrated on an altar, and that there are accounts according to which 3461: 2219: 1841: 1601: 1504: 1307: 1145: 1083: 857: 363: 102:, the same word (βωμός in Greek) is used for an altar (in general) and for the area surrounding it; that is to say, the entire 5876: 5866: 5360: 4749: 2584: 1806: 377: 370: 4221: 6433: 6375: 4206: 2597: 1811: 1751: 1606: 1449: 1150: 573: 350: 2875:

and his clergy; the faithful occupied the centre and the side aisles, and between the clergy and people stood the altar.

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celebrated Mass on his breast whilst in prison (312), and Theodore, Bishop of Tyre on the hands of his deacons.

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These were generally spacious, and the interior was divided by two or four rows of pillars, forming a central

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In earlier centuries minute portions of relics were inserted into the table of the altar and also into the

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had a single step. The papal altar in St Peter's Basilica in the Vatican is approached by seven steps.

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reproves the Donatists for breaking up and using for firewood the altars of the Catholic churches, and

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reports that Bishop Maximianus was beaten with the wood of the altar under which he had taken refuge.

106:. To refer unambiguously to the altar itself the terms "Holy Table" (Greek Ἁγία Τράπεζα) or "Throne" ( 6534: 6522: 6105: 5816: 5587: 5400: 5353: 5230: 5216: 5177: 4926: 4819: 3696: 3430: 3310: 2983: 2978: 2871:, with seats for the magistrates. In basilica-style Christian churches the apse was reserved for the 2479: 2440: 2214: 2165: 2074: 2034: 1679: 1543: 1432: 1426: 1413: 1265: 1259: 1140: 956: 910: 788: 624: 432: 390: 4635: 3877: 3096:

that at that time were called movable altars. The cavity into which they were placed was called the

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Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal

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the usage is likely to have preceded Pope Felix and to have concerned the celebration of

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The front of these steps was sometimes painted and decorated. Thus the gradini of

4469:, Rubricae generales Missalis, XX – De praeparatione Altaris et Ornamentorum ejus 4097:. Vol. V. Societas Typographica Librorum Ecclesiasticorum. p. col. 771. 4092: 6333: 6247: 6190: 5925: 5709: 5627: 5612: 5572: 5534: 5460: 5302: 4836: 4830: 4814: 4396:

Rubricae generales Missalis, XX – De Praeparatione Altaris, et Ornamentorum ejus

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Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life

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In the 21st century the altar in a Catholic church is generally left visible.

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21st-century altars are generally freestanding and have no superstructures.

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in the West, meant that the congregation could barely see the altar anyway.

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Although the Roman Missal thus spoke of the cross and the candlesticks as

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Use of some such canopy over every altar was decreed in documents of the

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The usage of celebrating the Eucharist on the tombs of martyrs is by the

2199: 1982: 1761: 1739: 987: 794: 59:, is to be the focus of attention in the church. At the beginning of the 5831: 5811: 5637: 5582: 5529: 5509: 5343: 5151: 5147: 5052: 5036: 5005: 4889: 4618: 4583: 4541: 4449: 4236: 4157: 4145: 4107: 3902: 3890: 3851: 3656: 3502: 3498: 3457: 3321: 3215: 3182: 3169: 3020:: the solemn celebration of the martyrs took place in the above-ground 2966: 2296: 1629: 1401: 1387: 1170: 1132: 1094: 666: 566: 328: 28: 2944:(461–468) presented several altars of silver to the churches of Rome. 2936:, presented an altar of gold to the Basilica of Constantinople. Popes 5898: 5762: 5577: 5514: 5455: 5407: 5385: 5083: 5048: 5041: 3714: 3506: 3163: 2924:) gave golden altars ornamented with precious stones to the original 2895:

church in Rome. A tradition that lacks convincing evidence says that

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in the style of Catholic churches of the 19th and early 20th century

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period, but the decrees were generally ignored even in that period.

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Early Christians faced east at prayer, a practice witnessed to by

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Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law

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began to be placed on altars in the sixteenth century. The 1570

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The same rule applied to pre-Christian temples, as indicated by

3028: 2868: 2860: 1242: 4662: 4386:(Read Books 2013, reprint of work originally published in 1948) 3150:

According to the General Instruction of the Roman Missal: "The

2887:. The only such ancient wooden table still preserved is in the 5781: 5664: 3122:, even if the altar is not built over a holy tomb, as in the 3043:

or any altar table consecrated separately from its supports.

4643:, Catholic Bishops’ Conference of England and Wales, 2011 3402:, whose use was made generally obligatory throughout the 3277:

Mass on Holy Saturday morning, and the carpet alone at a

2867:. At the end was a raised platform, often situated in an 2961:) speaks of the consecration of an altar made of stone ( 4423:

The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture

2104:

List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church

2094:

List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church

4040:

Maurice Hassett, "History of the Christian Altar" in

3016:

privately in the underground cemeteries known as the

2977:

stone and indeed of natural stone", except where the

75:

remains at the altar the whole time after saying the

3544:, the altar should be covered by at least one white 2099:

