151:
647:, who still regard it as part of the military system. Many argue that it is not inconveniencing the military in any way, and in fact paints them in a good light. Moreover, in the past non-military service has often freed up people for work in the military, or enabled people to return to the military e.g. nursing. Those conscientious objectors who also reject alternative service are known as absolutists or total objectors.
43:
659:
was a program used by the
Turkish government during World War II to conscript the male non-Turkish minority population mainly consisting of Armenians, Greeks and Jews. The prevailing and widespread point of view on the matter was that, anticipating entry to World War II, Turkey gathered in advance
639:
Civilian service is usually performed in the service of non-profit governmental bodies or other institutions. For example, in
Austria, men drafted for alternative civilian service mainly serve in healthcare facilities and retirement homes, while other countries have a wider variety of possible
1032:
A citizen of the
Russian Federation shall have the right to replace military service by alternative civilian service in case his convictions or religious belief contradict military service and also in other cases envisaged by the federal
998:
319:
315:
1045:
60:
334:
420:
495:
560:
107:
79:
945:
500:
255:
250:
505:
150:
126:
86:
1090:
260:
954:
445:
415:
93:
672:
64:
460:
400:
75:
465:
1053:
977:
925:
480:
395:
390:
800:
553:
440:
290:
53:
1080:
905:
806:
470:
285:
280:
933:
31:
929:
791:
644:
601:
533:
515:
510:
410:
405:
370:
365:
355:
350:
340:
847:
776:
770:
716:
688:
629:
490:
485:
475:
455:
450:
435:
430:
425:
380:
375:
360:
330:
305:
300:
182:
100:
1085:
812:
546:
345:
310:
752:
385:
325:
227:
192:
187:
974:, ancient form of forced non-military labor by government, similar to alternative civilian service
656:
197:
177:
961:
starting in 1939 and during World War II. Later abolished as the UK abolished military service.
212:
738:
633:
609:
593:
295:
222:
217:
756:
709:
958:
901:
1074:
921:
202:
661:
625:
597:
270:
232:
142:
17:
1020:
949:
866:
766:
748:
207:
42:
156:
940:
Earlier voluntary services as a substitute to mandatory alternative services
721:
971:
621:
671:
in 2003–2004 was considered to violate freedom of religion by the
861:
704:
699:
684:
668:
27:
Alternative to military service in countries with military conscription
887:
734:
694:
605:
783:
Voluntary services as a substitute to mandatory alternative services
679:
Countries and regions with mandatory alternative service programmes
910:
873:
620:
Alternative civilian service is service to a government made as a
30:"Alternative service" redirects here. For the prayer book, see
36:
612:. Alternative service usually involves some kind of labor.
1003:
Chicago-Kent
Journal of International and Competitive Law
660:
all unreliable non-Turkish men regarded as a potential "
643:
Alternative service is often rejected by antimilitarist
856:
Countries that abolished mandatory alternative services
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
726:
892:
845:) as an alternative to the otherwise mandatory
809:as a substitute to alternative civilian service
913:
878:
840:
830:
823:
624:, particularly such service as an option for
554:
8:
1021:The Constitution of the Russian Federation
561:
547:
138:
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1052:(in Italian). 2021-12-08. Archived from
948:established in the United States during
989:
524:
269:
241:
163:
141:
728:Alternatyvioji krašto apsaugos tarnyba
1023:(Report). 1993. Chapter 2, Article 59
803:instead of mandatory civilian service
7:
65:adding citations to reliable sources
997:Radecki, Jacob (January 1, 2013).
946:American Friends Service Committee
25:
743:альтернативная гражданская служба
737:: Alternative Civilian Service (
149:
41:
955:International Voluntary Service
667:Lack of alternative service in
52:needs additional citations for
915:Prestación Social Sustitutoría
673:European Court of Human Rights
596:performed in lieu of military
76:"Alternative civilian service"
1:
600:for various reasons, such as
689:Civilian Alternative Service
574:Alternative civilian service
173:Alternative civilian service
999:"Case: Bayatyan v. Armenia"
978:Service Civil International
926:Alternative Service Program
836:in Italy (2005–present day)
1107:
1050:Servizio Civile Universale
825:Servizio Civile Universale
801:European Voluntary Service
29:
906:Forestry service (Russia)
832:Servizio Civile Nazionale
815:instead of the mandatory
807:Voluntary ecological year
760:
742:
934:Selective Service System
651:History and human rights
32:Alternative Service Book
1091:Conscientious objection
930:Civilian Public Service
792:Austrian Service Abroad
645:conscientious objectors
630:conscientious objectors
602:conscientious objection
914:
893:
879:
841:
831:
824:
771:Swiss Civilian Service
727:
183:Conscientious objector
813:Voluntary social year
242:By historical country
155:1780 caricature of a
753:Social Service Agent
586:non-military service
578:alternative services
525:By geographical area
496:United Arab Emirates
61:improve this article
898:, abolished in 2012
713:established in 1931
228:Penal military unit
193:Counter-recruitment
188:Conscription crisis
18:Alternative service
590:substitute service
198:Draft-card burning
178:Civil conscription
839:Unarmed service (