List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church

6326: 6230: 6104: 5960: 5891: 5854: 5845: 5771: 5700: 5553: 5436: 5336: 5311: 5113: 4986: 4949: 4942: 4914: 4845: 4795: 4748: 4704: 3730:. They may never be used for funeral celebrations. 3924:Augustine Joseph Schulte, "Altar (in Liturgy)" in 3651:(1969): "On or next to the altar are to be placed 6154:Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology 4608:. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 4349:Mauro Piacenza, "The casing of the Eucharist" in 3305:(a word of which "civory" is a variant form) or 3210:As well as the altar, the sanctuary contains the 1127:Matrimonial Nullity Trial Reforms of Pope Francis 233:Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis 3621:with lighted candles for a regular Sunday Mass ( 3203:The altar may also be marked with a surmounting 2990:) the use of stone, wood or metal is permitted. 2891:, and fragments of another are preserved in the 1790:Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church 4425:(Oxford University Press 2012), Volume 1, p. 44 4170:Edward McNamara, "Liturgy: Relics in the Altar" 4094:Sacrosancta concilia ad regiam editionem exacta 4071:"Church Fathers: Letter 185:27 (St. Augustine)" 3768: 3154:is the place where the altar stands, where the 4497:Augustin Joseph Schulte, "Altar Protector" in 3756:De Praeparatione Altaris, et Ornamentorum eius 2303:Beatification and canonization process in 1914 55:The altar, typically centrally located in the 6567:Sacred places and times in Catholic canon law 5465: 4674: 4334:Augustine Joseph Schulte, "Altar Curtain" in 4003:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2763:is traditional and customary, but optional. 2715: 8: 4554:Augustin Joseph Schulte, "Altar Candles" in 4512:Augustin Joseph Schulte, "Altar Frontal" in 3281:), and the colour and design of the carpet. 706:Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite 4637:The General Instruction of the Roman Missal 4619:The General Instruction of the Roman Missal 4584:The General Instruction of the Roman Missal 4542:The General Instruction of the Roman Missal 4482:Augustin Joseph Schulte, "Altar Cloths" in 4450:The General Instruction of the Roman Missal 4367:Augustin Joseph Schulte, "Altar Canopy" in 4237:The General Instruction of the Roman Missal 4181:Augustin Joseph Schulte, "Altar Cavity" in 4158:The General Instruction of the Roman Missal 4146:The General Instruction of the Roman Missal 4120:Johann Peter Kirsch, "Pope St. Felix I" in 4108:The General Instruction of the Roman Missal 3903:The General Instruction of the Roman Missal 3891:The General Instruction of the Roman Missal 3852:The General Instruction of the Roman Missal 2171:Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura 6006:Communion and the developmentally disabled 5851: 4946: 4842: 4745: 4681: 4667: 4659: 4406:Augustin Joseph Schulte, "Altar Ledge" in 4035: 4033: 3301:A canopy placed over an altar is called a 2722: 2708: 2575:Canonical erection of a house of religious 2186:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 120: 4569:Augustin Joseph Schulte, "Altar Vase" in 4477: 4475: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3687:celebrated by a bishop, four or six at a 677:Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful 5391:Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion 4651:The Biblical Roots of Church Orientation 4323:Encyclopædia Britannica, art. "Baldachin 4209:History of the Liturgy: The Major Stages 3841:Edward McNamara, "Central Focus at Mass" 3451: 3317:is the most famous of these structures. 2841:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 1617:Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts 6280:General Instruction of the Roman Missal 5872:General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII 3818: 3734:Tabernacle sometimes placed on an altar 3648:General Instruction of the Roman Missal 3060:General Instruction of the Roman Missal 713:General Instruction of the Roman Missal 141: 84:Dedication of a church and of the altar 3144:Church of San Giovanni Battista, Mogno 3109:relics. The best known example is the 3039:latter term meant the (usually small) 651:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches 187:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches 4362: 4360: 4318: 4316: 3532:(if the panels are more than three). 2272:Congregation for the Causes of Saints 1567:Delegata potestas non potest delegari 1514:Association of the Christian faithful 657:Eastern Canonical Reforms of Pius XII 98:and some other languages used in the 7: 4384:Churches - Their Plan and Furnishing 3605:Triple candlestick (Catholic Church) 3586:attached to the front of the altar. 3497:" is applied very widely to them. A 2430:Journals and Professional Societies 2162:(tribunals & ministers/parties) 6466:Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII 6339:Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition 3864:Dedication of a Church and an Altar 3828:"Modern Catholic Dictionary: Altar" 3637:celebrated by the diocesan bishop ( 4135:1917 Code of Canon Law, canon 1197 3766:The present rules are as follows: 3024:built over their place of burial. 3004:ascribed, probably mistakenly, to 2899:celebrated the Eucharist on both. 2837:Constantinian St. Peter's Basilica 2766:Augustin Joseph Schulte says that 1254:Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures 14: 6496:Sacraments of the Catholic Church 4596:Schulte, Augustin Joseph (1907). 4527:Joseph Schulte, "Altar Stole" in 4260:The Papal Altar & Baldacchino 3990: 3683:instead) and should be four at a 3482:Late Gothic triptych over altar, 4722:After the Second Vatican Council 4602:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 3207:, sometimes called a baldachin. 3128:Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore 2691: 1651:Resignation of the Roman Pontiff 904:Approbation (Catholic canon law) 357:Collectiones canonum Dionysianae 124: 77:Prayers at the Foot of the Altar 5094:Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed 3293:Ciborium over the altar of the 1842:Incardination and excardination 1505:Types of membership of Opus Dei 1238:Supreme authority of the Church 858:Impediment (Catholic canon law) 364:Collectio canonum quadripartita 5877:General Roman Calendar of 1960 5867:General Roman Calendar of 1954 4211:(Liturgical Press 2016), p. 76 4013:), article "westward position" 4005:(Oxford University Press 2005 3520:Some altarpieces are known as 3218:and the seats for the clergy. 2972:The present discipline of the 2932:(398 or 399 – 453), sister of 2399:Legal practice and scholarship 2308:Election of the Roman Pontiff 2134:Lifetime of prayer and penance 1090:Canonical form (Latin Church) 378:Collectio canonum Wigorniensis 371:Collectio canonum Quesnelliana 1: 6434:Fourth Council of the Lateran 3175:St. Teresa's Carmelite Church 3158:is proclaimed, and where the 2951: 2914: 2829: 2814: 2799: 2598:Institute of consecrated life 574:Apostolicae Sedis moderationi 543: 447: 351:Collections of ancient canons 313: 6383:Dicastery for Divine Worship 6080:Thanksgiving after Communion 3974:Origenis in Numeros homiliae 3462:St. Michael's Church, Munich 3406:in 1570 laid down that, for 3297:in Milan. Note curtain rods. 3265:also mentions the custom of 2926:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 2435:Canon Law Society of America 2328:Reforms of Pope Benedict XVI 2063:Censure (Catholic canon law) 1891:Associations of the faithful 1876:Juridic and physical persons 1524:Quinquennial visit ad limina 880:Nullity of Sacred Ordination 48:is used for celebrating the 4860:Chapter and Conventual Mass 4291:with link to the Latin text 4276:with link to the Latin text 3752:Rubricae generales Missalis 3633:Seven lighted candles at a 2788:Santa Cecilia in Trastevere 2570:Manifestation of Conscience 2405:List of legal abbreviations 1785:Person (Catholic canon law) 935:Internal and external forum 413:Lay investiture controversy 336:The Apostolic Constitutions 6583: 6449:History of the Roman Canon 6011:Communion under both kinds 5742:Divine Worship: The Missal 4599:"Altar (in Liturgy)" 4439:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 3880:. New Liturgical Movement. 3680: 3602: 3596: 3437:displayed scenes from the 2740:Holy Sacrifice of the Mass 2513:Modern & Contemporary 2176:Tribunal of the Roman Rota 1847:Laicization (dispensation) 1636:Obreption & subreption 1549:Canonically crowned images 1234:, and canonical structures 396:Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals 6207:Priesthood of Melchizedek 4571:The Catholic Encyclopedia 4556:The Catholic Encyclopedia 4529:The Catholic Encyclopedia 4514:The Catholic Encyclopedia 4499:The Catholic Encyclopedia 4484:The Catholic Encyclopedia 4408:The Catholic Encyclopedia 4369:The Catholic Encyclopedia 4336:The Catholic Encyclopedia 4307:The Catholic Encyclopedia 4183:The Catholic Encyclopedia 4122:The Catholic Encyclopedia 4057:De Schismate Donatistarum 4042:The Catholic Encyclopedia 3926:The Catholic Encyclopedia 3295:Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio 3233:, Simpelveld, Netherlands 2988:Eastern Catholic Churches 2672:Society of apostolic life 2363:Romano Pontifici eligendo 1837:Clerics and public office 1734:Temporal goods (property) 1304:Local particular churches 1298:Eastern Catholic Churches 1189:Ratum sed non consummatum 6481:(apostolic constitution) 6455:Lex orandi, lex credendi 6364:Eastern Catholic liturgy 5466:Candles and candlesticks 3593:Candles and candlesticks 3528:(if of three panels) or 3384:Newman University Church 3320:Early extant ciboria in 3069:Caeremoniale Episcoporum 3008:(269–274). According to 2317:Universi Dominici gregis 1333:Apostolic administration 1183:Matrimonial dispensation 1057:Fast days and abstinence 963:Sacramentum Poenitentiae 930:Seal of the Confessional 6394:Ecclesia de Eucharistia 6186:Origin of the Eucharist 4922:Liturgical use of Latin 4382:Peter Frederick Anson, 4024:Encyclopædia Britannica 3939:Clement of Alexandria, 3866:, Introductions, No. 17 3803:Orientation of churches 3705:Eastern Orthodox Church 3540:For the celebration of 3435:Santo Spirito, Florence 2759:. If so, the use of an 2447:Faculties of canon law 2415:Licentiate of Canon Law 2277:Maiorem hac dilectionem 2243:Appeal as from an abuse 2069:De delictis gravioribus 1338:Apostolic administrator 1146:Impediments to Marriage 1013:Indulgentiarum doctrina 501:Decretals of Gregory IX 401:Donation of Constantine 266:Orientalium ecclesiarum 208:Indulgentiarum Doctrina 71:, a priest celebrating 6507:Sacrosanctum concilium 6501:Second Vatican Council 6290:Intercession of saints 6285:Holy day of obligation 5882:General Roman Calendar 3789: 3665:holy day of obligation 3642: 3626: 3573: 3487: 3464: 3460:dwarfing the altar of 3387: 3298: 3234: 3178: 3147: 3089: 2855: 2791: 2698:Catholicism portal 2663:Provida Mater Ecclesia 2370:Ingravescentem aetatem 2181:Apostolic Penitentiary 2081:Crimen sollicitationis 1963:Apostolic constitution 1913:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 1832:Obligation of celibacy 1376:Moderator of the Curia 1308:Appointment of bishops 1115:Declaration of Nullity 1071:Holy day of obligation 978:Eucharistic discipline 947:Apostolic Penitentiary 922:Paenitentiale Theodori 899:Episcopal consecrators 875:Obligation of celibacy 821:Communicatio in sacris 800:Holy day of obligation 747:Scripturarum thesaurus 726:Sacrosanctum Concilium 701:General Roman Calendar 343:Canons of the Apostles 288:Precepts of the Church 280:Sacrosanctum concilium 239:Second Vatican Council 35: 6400:Eucharistic adoration 6222:Year of the Eucharist 5715:Ceremonial of Bishops 5132:prayer over the gifts 4605:Catholic Encyclopedia 4224:A Catholic Dictionary 3878:"The Byzantine Altar" 3639:Jablonné v Podještědí 3632: 3616: 3597:Further information: 3567: 3481: 3455: 3381: 3315:St. Peter's Baldachin 3292: 3272:In late medieval and 3231:Saint Remigius Church 3229: 3172: 3141: 3111:Niche of the Palliums 3084:at Sint-Niklaaskerk, 3079: 2963:De Christi Baptismate 2850:1742 Rococo altar in 2849: 2796:Clement of Alexandria 2785: 2356:Aeterni Patris Filius 2192:Ministers of Justice 2144:Ecclesiastical prison 2139:Canonical admonitions 1956:Protonotary apostolic 1433:Anglicanorum Coetibus 1266:Conference of bishops 761:Quattuor abhinc annos 754:Liturgiam authenticam 459:Corpus Juris Canonici 323:Ancient Church Orders 273:Presbyterorum ordinis 215:Praedicate evangelium 50:Sacrifice of the Mass 22: 6535:Tra le sollecitudini 6523:Traditionis custodes 5401:Eucharistic Congress 5217:Memorial Acclamation 5178:Words of Institution 4927:Ecclesiastical Latin 4820:Pontifical High Mass 4226:(Aeterna Press 1961) 4055:Optatus of Milevis, 3758:). However, in 1614 3697:Pontifical High Mass 3311:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 3269:(right foot first). 3189:(sometimes called a 3115:St. Peter's Basilica 2984:Eastern Christianity 2979:episcopal conference 2480:Raymond of Penyafort 2239:(matrimonial causes) 2215:Defender of the Bond 2075:Complicit absolution 2035:Ecclesiastical Latin 1675:Validity and liceity 1544:Canonical coronation 1427:Personal ordinariate 1414:Military ordinariate 1260:College of Cardinals 1141:Defender of the Bond 957:Complicit absolution 841:Validity and liceity 789:Traditionis custodes 625:Papal judge-delegate 433:Plenitudo potestatis 391:Symmachian forgeries 16:Liturgical structure 6562:Eucharistic objects 6516:Summorum Pontificum 6461:Liturgical Movement 6422:Eucharistic miracle 6075:Spiritual communion 5862:Tridentine calendar 4712:Pre-Tridentine Mass 4305:"Altar Carpets" in 4249:Oxford Dictionaries 3943:, book 7, chapter 7 3830:. Catholic Culture. 3568:Altar with drapery 3467:During much of the 3010:Johann Peter Kirsch 2969:), France, in 517. 2604:Religious institute 2490:Johannes Teutonicus 2452:School of Canon Law 2425:Doctor of both laws 2420:Doctor of Canon Law 2257:Vos estis lux mundi 2128:ferendae sententiae 2118:Laicization (penal) 1906:Canonical documents 1862:Canonical provision 1852:Canonical faculties 1556:Computation of time 1365:In persona episcopi 1351:Aeque principaliter 1345:Diocese/Archdiocese 1321:Apostolic vicariate 1278:Particular churches 1228:Supreme authority, 1161:Impediment of crime 894:Dimissorial letters 775:Summorum Pontificum 6260:Calendar of saints 6217:Transubstantiation 6166:Liturgical colours 6148:In persona Christi 6056:Reserved sacrament 6026:Frequent Communion 5660:Processional cross 5471:Triple candlestick 5296:Benedicamus Domino 5270:Communion antiphon 5159:Eucharistic Prayer 5049:Responsorial Psalm 4222:William E. Addis, 3643: 3627: 3574: 3522:winged altarpieces 3488: 3465: 3424:church tabernacles 3388: 3358:reserved sacrament 3299: 3235: 3179: 3148: 3090: 3001:Liber Pontificalis 2905:Augustine of Hippo 2856: 2792: 2323:Papal renunciation 2230:(trial procedure) 1920:Acta Sanctae Sedis 1867:Canonical election 1500:Personal prelature 1495:Pontifical council 1248:College of Bishops 