610:political reasons
571:
570:
271:By modern country
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
1098:
1081:Civilians in war
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1017:
1011:
1010:
994:
917:
896:
882:
844:
834:
827:
762:
744:
730:
634:military service
628:persons who are
594:national service
582:civilian service
563:
556:
549:
223:National service
218:Military service
164:Related concepts
153:
139:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1059:
1057:
1046:"Cosa e' il SC"
1044:
1043:
1039:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1014:
996:
995:
991:
986:
968:
942:
880:Servizio civile
858:
842:vapenfri tjänst
785:
710:Siviilipalvelus
681:
653:
618:
592:, is a form of
567:
538:
520:
446:the Philippines
416:the Netherlands
265:
237:
159:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1104:
1102:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1037:
1012:
988:
987:
985:
982:
981:
980:
975:
967:
964:
963:
962:
959:United Kingdom
952:
941:
938:
937:
936:
919:
908:
902:Russian Empire
899:
894:Siviltjenesten
885:
871:
857:
854:
853:
852:
837:
821:
820:
819:
810:
804:
798:
784:
781:
780:
779:
774:
764:
746:
732:
719:
714:
702:
697:
692:
680:
677:
657:Twenty Classes
652:
649:
632:and object to
617:
614:
576:, also called
569:
568:
566:
565:
558:
551:
543:
540:
539:
537:
536:
530:
527:
526:
522:
521:
519:
518:
513:
508:
503:
501:United Kingdom
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
328:
323:
320:child soldiers
316:Congo-Kinshasa
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
277:
274:
273:
267:
266:
264:
263:
258:
256:Russian Empire
253:
251:Ottoman Empire
247:
244:
243:
239:
238:
236:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
213:Levée en masse
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
169:
166:
165:
161:
160:
154:
146:
145:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1103:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1056:on 2021-12-08
1055:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
990:
983:
979:
976:
973:
970:
969:
965:
960:
956:
953:
951:
947:
944:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
922:United States
920:
916:
912:
909:
907:
903:
900:
897:
895:
889:
886:
883:
881:
875:
872:
869:
868:
863:
860:
859:
855:
850:
849:
843:
838:
835:
833:
826:
822:
818:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
797:
793:
790:
789:
787:
786:
782:
778:
775:
772:
768:
765:
758:
754:
750:
747:
740:
736:
733:
731:
729:
723:
720:
718:
715:
712:
711:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
690:
686:
683:
682:
678:
676:
674:
670:
665:
663:
658:
650:
648:
646:
641:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
615:
613:
611:
607:
604:, inadequate
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
564:
559:
557:
552:
550:
545:
544:
542:
541:
535:
532:
531:
529:
528:
523:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
506:United States
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
336:
332:
329:
327:
324:
321:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
276:
275:
272:
268:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
248:
246:
245:
240:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
203:Draft evasion
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
170:
168:
167:
162:
158:
152:
148:
147:
144:
140:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
1086:Conscription
1058:. Retrieved
1054:the original
1049:
1040:
1031:
1025:. Retrieved
1015:
1006:
1002:
992:
891:
877:
865:
846:
829:
816:
795:
725:
708:
666:
662:fifth column
654:
642:
640:placements.
638:
619:
598:conscription
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
572:
466:South Africa
261:Soviet Union
233:War resister
172:
143:Conscription
123:
117:January 2008
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
950:World War I
918:, 1985–2001
884:, 1972–2005
870:, 1961–2011
867:Zivildienst
828:instead of
817:Zivildienst
796:Zivildienst
794:instead of
767:Switzerland
749:South Korea
626:conscripted
481:Switzerland
421:New Zealand
396:South Korea
391:North Korea
208:Impressment
1075:Categories
1060:2023-02-20
1027:2022-12-24
984:References
773:since 1992
691:since 1975
616:Definition
441:Mozambique
291:Azerbaijan
157:press gang
87:newspapers
851:in Sweden
848:Värnplikt
722:Lithuania
675:in 2011.
471:Sri Lanka
461:Singapore
406:Lithuania
335:reduction
286:Australia
281:Argentina
966:See also
788:Austria
622:civilian
957:in the
862:Germany
739:Russian
705:Finland
700:Estonia
685:Austria
669:Armenia
534:Ireland
516:Vietnam
511:Ukraine
411:Myanmar
371:Germany
366:Georgia
356:Finland
351:Eritrea
341:Denmark
296:Bermuda
101:scholar
972:Corvée
888:Norway
777:Taiwan
761:사회복무요원
757:Korean
735:Russia
717:Greece
695:Cyprus
606:health
588:, and
491:Turkey
486:Taiwan
476:Sweden
456:Serbia
451:Russia
436:Monaco
431:Mexico
426:Norway
401:Latvia
381:Israel
376:Greece
361:France
331:Cyprus
306:Canada
301:Brazil
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
911:Spain
874:Italy
608:, or
346:Egypt
311:China
108:JSTOR
94:books
1033:law.
1009:(2).
655:The
386:Iran
326:Cuba
80:news
664:".
63:by
1077::
1048:.
1030:.
1007:13
1005:.
1001:.
932:;
928:,
924::
904::
890::
876::
864::
769::
759::
751::
741::
724::
707::
687::
636:.
584:,
580:,
1063:.
763:)
755:(
745:)
562:e
555:t
548:v
337:)
333:(
322:)
318:(
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