952:Canon penitentiary 916:Penitential canons 733:Mysterii Paschalis 619:Contractum trinius 426:Libertas ecclesiae 201:Ex corde Ecclesiae 36: 6544: 6543: 6439:Gelineau psalmody 6376:effects of prayer 6354:Christian liturgy 6349:Catholic theology 6061:Sacramental bread 5956: 5955: 5802:Episcopal sandals 5670:Sacramental bread 5598:Collection basket 5332: 5331: 5193:texts and rubrics 5163:Canon of the Mass 5006:Entrance Antiphon 4996:Sign of the Cross 4978:Processional hymn 4910: 4909: 4791: 4790: 4421:Colum Hourihane, 4011:978-0-19-280290-3 3645:According to the 3469:second millennium 3439:Passion of Christ 3181:The sanctuary or 3080:Altar stone with 2901:Optatus of Mileve 2852:Kirchheim am Ries 2839:and the original 2772:Lucian of Antioch 2732: 2731: 2643:Secular institute 2500:Burchard of Worms 2495:Geoffrey of Trani 2410:Academic degrees 2350:Papal appointment 2283:Advocatus Diaboli 2236:Dignitas connubii 1685:Apostolic visitor 1584:Taxa Innocentiana 1463:Collegiate church 1214:Petrine privilege 1209:Pauline privilege 1196:Sanatio in radice 1166:Disparity of cult 1121:Dignitas connubii 1108:Banns of marriage 886:Apostolicae curae 782:Magnum principium 607:Code of Canon Law 599:Ecclesiae Sanctae 592:Code of Canon Law 466:Decretum Gratiani 237:Documents of the 222:Veritatis gaudium 178:Magnum principium 164:Code of Canon Law 23:The altar of the 6574: 6557:Catholic liturgy 6388:Council of Trent 6371:Christian prayer 6359:Catholic liturgy 6198:Passion of Jesus 6141:ex opere operato 6046:Infant communion 6041:Host desecration 6016:Eucharistic fast 5989:Closed communion 5984:Church etiquette 5852: 5758:Roman Pontifical 5731:Graduale Simplex 5702:Liturgical books 5682:Sacramental wine 5324:Recessional hymn 5253:Dona nobis pacem 5198:Canonical digits 5105:Universal Prayer 5032:Dominus vobiscum 4947: 4843: 4758:Benedictine Rite 4746: 4683: 4676: 4669: 4660: 4654: 4644: 4642: 4622: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4601: 4593: 4587: 4581: 4575: 4566: 4560: 4551: 4545: 4539: 4533: 4524: 4518: 4509: 4503: 4494: 4488: 4479: 4470: 4465:, 526; Pre-1962 4459: 4453: 4452:, Nos. 117, 304. 4447: 4441: 4440: 4433: 4427: 4418: 4412: 4403: 4397: 4394: 4388: 4379: 4373: 4364: 4355: 4346: 4340: 4331: 4325: 4320: 4311: 4298: 4292: 4283: 4277: 4268: 4262: 4257: 4251: 4246: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4219: 4213: 4207:Marcel Metzger, 4204: 4198: 4193: 4187: 4178: 4172: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4132: 4126: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4089:Cossart, Gabriel 4081: 4075: 4074: 4067: 4061: 4052: 4046: 4037: 4028: 4020: 4014: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3970: 3964: 3951: 3945: 3936: 3930: 3921: 3906: 3900: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3873: 3867: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3843: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3823: 3711:Liturgical books 3623:Manila Cathedral 3345:in the East and 3142:Modern altar at 3124:Lateran Basilica 2960: 2956: 2953: 2948:Gregory of Nyssa 2923: 2919: 2916: 2893:Santa Pudenziana 2889:Lateran Basilica 2834: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2816: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2724: 2717: 2710: 2696: 2695: 2649:Cum Sanctissimus 2629:Mendicant orders 2580:Pontifical right 2553:consecrated life 2537:Edward N. Peters 2252:Penal procedure 2124:Latae sententiae 1896:Consecrated life 1455:Team of priests 1271:Synod of Bishops 1204:Natural marriage 1176:Public propriety 835:Omnium in mentem 828:Ex opere operato 554:Council of Trent 548: 545: 452: 449: 408:Gregorian Reform 318: 315: 245:Christus Dominus 194:Ad tuendam fidem 171:Omnium in mentem 143:Canon law of the 128: 121: 90: 6582: 6581: 6577: 6576: 6575: 6573: 6572: 6571: 6547: 6546: 6545: 6540: 6479:Missale Romanum 6444:Gregorian chant 6410:Dominicae Cenae 6322: 6270:Code of Rubrics 6232: 6226: 6202:salvific nature 6179:Mysterium fidei 6172:Mirae caritatis 6120:Blood of Christ 6107: 6100: 6021:First Communion 5963: 5952: 5936:Paschal Triduum 5887: 5847:Liturgical year 5841: 5775: 5767: 5696: 5603:Communion-plate 5555: 5549: 5495:Communion bench 5432: 5328: 5319:Leonine Prayers 5307: 5115: 5109: 5098:Apostles' Creed 5011:Penitential Act 4988: 4982: 4957:Vesting prayers 4938: 4906: 4865:Coronation Mass 4841: 4787: 4783:Norbertine Rite 4773:Cistercian Rite 4768:Carthusian Rite 4744: 4731:(Ordinary Form) 4729:Mass of Paul VI 4717:Tridentine Mass 4700: 4698:Catholic Church 4687: 4657: 4647: 4640: 4634: 4630: 4625: 4617: 4613: 4595: 4594: 4590: 4582: 4578: 4573:(New York 1907) 4567: 4563: 4558:(New York 1907) 4552: 4548: 4540: 4536: 4531:(New York 1907) 4525: 4521: 4516:(New York 1907) 4510: 4506: 4501:(New York 1907) 4495: 4491: 4486:(New York 1907) 4480: 4473: 4467:Missale Romanum 4463:Code of Rubrics 4460: 4456: 4448: 4444: 4435: 4434: 4430: 4419: 4415: 4410:(New York 1907) 4404: 4400: 4395: 4391: 4380: 4376: 4365: 4358: 4347: 4343: 4338:(New York 1907) 4332: 4328: 4321: 4314: 4309:(New York 1907) 4299: 4295: 4284: 4280: 4272:De architectura 4269: 4265: 4258: 4254: 4247: 4243: 4235: 4231: 4220: 4216: 4205: 4201: 4194: 4190: 4185:(New York 1907) 4179: 4175: 4168: 4164: 4156: 4152: 4144: 4140: 4133: 4129: 4124:(New York 1909) 4118: 4114: 4106: 4102: 4091:, eds. (1728). 4085:Labbe, Philippe 4083: 4082: 4078: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4053: 4049: 4038: 4031: 4021: 4017: 4001: 3997: 3989: 3985: 3971: 3967: 3952: 3948: 3937: 3933: 3928:(New York 1907) 3922: 3909: 3901: 3897: 3889: 3885: 3875: 3874: 3870: 3862: 3858: 3850: 3846: 3839: 3835: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3811: 3794: 3774: 3736: 3695:and seven at a 3669:diocesan bishop 3635:Pontifical Mass 3611: 3601: 3595: 3538: 3536:Cloth coverings 3450: 3376: 3287: 3252:De architectura 3224: 3173:Altar rails in 3136: 3053: 2996: 2986:(including the 2958: 2954: 2921: 2917: 2881: 2832: 2821: 2817: 2806: 2802: 2780: 2728: 2690: 2685: 2684: 2679:Decretum laudis 2656:Primo Feliciter 2634:Clerics regular 2555: 2544: 2543: 2527:Pietro Gasparri 2517:Eugenio Corecco 2400: 2392: 2391: 2157: 2149: 2148: 2089:Excommunication 2048: 2040: 2039: 2030:Parish register 1929:Censor librorum 1907: 1899: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1874: 1780: 1772: 1771: 1735: 1727: 1726: 1712:Treatise on Law 1539: 1529: 1528: 1468:Parish register 1444:Juridic persons 1326:Apostolic vicar 1262: 1235: 1231: 1221: 1220: 1086: 1084:Matrimonial law 1076: 1075: 868:Defect of birth 815: 813:Sacramental law 805: 804: 718:Code of Rubrics 695: 687: 686: 645: 635: 634: 630:Right of option 585:(1918-present) 560:Benedictus Deus 546: 450: 386:Gelasian Decree 316: 303: 293: 292: 157: 145:Catholic Church 144: 119: 88: 73:Tridentine Mass 46:Catholic Church 17: 12: 11: 5: 6580: 6578: 6570: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6549: 6548: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6538: 6531: 6526: 6519: 6512: 6511: 6510: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6475: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6424: 6419: 6418: 6417: 6397: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6379: 6378: 6368: 6367: 6366: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6344:Ambrosian Rite 6341: 6336: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6320: 6319: 6318: 6308: 6301: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6254:versus populum 6244: 6236: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6195: 6194: 6193: 6183: 6175: 6168: 6163: 6156: 6151: 6144: 6134: 6127: 6125:Corpus Christi 6122: 6112: 6110: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6091: 6090: 6089: 6077: 6072: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 6002: 6001: 5996: 5986: 5981: 5979:Concelebration 5976: 5968: 5966: 5958: 5957: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5939: 5938: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5858: 5856: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5778: 5776: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5754: 5753: 5744: 5734: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5706: 5704: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5694: 5689: 5679: 5678: 5677: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5646: 5645: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5559: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5505:Credence table 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5486: 5485: 5483:Sanctuary lamp 5480: 5478:Paschal candle 5475: 5474: 5473: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5446:Altar crucifix 5442: 5440: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5404: 5403: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5357: 5356: 5346: 5340: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5326: 5321: 5315: 5313: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5305: 5300: 5299: 5298: 5292:Ite, missa est 5284: 5279: 5274: 5273: 5272: 5265:Holy Communion 5262: 5257: 5256: 5255: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5234: 5233: 5219: 5214: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5136: 5135: 5134: 5119: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5107: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5075: 5074: 5060: 5055: 5046: 5045: 5044: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5023: 5022: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4992: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4980: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4959: 4953: 4951: 4944: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4930: 4929: 4918: 4916: 4912: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4898: 4897: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4851: 4849: 4840: 4839: 4834: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4805: 4799: 4797: 4793: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4785: 4780: 4778:Dominican Rite 4775: 4770: 4765: 4763:Carmelite Rite 4760: 4754: 4752: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4724: 4714: 4708: 4706: 4705:Forms and uses 4702: 4701: 4688: 4686: 4685: 4678: 4671: 4663: 4656: 4655: 4648:Dietz, Helen, 4645: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4623: 4621:, No. 314–316. 4611: 4588: 4586:, No. 305–306. 4576: 4561: 4546: 4534: 4519: 4504: 4489: 4471: 4454: 4442: 4428: 4413: 4398: 4389: 4374: 4356: 4341: 4326: 4312: 4293: 4278: 4263: 4252: 4241: 4229: 4214: 4199: 4188: 4173: 4162: 4150: 4148:, No. 298−300. 4138: 4127: 4112: 4100: 4076: 4062: 4047: 4044:(New York 1907 4029: 4015: 3995: 3983: 3976:, Homilia V, 1 3965: 3946: 3931: 3907: 3895: 3883: 3876:Abbot Joseph. 3868: 3856: 3844: 3833: 3826:Hardon, John. 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3805: 3800: 3793: 3790: 3785: 3784: 3781: 3735: 3732: 3720:Laetare Sunday 3609:Paschal candle 3594: 3591: 3551: 3537: 3534: 3486:, woodcut 1858 3473:western Europe 3449: 3446: 3420: 3375: 3372: 3339:altar curtains 3286: 3283: 3261:attributed to 3223: 3220: 3212:credence table 3191:communion rail 3135: 3132: 3052: 3049: 2995: 2992: 2940:(432–440) and 2880: 2877: 2779: 2776: 2768:Pope Sixtus II 2730: 2729: 2727: 2726: 2719: 2712: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2687: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2669: 2668: 2667: 2666: 2659: 2652: 2640: 2639: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2624:Canons regular 2621: 2611: 2595: 2594: 2589: 2588: 2587: 2585:Diocesan right 2582: 2572: 2567: 2565:Exclaustration 2562: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2540: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2511: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2507: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2455: 2454: 2445: 2444: 2437: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2408: 2407: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2388: 2387: 2380: 2373: 2366: 2359: 2352: 2347: 2344:Jus exclusivae 2340: 2332: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2306: 2305: 2300: 2293: 2286: 2279: 2274: 2263: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2217: 2209: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2196:Judicial Vicar 2190: 2189: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2158: 2156:Procedural law 2155: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2106: 2096: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2077: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1959: 1958: 1948: 1947: 1946: 1943:Imprimi potest 1939: 1925: 1924: 1923: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1887: 1886: 1883:Jus patronatus 1872: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1827:Regular clergy 1824: 1822:Secular clergy 1815: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1793: 1792: 1781: 1779:Law of persons 1778: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1742: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1722: 1708: 1707: 1706: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1677: 1672: 1665: 1660: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1626: 1621: 1620: 1619: 1612:Interpretation 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1575: 1570: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1552: 1551: 1540: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1477: 1476: 1475: 1473:Lay trusteeism 1470: 1465: 1460: 1441: 1440: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1424: 1416: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1407:Eparchal curia 1399: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1385: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1371:Diocesan Curia 1368: 1361: 1354: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1318: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1274: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1251: 1250: 1245: 1236: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1192: 1180: 1179: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1143: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1129: 1124: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1098: 1087: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1054: 1045: 1044: 1038: 1036:Minor basilica 1033: 1031:Major basilica 1028: 1021:Sacred places 1019: 1018: 1017: 1016: 998: 997: 996: 995: 990: 985: 980: 970: 969: 968: 967: 966: 954: 949: 944: 943: 942: 932: 927: 926: 925: 908: 907: 906: 901: 896: 891: 890: 889: 877: 872: 871: 870: 865: 844: 843: 838: 831: 824: 816: 811: 810: 807: 806: 803: 802: 797: 792: 785: 778: 771: 764: 757: 750: 743: 740:Musicam sacram 736: 729: 722: 721: 720: 710: 709: 708: 696: 694:Liturgical law 693: 692: 689: 688: 685: 684: 682:Protosyncellus 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 646: 641: 640: 637: 636: 633: 632: 627: 622: 611: 610: 602: 595: 578: 577: 570: 563: 556: 539:Jus novissimum 535: 534: 533: 532: 529:Liber Septimus 525: 518: 511: 510: 509: 497: 490: 489: 488: 481: 478:Canon Episcopi 474: 439: 438: 437: 436: 429: 422: 419:Dictatus papae 415: 405: 404: 403: 393: 388: 383: 382: 381: 374: 367: 360: 348: 347: 346: 339: 332: 304: 299: 298: 295: 294: 291: 290: 285: 284: 283: 276: 269: 262: 259:Optatam totius 255: 248: 235: 230: 225: 218: 211: 204: 197: 190: 183: 182: 181: 174: 158: 152: 151: 148: 147: 139: 138: 130: 129: 118: 115: 100:Byzantine Rite 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6579: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6537: 6536: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6524: 6520: 6518: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6508: 6504: 6503: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6480: 6476: 6474: 6473: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6429: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6411: 6407: 6406: 6405: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6372: 6369: 6365: 6362: 6361: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6325: 6317: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6302: 6300: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6275:Commemoration 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6255: 6250: 6249: 6245: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6229: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6212:Real presence 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6199: 6196: 6192: 6189: 6188: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6143: 6142: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6103: 6097: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6087: 6086:Anima Christi 6083: 6082: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5974: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5959: 5949: 5948:Ascensiontide 5946: 5944: 5941: 5937: 5934: 5933: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5916: 5912: 5910: 5909:Ordinary Time 5907: 5905: 5904:Christmastide 5902: 5900: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5890: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5844: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5770: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5732: 5728: 5726: 5725:Roman Gradual 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5699: 5693: 5690: 5687: 5683: 5680: 5676: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5552: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5472: 5469: 5468: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5435: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5335: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5304: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5282:Postcommunion 5280: 5278: 5275: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5254: 5251: 5250: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5243:Sign of peace 5241: 5239: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5223: 5222:Lord's Prayer 5220: 5218: 5215: 5209: 5206: 5205: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5166: 5165: 5164: 5160: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5140: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5128:Orate fratres 5126: 5125: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5116:the Eucharist 5112: 5106: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5050: 5047: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5014: 5013: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4993: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4948: 4945: 4943:Order of Mass 4941: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4923: 4920: 4919: 4917: 4913: 4903: 4900: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4847:Ritual Masses 4844: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4810: 4809:Missa Cantata 4806: 4804: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4794: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4747: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4723: 4720: 4719: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4679: 4677: 4672: 4670: 4665: 4664: 4661: 4653: 4652: 4646: 4639: 4638: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4620: 4615: 4612: 4607: 4606: 4600: 4592: 4589: 4585: 4580: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4565: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4550: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4458: 4455: 4451: 4446: 4443: 4438: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4417: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4402: 4399: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4319: 4317: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4302: 4301:"Altar Steps" 4297: 4294: 4290: 4288: 4282: 4279: 4275: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4256: 4253: 4250: 4245: 4242: 4238: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4196:The Confessio 4192: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4154: 4151: 4147: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4131: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4116: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4101: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4080: 4077: 4073:. New Advent. 4072: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4019: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3999: 3996: 3992: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3975: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3959: 3957: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3899: 3896: 3892: 3887: 3884: 3879: 3872: 3869: 3865: 3860: 3857: 3853: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3837: 3834: 3829: 3822: 3819: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3788: 3782: 3779: 3778: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3723: 3721: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3689:Missa cantata 3686: 3682: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3655:with lighted 3654: 3650: 3649: 3640: 3636: 3631: 3624: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3606: 3600: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3580: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3518: 3516: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3491: 3485: 3480: 3476: 3474: 3470: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3433:'s church of 3432: 3427: 3425: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3392: 3385: 3380: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3327: 3323: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3296: 3291: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3242: 3240: 3232: 3228: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3206: 3201: 3199: 3194: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3176: 3171: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3145: 3140: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3074: 3071: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3056: 3050: 3048: 3044: 3042: 3037: 3033: 3030: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 3002: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2949: 2945: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2934:Theodosius II 2931: 2927: 2912: 2908: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2853: 2848: 2844: 2842: 2838: 2827: 2812: 2797: 2789: 2784: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2725: 2720: 2718: 2713: 2711: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2688: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2675: 2674: 2673: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2645: 2644: 2641: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2554: 2548: 2547: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2532:Ladislas Orsy 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2522:John D. Faris 2520: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2506: 2503: 2502: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2462: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2448: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2379: 2378: 2377:Ubi periculum 2374: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2298: 2294: 2292: 2291: 2290:Oblatio vitae 2287: 2285: 2284: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2259: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2229: 2228:Pars dynamica 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2161: 2153: 2152: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2071: 2070: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2058:Canon 1397 §2 2056: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1944: 1940: 1938: 1937: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1892: 1885: 1884: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1858: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1818: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1797:Canonical age 1795: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1776: 1775: 1768: 1767:Temporalities 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1747: 1746:Cathedraticum 1743: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1721: 1720: 1716: 1715: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1695: 1694: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1670: 1669:Vacatio legis 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1631: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1585: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1537:Jurisprudence 1533: 1532: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1519:Vicar general 1517: 1515: 1512: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1435: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1360: 1359: 1358:Cathedraticum 1355: 1353: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1316: 1311: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1255: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1243:Roman Pontiff 1241: 1240: 1239: 1233: 1225: 1224: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1202: 1198: 1197: 1193: 1191: 1190: 1186: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1156:Clandestinity 1154: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1122: 1118: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1103: 1099: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1080: 1079: 1072: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1047:Sacred times 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1015: 1014: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1003: 1002: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 975: 974: 971: 965: 964: 960: 959: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 941: 938: 937: 936: 933: 931: 928: 924: 923: 919: 918: 917: 914: 913: 912: 909: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 888: 887: 883: 882: 881: 878: 876: 873: 869: 866: 864: 861: 860: 859: 856: 855: 854: 851: 850: 849: 848: 842: 839: 837: 836: 832: 830: 829: 825: 823: 822: 818: 817: 814: 809: 808: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 790: 786: 784: 783: 779: 777: 776: 772: 770: 769: 765: 763: 762: 758: 756: 755: 751: 749: 748: 744: 742: 741: 737: 735: 734: 730: 728: 727: 723: 719: 716: 715: 714: 711: 707: 704: 703: 702: 699: 698: 697:Latin Church 691: 690: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 652: 648: 647: 644: 639: 638: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 620: 616: 615: 614: 609: 608: 603: 601: 600: 596: 594: 593: 588: 587: 586: 584: 583: 576: 575: 571: 569: 568: 564: 562: 561: 557: 555: 552: 551: 550: 541: 540: 531: 530: 526: 524: 523: 522:Extravagantes 519: 517: 516: 512: 508: 505: 504: 503: 502: 498: 496: 495: 491: 487: 486: 482: 480: 479: 475: 473: 470: 469: 468: 467: 463: 462: 461: 460: 456: 455: 454: 445: 444: 435: 434: 430: 428: 427: 423: 421: 420: 416: 414: 411: 410: 409: 406: 402: 399: 398: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 380: 379: 375: 373: 372: 368: 366: 365: 361: 359: 358: 354: 353: 352: 349: 345: 344: 340: 338: 337: 333: 331: 330: 326: 325: 324: 321: 320: 311: 310: 309: 302: 301:Legal history 297: 296: 289: 286: 282: 281: 277: 275: 274: 270: 268: 267: 263: 261: 260: 256: 254: 253: 252:Lumen gentium 249: 247: 246: 242: 241: 240: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 223: 219: 217: 216: 212: 210: 209: 205: 203: 202: 198: 196: 195: 191: 189: 188: 184: 180: 179: 175: 173: 172: 168: 167: 166: 165: 160: 159: 156:(current law) 155: 150: 149: 146: 140: 136: 132: 131: 127: 123: 122: 116: 114: 112: 109: 105: 101: 97: 92: 85: 80: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 53: 51: 47: 43: 42: 34: 33:Upper Austria 30: 26: 25:parish church 21: 6533: 6529:Stercoranism 6521: 6514: 6505: 6491:Pope Paul VI 6478: 6472:Mediator Dei 6470: 6453: 6426: 6408: 6392: 6303: 6252: 6246: 6239: 6233:and concepts 6181:(encyclical) 6178: 6170: 6158: 6146: 6139: 6129: 6093: 6084: 6031:Genuflection 5971: 5915:Septuagesima 5913: 5807:Humeral veil 5747:Sacramentary 5737:Roman Missal 5729: 5490:Chalice veil 5437: 5349:Altar server 5337:Participants 5185: 5171: 5144:Sursum corda 4895:Month's mind 4890:Requiem Mass 4875:Nuptial Mass 4829: 4807: 4740:Anglican Use 4650: 4636: 4614: 4603: 4591: 4579: 4570: 4564: 4555: 4549: 4537: 4528: 4522: 4513: 4507: 4498: 4492: 4483: 4466: 4457: 4445: 4437:"altarpiece" 4431: 4422: 4416: 4407: 4401: 4392: 4383: 4377: 4368: 4350: 4344: 4335: 4329: 4306: 4296: 4286: 4281: 4271: 4266: 4255: 4244: 4232: 4223: 4217: 4208: 4202: 4191: 4182: 4176: 4165: 4153: 4141: 4130: 4121: 4115: 4103: 4093: 4079: 4065: 4056: 4050: 4041: 4026:, "Basilica" 4023: 4018: 4002: 3998: 3986: 3973: 3968: 3956:Apologeticus 3955: 3954:Tertuliano, 3949: 3940: 3934: 3925: 3898: 3886: 3871: 3863: 3859: 3854:, No. 49–50. 3847: 3836: 3821: 3798:Winged altar 3786: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3755: 3751: 3743:Roman Missal 3737: 3724: 3709: 3677: 3653:candlesticks 3646: 3644: 3619:candlesticks 3599:Altar candle 3588: 3575: 3559: 3555: 3539: 3519: 3511: 3492: 3489: 3471:, altars in 3466: 3443: 3431:Brunelleschi 3428: 3416: 3404:Latin Church 3396:Roman Missal 3393: 3389: 3365: 3362: 3355: 3335:Coptic Rites 3319: 3300: 3279:Requiem Mass 3271: 3266: 3256: 3250: 3243: 3236: 3209: 3202: 3195: 3180: 3149: 3134:Surroundings 3119: 3107: 3097: 3094:altar stones 3091: 3081: 3067: 3065: 3057: 3054: 3045: 3036:Latin Church 3034: 3026: 3006:Pope Felix I 2999: 2997: 2974:Latin Church 2971: 2962: 2946: 2909: 2882: 2857: 2793: 2765: 2733: 2677: 2670: 2661: 2654: 2647: 2609:Congregation 2596: 2475:Jean Lemoine 2456: 2446: 2439: 2429: 2409: 2384:Quia propter 2382: 2375: 2368: 2361: 2354: 2342: 2315: 2312:Current law 2307: 2295: 2288: 2282: 2266:Canonization 2264: 2255: 2234: 2227: 2226: 2160:Pars statica 2159: 2127: 2123: 2079: 2067: 2020:Positive law 1994:Motu proprio 1992: 1941: 1934: 1927: 1918: 1911: 1888: 1881: 1873: 1856: 1816: 1802:Emancipation 1757:Mass stipend 1752:Contract law 1744: 1719:Determinatio 1717: 1710: 1704:Ecclesiology 1691: 1667: 1657:Sede vacante 1655: 1646:Promulgation 1628: 1624:Jurisdiction 1582: 1578:Dispensation 1565: 1490:Congregation 1456: 1442: 1431: 1420: 1393:Vicar forane 1363: 1356: 1349: 1314: 1293:Latin Church 1285: 1276: 1275: 1253: 1252: 1237: 1194: 1187: 1131: 1119: 1100: 1093: 1061: 1046: 1020: 1011: 1001:Sacramentals 999: 993:Mass stipend 961: 920: 884: 845: 833: 826: 820: 787: 780: 773: 768:Ecclesia Dei 766: 759: 752: 745: 738: 731: 724: 649: 617: 612: 606: 597: 591: 581: 580: 579: 572: 565: 559: 538: 537: 536: 527: 520: 515:Regulæ Juris 513: 499: 492: 483: 476: 464: 457: 442: 441: 440: 431: 424: 417: 376: 369: 362: 355: 341: 334: 327: 308:Jus antiquum 306: 305: 278: 271: 264: 257: 250: 243: 220: 213: 206: 199: 192: 185: 176: 169: 163: 153: 113:) are used. 110: 93: 83: 82:The rite of 81: 54: 39: 37: 6404:benediction 6334:Agape feast 6248:Ad orientem 6231:Regulations 6191:Last Supper 6106:Eucharistic 5962:Eucharistic 5926:Passiontide 5710:Antiphonary 5628:Funghellino 5613:Evangeliary 5573:Aspergillum 5535:Purificator 5461:Antependium 5451:Altar rails 5303:Last Gospel 5203:Roman Canon 4962:Asperges me 4837:Votive Mass 4831:sine populo 4815:Solemn Mass 4628:Works cited 4353:, June 2005 4059:, book 6, I 3980:translation 3962:translation 3760:Pope Paul V 3747:Pope Pius V 3739:Tabernacles 3728:Good Friday 3693:Solemn Mass 3691:, six at a 3681:altar shelf 3661:Sunday Mass 3579:antependium 3570:antependium 3546:altar cloth 3400:Pope Pius V 3347:rood screen 3343:iconostasis 3267:dextro pede 3239:side altars 3187:altar rails 3156:Word of God 3041:altar stone 2918: 250 2885:Last Supper 2761:altar stone 2619:Monasticism 2338:Cum proxime 2334:Historical 2248:Presumption 2015:Penitential 2005:Papal brief 1480:Roman Curia 1063:Paenitemini 853:Holy Orders 643:Eastern law 582:Jus codicis 547: 1563 507:Decretalist 494:Jus commune 451: 1140 69:Solemn Mass 6551:Categories 6316:Lord's Day 6305:Pro multis 6051:Intinction 6036:Head cover 5964:discipline 5943:Eastertide 5817:Pontifical 5751:Lectionary 5633:Holy water 5563:Altar bell 5554:Liturgical 5545:Tabernacle 5520:Misericord 5114:Liturgy of 4987:Liturgy of 4971:Eastertide 4967:Vidi aquam 4934:Vernacular 4902:White Mass 4825:Papal Mass 4694:Roman Rite 4544:, No. 117. 4239:, No. 295. 4160:, No. 302. 4110:, No. 301. 3905:, No. 297. 3893:, No. 298. 3814:References 3603:See also: 3530:polyptychs 3495:altarpiece 3493:The term " 3448:Altarpiece 3412:altar card 3368:Tridentine 3274:Tridentine 3098:sepulchrum 3082:sepulchrum 2959: 395 2957: – c. 2955: 335 2938:Sixtus III 2922: 330 2920: – c. 2833: 185 2822: 220 2820: – c. 2818: 160 2811:Tertullian 2807: 215 2805: – c. 2803: 150 2736:Roman Rite 2560:Solemn vow 2470:Hostiensis 2457:Canonists 2441:The Jurist 2220:Procurator 2200:Officialis 2053:Canon 1324 2010:Papal bull 1988:Encyclical 1936:Imprimatur 1680:Visitation 1641:Obrogation 1602:Impediment 1573:Derogation 1457:in solidum 1230:particular 1052:Feast days 1007:Indulgence 911:Confession 847:Sacraments 485:Margaritae 154:Ius vigens 117:Obligation 61:Roman Rite 6428:Fermentum 6415:Holy Hour 6265:Canon law 6131:Epiousion 5999:Canon 915 5994:Canon 844 5973:Abstemius 5931:Holy Week 5884:(current) 5855:Calendars 5773:Vestments 5720:Customary 5650:Manuterge 5623:Flabellum 5423:Subdeacon 5312:Post-Mass 5287:Dismissal 5277:Ablutions 5248:Agnus Dei 5187:anamnesis 5182:elevation 5173:epiclesis 5123:Offertory 5016:Confiteor 4885:Rose Mass 4870:Gold Mass 4855:Blue Mass 4735:Zaire Use 4287:Satyricon 4274:III, 4, 4 3958:, 16.9–10 3667:. If the 3526:triptychs 3484:Hallstatt 3456:Gigantic 3382:Altar of 3307:baldachin 3263:Petronius 3258:Satyricon 3247:Vitruvius 3152:sanctuary 3120:confessio 3088:, Belgium 3022:basilicas 3018:catacombs 2930:Pulcheria 2863:and side 2786:Altar of 2461:Medieval 2166:Tribunals 2113:Interdict 2047:Penal law 2000:Ordinance 1973:Concordat 1807:Exemption 1762:Stole fee 1485:Dicastery 1421:sui juris 1287:sui juris 1284:Churches 1102:Ne Temere 983:Canon 915 973:Eucharist 863:Abstemius 672:Exarchate 662:Nomocanon 472:Decretist 443:Jus novum 317: 33 104:sanctuary 57:sanctuary 6295:Ordinary 6241:Accentus 6200:and its 6160:Koinonia 6108:theology 6095:Viaticum 5827:Surplice 5797:Dalmatic 5792:Chasuble 5692:Thurible 5593:Crotalus 5588:Ciborium 5500:Corporal 5381:Crucifer 5366:Boat boy 5260:Fraction 5231:doxology 5227:embolism 5168:oblation 5072:sequence 5063:Alleluia 5001:Psalm 43 4989:the Word 4950:Pre-Mass 4915:Language 4880:Red Mass 4803:Low Mass 3941:Stromata 3792:See also 3701:acolytes 3685:Low Mass 3673:Entrance 3515:predella 3351:pulpitum 3331:Armenian 3303:ciborium 3205:ciborium 3198:predella 3177:, Dublin 3126:and the 2879:Material 2778:Position 2749:corporal 2211:Parties 2025:Rescript 1983:Decretal 1817:Clerics 1740:Benefice 1699:Theology 1607:Donation 1419:Mission 1383:Chancery 1232:churches 1151:Affinity 1043:(chapel) 988:Celebret 795:Red Mass 135:a series 133:Part of 6327:Related 6299:Propers 5892:Periods 5832:Tunicle 5812:Pallium 5638:Incense 5618:Fistula 5583:Chalice 5556:objects 5530:Piscina 5510:Kneeler 5344:Acolyte 5208:history 5152:Hosanna 5148:Sanctus 5139:Preface 5058:Epistle 5053:Gradual 5037:Collect 4696:of the 4692:of the 3754:, XX - 3657:candles 3503:retable 3499:reredos 3458:reredos 3322:Ravenna 3249:in his 3183:chancel 2967:Pamiers 2824:), and 2757:candles 2734:In the 2551:Law of 2505:Brocard 2485:Rufinus 2465:Gratian 2297:Positio 2205:Auditor 1857:Office 1630:Peritus 1592:Faculty 1402:Eparchy 1388:Deanery 1315:nullius 1313:Abbacy 1171:Ligamen 1133:Vetitum 1095:Tametsi 1041:Oratory 667:Eparchy 567:Tametsi 549:-1918) 453:-1563) 329:Didache 319:-1140) 111:Prestól 44:in the 29:Gampern 6311:Sunday 5899:Advent 5763:Tonary 5578:Censer 5515:Lavabo 5418:Priest 5413:Porter 5408:Lector 5386:Deacon 5371:Cantor 5361:Bishop 5354:female 5084:Homily 5079:Gospel 5042:Oremus 5027:Gloria 4750:Orders 4371:(1907) 4351:30DAYS 4009: 3715:Advent 3507:dossal 3285:Canopy 3214:, the 3164:Deacon 3162:, the 3160:Priest 3146:, 1996 3051:Relics 2942:Hilary 2911:Helena 2873:bishop 2865:aisles 2826:Origen 2755:, and 2738:, the 1978:Decree 1951:Notary 1812:Heresy 1663:Simony 1597:Indult 1561:Custom 1450:Parish 1026:Altars 613:Other 228:Custom 137:on the 6486:Music 6137:Grace 5837:Vimpa 5822:Stole 5787:Amice 5675:wafer 5655:Paten 5608:Cruet 5568:Ashes 5438:Altar 5428:Usher 5396:Laity 5376:Choir 5089:Credo 5068:Tract 5020:Kyrie 4796:Types 4641:(PDF) 4461:1960 3991:Dietz 3809:Notes 3663:or a 3584:stole 3550:three 3374:Ledge 3222:Steps 3102:Latin 3086:Mesen 2897:Peter 2753:cross 2745:cloth 2614:Order 1968:Canon 605:1983 590:1917 162:1983 96:Greek 41:altar 6402:and 6297:and 6251:and 6118:and 6116:Body 6069:must 6067:(or 6065:wine 6063:and 5921:Lent 5749:and 5686:must 5684:(or 5540:Rood 5525:Pall 5456:Ambo 4690:Mass 4303:and 4289:, 30 4007:ISBN 3617:Six 3607:and 3542:Mass 3408:Mass 3394:The 3349:and 3333:and 3326:Rome 3324:and 3216:ambo 3066:The 3058:The 3029:tufa 3014:Mass 2994:Form 2869:apse 2861:nave 2751:, a 2747:, a 2126:and 65:Mass 38:The 5782:Alb 5665:Pyx 5643:use 5238:Pax 5096:or 5051:or 4969:in 3745:of 3675:." 3398:of 3313:'s 3193:). 3113:in 2809:), 108:chu 94:In 91:" 63:of 27:of 6553:: 6413:/ 5294:/ 5229:/ 5184:/ 5180:/ 5176:/ 5170:/ 5150:/ 5146:/ 5130:/ 5070:/ 5018:/ 4474:^ 4359:^ 4315:^ 4087:; 4032:^ 3978:; 3960:; 3910:^ 3707:. 3441:. 3419:on 3309:. 3200:. 3130:. 2952:c. 2928:. 2915:c. 2830:c. 2815:c. 2800:c. 544:c. 448:c. 314:c. 79:. 52:. 31:, 6071:) 5688:) 5161:/ 4682:e 4675:t 4668:v 3750:( 3641:) 3625:) 3100:( 2950:( 2913:( 2828:( 2813:( 2798:( 2723:e 2716:t 2709:v 2198:/ 542:( 446:( 312:( 89:'

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